Unlocking the potential: Cost-efficient and sustainable synthesis of polyglycerol ester derivatives from industrial by-products, surface properties evaluation and development of moisturizing creams

Abstract

Vegetable oil refineries by-products are the new opportunity for adding value. Purpose of the present study involves cost-effective synthesis of polyglycerol esters using distilled soya acid oil (DSAO) and glycerol and its value addition by formulating cosmetic creams. Base catalysed polymerization of glycerol was done at 250 ℃. Acid catalysed esterification of DSAO with polyglycerols was done at 210 °C. Varying molar ratios of DSAO and PG, The PGEs with different HLB was synthesized and its effect on surface properties/emulsifiability was analysed. Surface tension of 0.1% w/v aq. solution of the PGEs was dropdown to 31.55 mNm−1 from 72.08 mNm−1 while the interfacial tension was reduced to 4.81 mNm−1 from 48.5 mNm−1. The “critical micelle concentration” of six PGEs was observed between 15.8 mgL−1 to 69.7 mgL−1. Emulsifiability of the PG(2)ME, PG(3)ME and PG(3)DE was very good with vegetable oils than other emulsifiers. Characterization of PGs and PGEs were done by using FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Moisturizing creams were developed by using PGEs and GMS. The physicochemical characterizations and Thermal stability of the formulations was analysed compared to commercial creams. The PEG with desired HLB was synthesised and the moisturizing cream was successfully formulated by using cheaper and renewable emulsifier.