Emollients Research Articles

Effects of a lotion containing probiotic ferment lysate as the main functional ingredient on enhancing skin barrier: a randomized, self-control study

There is an emergent need to develop functional cosmetic ingredients for the topical management of skin barrier function. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a lotion containing fermented lysates VHProbi® Mix R for enhancing the skin barrier. In vitro studies demonstrated that fermented cultures of both Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus VHProbi® E06 (E06) and L. paracasei VHProbi® E12 (E12) had antioxidant capacity, showing promising scavenging capability for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl. The antioxidant capacity of these strains was also demonstrated in the model of Caenorhabditis elegans. In addition, the fermented lysates of both E06 and E12 enhanced the proliferation of HaCaT cells and ameliorated the toxicity induced by Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, hydrogen peroxide, and ultraviolet B radiation in the HaCaT cell models, which simulated the irritants that facial sensitive skin is exposed to. Subsequently, the ingredient VHProbi® Mix R was formulated using four kinds of fermented lysates: E06, E12, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum VHProbi® E15, and Lactobacillus helveticus VHProbi® Y21. A clinical study was conducted to investigate whether a lotion containing VHProbi® Mix R would be beneficial for people to enhance skin barrier. The participants were asked to use the investigational product for 30 days. Several indicators, including transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin moisturization, and redness were measured at day 0 and day 30 using VISIA®-CR and CK®-MPA systems. Meanwhile, the burden of sensitive skin (BoSS) and self-assessment questionnaires were performed at baseline and endpoint of this study. The study data showed that at day 30, there was a significant decrease in TEWL (P < 0.01), redness measured by CK®-MPA (P < 0.01), and redness profile measured by VISIA®-CR compared with the baseline measurements. Skin moisturization had significantly increased after treatment with the lotion for 30 days. BoSS and self-assessment questionnaires also substantiated that the participants felt a markedly positive change in their sensitive skin. Hence, we hypothesize that applying the topical functional VHProbi® Mix R could confer effective benefits for people with sensitive skin and this represents a promising intervention for enhancing skin barrier.

In silico Exploration on The Potency of Basil (Ocimum basilicum) as an Anti-Aging Skin Agent

New and improved skin care products and procedures have been established by technological advances and scientific investigation. By increasing the skin's moisture, firmness, and elasticity, anti-aging skin care can enhance the skin's overall condition. The objective of this study was to examine the potential of basil's chemical compounds as an in silicoanti-aging agent. Exploration of online databases, scholarly articles from national and international journals, and analysis using docking software are selected as examples of data collection methods. Matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), with PDB code 966C, is one of the targeted proteins related to skin anti-aging. Ladanein, acacetin, luteolin, 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone and genkwanin are five basil compounds that are predicted to exhibit anti-aging agents based on the presence of the binding affinity score indicator and the similarity of the appropriate attachment sites compared to the native ligand used. The scores for the binding affinity of luteolin, ladanein, acacetin, 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone, and genkwanin are -10, -9.9, -9.9, -9.8, and -9.6 kcal/mol, respectively. At the attachment positions of five basil compounds, the interactions with ASN 180, LEU 181 and ALA 182 key amino acids, which are the attachment sites for the native ligands, were also formed.

Switchable adhesive films of pullulan loaded with a deep eutectic solvent-curcumin formulation for the photodynamic treatment of drug-resistant skin infections.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a potent tool to surpass the global rise of antimicrobial resistance; still, the effective topical administration of photosensitizers remains a challenge. Biopolymer-based adhesive films can safely extend the residence time of photosensitizers. However, their wide application is narrowed by their limited water absorption capacity and gel strength. In this study, pullulan-based films with a switchable character (from a solid film to an adhesive hydrogel) were developed. This was accomplished by the incorporation of a betaine-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) containing curcumin (4.4μg.cm-2) into the pullulan films, which tuned the films' skin moisture absorption ability, and therefore they switch into an adhesive hydrogel capable of delivering the photosensitizer. The obtained transparent films presented higher extensibility (elongation at break up to 338.2%) than the pullulan counterparts (6.08%), when stored at 54% of relative humidity, and the corresponding hydrogels a 4-fold higher adhesiveness than commercial hydrogels. These non-cytotoxic adhesives allowed the inactivation (∼5 log reduction), down to the detection limit of the method, of multiresistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus in ex vivo skin samples. Overall, these materials are promising for aPDT in the treatment of resistant skin infections, while being easily removed from the skin.

Carboxymethyl chitosan-gelatin-mesoporous silica nanoparticles containing Myrtus communis L. extract as a novel transparent film wound dressing

Wound healing and health care requirements have attracted more attention, and the need to develop new drug-containing dressings to accelerate wound healing is required. Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)/gelatin-based films with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) containing the Myrtus communis L. (Myrtle) aqueous extract were designed to answer this demand. Myrtle aqueous extract included total phenolic content and good free radical scavenging ability in vitro assay. The infrared spectroscopy characterized the functional groups of myrtle extract and biocomposite films. It was found that mesoporous silica nanoparticles increased the tensile strength of the flexible dressings, which is essential in therapeutic uses. MSNs influenced swelling ratio, oxygen, and water vapor permeability that indicates the CMCS/Gelatin/Myrtle/5 % MSNs wound dressing can absorb wound exudates and preserve skin moisture. Also, these biocompatible nanoparticles reduced the cytotoxicity of fibroblast cells due to the decelerated drug release. Correspondingly, silica nanoparticles affected the extract release rate and could accumulate and release the extract prolonged in CMCS/Gelatin/Myrtle/5 % MSNs models. Finally, histological analysis showed collagen growth and fibroblast migration in wounds treated with CMCS/Gelatin/Myrtle/5 % MSNs, causing proper wound contraction and accelerating wound healing in mice models. The results suggest that CMCS/Gelatin/Myrtle/5 % MSNs films have a beneficial application as wound dressings.

Influence of preparations with peptides on innate and adaptive immunity

Objective: to assess the dynamics of the immune system functioning when using mesotherapy with peptide complexes. Materials and methods: the observation group consisted of 26 women (from 35 to 55 years old) who received a course of mesotherapy with preparations containing peptides for the first time. Injections were carried out in a course of 5 procedures with an interval of 14 days. The exclusion criteria were the absence of same manipulations in the past, hormone replacement therapy, combined oral contraceptives, pregnancy, lactation, acute infections, somatic pathologies. The parameters of innate and adaptive immunity were studied before the course of procedures, right after it, 3 and 6 months after the course. Skin quality changes were assessed using the Aramo Smart Lite 300 dermatoscope. Results: improved skin quality, decreased skin creases, increased skin moisture. The obtained clinical improvements last for three months after the end of the course and there is a tendency for the effects to decrease after six months. In the functioning of the immune system, there is a redistribution of lymphocytes population in the peripheral bloodstream immediately after the course of mesotherapy. In addition, an increase in peripheral T-regulatory lymphocytes responsible for intraimmune suppression was documented. The activation of spontaneous oxygen-producing activity was noted. 3 months after the procedure, no significant changes in immunological parameters were found. 6 months after the course of procedures, a decrease in the level of T-lymphocytes with an increase in the expression of markers of early T-cell activation was recorded. In the humoral link, an increase in circulating B-lymphocytes was documented. In the parameters of innate immunity, there is a decrease in the spontaneous oxygen-producing activity of neutrophils. Conclusion: as a result of the study, a positive persistent clinical effect is documented, simultaneously with the mobilization of factors of innate and adaptive immunity. It is important to note the fact that the immune response restores completely within 6 months after a course of mesotherapy with peptide complexes, with still noticeable clinical results.

Sustainable Cosmetics: Valorisation of Kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa) By-Products by Their Incorporation into a Moisturising Cream

The growing population has intensified food processing, increasing the generation of agro-industrial waste. This waste is rich in bioactive compounds; therefore, it can be valorised by extracting their compounds of biological interest and incorporating them into cosmetic products. In this work, an extract was obtained from kiwi peels and characterised regarding its biological properties and phenolic composition. Results demonstrated that the extract presented antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals (IC50 values of 244 mg/L and 58 mg/L, respectively) and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Catechin and epicatechin (flavonoids), as well as chlorogenic acid (phenolic acid), were the main phenolic compounds identified. Subsequently, the kiwi peel extract was incorporated into cosmetic formulations and their antioxidant properties and stability were evaluated. An increase in the antioxidant activity of the moisturising cream was observed upon the extract’s addition. Also, no microorganisms were present in any formulation prepared, attesting to their microbial safety. Finally, the results from the stability analysis revealed that the moisturising creams remained relatively stable for two weeks. These findings suggest that extracts from kiwi peels have the potential to be used as natural additives to produce value-added cosmetic products in a more sustainable manner.

Robust but On-Demand Detachable Wet Tissue Adhesive Hydrogel Enhanced with Modified Tannic Acid.

Adhesives with robust but readily detachable wet tissue adhesion are of great significance for wound closure. Polyelectrolyte complex adhesive (PECA) is an important wet tissue adhesive. However, its relatively weak cohesive and adhesive strength cannot satisfy clinical applications. Herein, modified tannic acid (mTA) with a catechol group, a long alkyl hydrophobic chain, and a phenyl group was prepared first, and then, it was mixed with acrylic acid (AA) and polyethylenimine (PEI), followed by UV photopolymerization to make a wet tissue adhesive hydrogel with tough cohesion and adhesion strength. The hydrogel has a strong wet tissue interfacial toughness of ∼1552 J/m2, good mechanical properties (∼7220 kPa cohesive strength, ∼873% strain, and ∼33,370 kJ/m3 toughness), and a bursting pressure of ∼1575 mmHg on wet porcine skin. The hydrogel can realize quick and effective adhesion to various wet biological tissues including porcine skin, liver, kidney, and heart and can be changed easily with triggering urea solution to avoid tissue damage or uncomfortable pain to the patient. This biosafe adhesive hydrogel is very promising for wound closure and may provide new ideas for the design of robust wet tissue adhesives.

Development and Clinical Efficacy Evaluation of Facial Toner Containing Houttuynia cordata Thunb

The goal of this research was to develop a reliable oil-controlling toner for facial skin with a natural product, Houttuynia cordata Thunb extract (HCE). The developed HCE facial toner showed high stability and had a high satisfaction level. Clinical studies revealed that the sebum value of the skin after using the developed HCE toner for eight weeks decreased (4.6-times lower), which was statistically significant (p-value &lt; 0.05) when compared to the HCE-free toner. The sebum amount on the facial skin after using the HCE toner decreased by approximately two-times compared to the HCE-free toner. In addition, the skin moisture content increased statistically significantly (p-value &lt; 0.05) from the eighth week of treatment compared to the HCE-free toner and was 1.5- and 1.4-times higher for the left and right cheeks, respectively. The average moisture content of the facial skin treated with the HCE toner increased by 2- and 1.4-times compared to the treatment with the HCE-free toner for the left and right cheeks, respectively. Consequently, the HCE toner had anti-sebum and moisturizing efficacy, and the increased reliability of the natural product meant that it could soon be a premium commercial product.

Effectiveness of Krill Oil in Regulating Skin Moisture

Effectiveness of Krill Oil in Regulating Skin Moisture

Efficacy of radiofrequency combined with single-dot ultrasound efficacy for skin rejuvenation: A non-randomized split-face trial with blinded response evaluation.

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and radiofrequency (RF) are non-invasive modalities for skin rejuvenation, but their combined effects have not been evaluated. We evaluated and compared the efficacy of HIFU alone and combined HIFU and bipolar RF using a newly designed probe. Twenty-two Korean adults with facial wrinkles and aging underwent treatment on both sides of their face: HIFU-only on the left and HIFU combined with RF on the right. Skin parameters were measured at different time points to evaluate the improvement in skin rejuvenation. HIFU treatment significantly improved skin parameters, including pore volume and number, skin elasticity, depth of eye wrinkles, degree of sagging in the eye area, nasolabial folds and cheeks, volume of the jawline, skin density, and permittivity. Furthermore, combining bipolar RF with HIFU treatment enhanced efficacy in reducing pore number, improving skin elasticity, diminishing eye wrinkle depth, and increasing skin moisturization. These findings indicate that bipolar RF can synergically improve skin rejuvenation by providing a thermal effect to the upper papillary dermis, which is more superficial than the target area of HIFU. Combining HIFU with bipolar RF synergistically improves skin rejuvenation, including pore reduction, periorbital wrinkle improvement, skin elasticity, and skin moisturization.

Reusable and Porous Skin Patches with Thermopneumatic Adhesion Control Capability and High Water Vapor Permeability.

We present a reusable and porous skin patch (RPS patch) capable of controlling adhesion force with a thermal-pneumatic method for repetitive use as well as improving moisture permeability for long-term use without skin troubles. Previous skin patches cause skin troubles due to high adhesion force (∼30 kPa) and low moisture permeability (∼382 g/m2/day), hindering them from repeatable and long-term use. We control the skin adhesion force of the RPS patch using thermopneumatic pressure generated by an embedded heater on multiple chamber arrays. The RPS patch controls the adhesion force ranging from 8 to 29 kPa on both dry and wet skin while keeping the stable adhesion force for 48 h. It shows repeatable adhesion up to 100 times, and the adhesion force is restored after the RPS patch is washed with water, thus enabling repetitive skin adhesion. We improve the moisture permeability of the RPS patch to 733 g/m2/day while maintaining the adhesion force by making the RPS patch with porous materials. The RPS patch shows no skin troubles for 7 days of attachment, thereby being available for long-term skin attachment. The RPS patch, having adhesion control capability and high moisture permeability, shows potential for use in daily life in biomedical applications, including wearable sensors, medical adhesives, and rehabilitation robots.

Evaluation of changes in skin sebum and moisture content with treatment in children with atopic dermatitis

Aims: Since the deterioration of the skin barrier plays a role in the development of atopic dermatitis, it is necessary to investigate the moisture and sebum content of the skin. In this context, our study aimed to evaluate the change of skin sebum and moisture content with treatment in children with atopic dermatitis. Methods: This study is a cohort study. Patients aged 0-18 years, diagnosed with atopic dermatitis, and those who did not have any accompanying skin disease were included. Skin moisture and sebum levels were measured with a portable pen-shaped LCD Display Digital Skin Moist Oil Analyzer (Reyoung-Beauty, Guangdong, China) digital skin moisture and sebum measurement device from the cubital fossa before and 1 month after the treatment. Skin sebum and moisture were obtained as percentages. Results: The median values of skin moisture and sebum content before treatment in 55 atopic dermatitis patients were 30.0 % (10.0-55.0) and 24.0% (16.0-49.0), respectively. The percentages of skin moisture and sebum content after treatment were 38.0 % (15.0-60.0) and 28.0 % (18.0-50.0), respectively. In atopic dermatitis patients, the increase in skin moisture and sebum percentages was statistically significant for both (p&lt;0.001 and p=0.022, respectively) Conclusion: Skin moisture and skin sebum contents improved significantly with treatment in children with atopic dermatitis. This situation highlights the importance of adherence to treatment and continuity of selected treatments in patients.

The Effect of House Dust Sensitization on Skin Sebum and Moisture in Children with Allergic Respiratory Diseases.

This study aimed to investigate the levels of skin moisture and sebum in children with a house dust allergy without skin symptoms. This was a case-control study involving children, aged 0-18 years, who were being followed up for an allergic airway disease in a pediatric allergy clinic. Age, gender, hemogram parameters, and IgE values were evaluated. The skin moisture and sebum percentages of the patients and control group were measured by a non-invasive bioimpedance method using a portable digital skin moisture and sebum measurement device on the cubital fossa. The median value of the skin moisture percentage in the house dust mite allergy-positive patient group was significantly lower than that in the house dust mite allergy-negative patients and the control group (p < 0.001). The house dust mite allergy-positive patient group had the lowest skin sebum content. However, there was no statistical significance among the groups in terms of skin sebum percentage (p = 0.102). In the study, children with a house dust allergy were found to have lower levels of skin moisture and sebum. The regular use of moisturizers for children with a house dust allergy should be kept in mind as an effective solution to protect the skin barrier and reduce skin symptoms.

Bacillus subtilis Fermentation Augments the Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Moisture Improvement Activities of Tetragonia tetragonoides through the Upregulation of Antioxidant Components

This study demonstrates that the fermentation of Tetragonia tetragonioides (T. tetragonioides) by Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) subsp. spizizenii enhances its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin-moisturizing activities. Fermented T. tetragonioides extracts (FTEs) showed a significant increase (p &lt; 0.05) of approximately 1.3 to 3.07 times in their total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and vanillic acid content compared to pre-fermentation T. tetragonioides extracts (TEs). Additionally, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)- and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical-scavenging activities were significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) in FTEs than in TEs, showing an increase of about 1.25 to 1.64 times. The anti-inflammatory effects, evaluated through the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), revealed that FTEs exhibited significant (p &lt; 0.05) NO inhibition activity at less than half the concentration of TEs. It is particularly noteworthy that the FTE at 200 μg/mL significantly suppressed the expression of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) proteins. In HaCaT cells, FTEs substantially (p &lt; 0.001) increased the mRNA expression of filaggrin (FLG), hyaluronan synthase (HAS)-1, and HAS-3, indicating improved skin protection and moisturization. In conclusion, this study confirms that T. tetragonioides’ antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin-moisturizing activities are enhanced by B. subtilis fermentation, suggesting the potential of FTEs as a cosmeceutical ingredient.

Investigations for a Yarrowia-Based Biorefinery: In Vitro Proof-of-Concept for Manufacturing Sweetener, Cosmetic Ingredient, and Bioemulsifier

Yarrowia lipolytica is a widely used microorganism in biotechnology since it is capable of producing a wide range of products (lipase, citric acid, polyols). A less-studied related strain is Y. divulgata, which is also capable of erythritol production in even higher concentration than most Y. lipolytica wild strains from glycerol as renewable feedstock. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate Y. divulgata’s complex utilisation based on erythritol fermentation from glycerol to establish a Yarrowia-based biorefinery in which both the fermentation broth and separated cells are converted into high added-value products (erythritol, bioemulsifier, cosmetic ingredient, i.e., skin moisturizer). An important parameter of erythritol fermentation is an adequate oxygen level, so both the constant oxygen level and oxygen absorption rate were investigated regarding the three target products. DO (dissolved oxygen) = 10, 20, 30, 40% was examined in the bioreactor, and a KLa range of 18–655 h−1 was investigated in both the bioreactor and in different types of shaking flasks, applying two different glycerol levels (100–150 g/L). The results showed that the Yarrowia divulagata NCAIM 1485 strain could produce one of the highest amounts of erythritol (44.14 ± 1 g/L) among wild-type yeasts from 150 g/L glycerol beside a KLa value of 655 h−1. Cell-lysates skin hydrating activity was the highest (12%) when DO = 20% (KLa 26.4 h−1) was applied. In all cases, the collected samples had an emulsification index above 69% which did not decrease below 54% after 24 h, showing good stability. Since Y. divulgata fermentations resulted in three high added-value products at the same time from a renewable raw material (glycerol), we concluded that it is suitable for complex utilisation in a microbial biorefinery, since the fermentation broth can be used for the isolation of a sweetener and bioemulsifier; meanwhile, the separated cells can be processed for cosmetic application as a skin moisturizer.

Extraction and Characterization of Coconut Oil in Cream Production

The use of coconut oil as a moisturiser in cream manufacture has been a recent topic of discussion. In this work, coconut oil was extracted from coconut seeds using the Soxhlet extraction method, and the resulting oil was then characterised and utilised to make cream. As a solvent, regular hexane was employed during the extraction procedure. The coconut seeds' poximate composition reveals that their moisture content ranges from 38 to 48 percent, along with ash (1 to 4 percent), lipids (18 to 20 percent), protein (6 to 7 percent), fibre (3 to 10 percent), and carbs (15 to 22 percent). According to the analysis's findings, coconut seed oil has a yield percentage of 20.11%, a pH of 5.03, a refractive index of 0.81, and a specific gravity of 0.97. 208.61 mg KOH/g of saponification value, Acid value of 4.207mgKOH, peroxide value of 33.20mgKOH/kg, and iodine value of 12.54gI/100g. Using the fundamental ingredients of moisturizer(s), emulsifier system, water, and preservative, body moisturising cream was created in the lab. The percentage yield, colour, specific gravity, and pH of the created cream were assessed and compared to commercial cream. Evaluation revealed that the manufactured cream met requirements and had acceptable moisturization. The body lotion made from coconut oil had a constant texture, showed little patch reactivity, and smelled well.&#x0D; Conclusion: Since coconut seed oil cream has superior quality than commercial body lotion, it can be utilised for cosmetic purposes.

Unlocking the potential: Cost-efficient and sustainable synthesis of polyglycerol ester derivatives from industrial by-products, surface properties evaluation and development of moisturizing creams

Vegetable oil refineries by-products are the new opportunity for adding value. Purpose of the present study involves cost-effective synthesis of polyglycerol esters using distilled soya acid oil (DSAO) and glycerol and its value addition by formulating cosmetic creams. Base catalysed polymerization of glycerol was done at 250 ℃. Acid catalysed esterification of DSAO with polyglycerols was done at 210 °C. Varying molar ratios of DSAO and PG, The PGEs with different HLB was synthesized and its effect on surface properties/emulsifiability was analysed. Surface tension of 0.1% w/v aq. solution of the PGEs was dropdown to 31.55 mNm−1 from 72.08 mNm−1 while the interfacial tension was reduced to 4.81 mNm−1 from 48.5 mNm−1. The “critical micelle concentration” of six PGEs was observed between 15.8 mgL−1 to 69.7 mgL−1. Emulsifiability of the PG(2)ME, PG(3)ME and PG(3)DE was very good with vegetable oils than other emulsifiers. Characterization of PGs and PGEs were done by using FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Moisturizing creams were developed by using PGEs and GMS. The physicochemical characterizations and Thermal stability of the formulations was analysed compared to commercial creams. The PEG with desired HLB was synthesised and the moisturizing cream was successfully formulated by using cheaper and renewable emulsifier.

LB1716 Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate inhibits hyaluronidase activity and preserves hyaluronic acid level under UVB stress, contributing to skin moisture protection and aging fighting benefits

LB1716 Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate inhibits hyaluronidase activity and preserves hyaluronic acid level under UVB stress, contributing to skin moisture protection and aging fighting benefits

Skin Friction: Mechanical and Tribological Characterization of Different Papers Used in Everyday Life.

The coefficient of friction for different contacting materials against skin is mainly influenced by the nature of the materials (synthetic and natural fabrics), mechanical contact parameters (interfacial pressure and sliding velocities), and physiological skin conditions (ambient humidity and skin moisture content). In the present research work, seven different types of papers used in everyday life were analyzed. The physical properties of these materials were determined through tensile tests and friction tests. By comparing mechanical properties with coefficient of friction, it was possible to conclude that the coefficient of friction is strongly correlated with the mechanical properties.

A hyaluronic acid-based micro-filler improves superficial wrinkles and skin quality: a randomized prospective controlled multicenter study

BackgroundNCTF®135HA is a bio-revitalizing solution containing hyaluronic acid designed to compensate for skin dehydration, fatigue, and fine wrinkles associated with endogenous and environmental aging.MethodsWe conducted a randomized, active-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of NCTF®135HA injections on the face (crow’s feet), neck, and décolleté regions. Subjects were randomly assigned (3:1) to receive three NCTF®135HA treatment sessions plus twice-daily anti-aging moisturizer cream or cream alone (control). The primary outcome was the reduction in superficial wrinkles between baseline and Day (D)75 in the three areas, assessed by profilometric measures, clinical scoring, subjective changes, and tolerability.Results146 subjects were randomized to NCTF®135HA (n = 107) or control (n = 38). At D75 and D120, NCTF®135HA significantly reduced wrinkles in all three areas and improved facial radiance scores compared with the control. Skin hydration significantly increased 7 d after the last NCTF®135HA injection. Self-esteem scales showed statistically significant improvements at D75 and D120 in subjects treated with NCTF®135HA versus baseline. Most adverse events were mild, resolved within 48 h, and were related to the injection procedure.ConclusionNCTF®135HA is an effective and well-tolerated treatment to reduce the skin signs of aging. The results are significantly superior to a routine anti-aging cream alone.(Funded by Laboratories FILLMED; ID-RCB number: 2018-A03167-48; clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT05609617)