Lotion Research Articles

Formulation and Assessment of polyherbal body lotion infused with Indigenous medicinal plants extracts

Purpose: Indigenous herbal medicinal plant neem, tulsi and aloe vera are widely used in homemade preparation as well as commercial in cosmetics preparation due to established efficacy and safety profile. Aim: This study aims to formulate and evaluation polyherbal body lotion incorporating tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), and neem (Azadirachta indica). Approach: The method involved formulation of poly herbal body lotion incorporating hydro-alcoholic extracts from these herbs followed by comprehensive laboratory based assessments of physicochemical parameters such as pH, washability, spreadability, stability to ensure product quality and effectiveness along with sensory evaluations like skin irritation, smoothness, and user acceptability. Result: In accordance to results, the polyherbal body lotion demonstrated satisfactory formulatory assessed physicochemical parameters which ensure product quality and accepted smoothness and hydration to skin with no reported allergy. Conclusion: The findings suggest that this herbal body lotion is a promising natural alternative to synthetic skincare products, offering enhanced skin protection and moisturization.

Innovative lamellar crystals-based facial treatment cream with Tubtimsiam pomelo peel extract

This study examined the antioxidant activity of Tabtimsiam pomelo peel extract (Citrus Maxima Burm.f. Merr) and developed facial cream with lamellar crystals. The results of the analysis total phenolic content with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent assay and total flavonoid content with Aluminium chloride colourimetric assay equal to 48.59 ± 0.66 mg GAE g–1 extract and 184.70 ± 7.04 mg QE g–1 extract, respectively. The result of antioxidants activity with DPPH radical scavenging activity reported by IC50 equal to 63.24 ± 16.57 mg mL–1. The development of facial cream with innovative lamellar crystals compared to base cream found that products containing lamellar crystals more stable than base cream and observed by the visual test with a Microscope under Polarized light found that maltiness cross evenly distributed. Finally, the test of facial cream containing Tubtimsiam pomelo peel extract volume 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% w w–1 compared with base cream after used 4 weeks found that the highest moisturizing was cream containing extract 0.2% w w–1 equal to 247 ± 1.26 μS and glassy skin when visual skin by Dino-Lite camera. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT HIGHLIGHTS Structure lamellar crystal of facial treatment cream containing Tubtimsiam pomelo peel extract after used 4 weeks found that the highest moisturizing was cream containing extract 0.2% w w–1 equal to 247 ± 1.26 μS and glassy skin

An analysis on the relationship between safety measures and dermatological complaints among printing industry workers in Bangladesh

Background: Work-related skin diseases occupy approximately 50 percent of total occupational illnesses and areresponsible for an estimated 25 percent of all lost workdays globally in many industries including printing industries.This study aimed to reveal the characteristics of dermatological problems and safety measures among printing workersin Bangladesh. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 196 conveniently sampledprinting workers from 51 factories in September 2018. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. A logistic regression model was applied to estimate the risk factors for dermatologicalproblems. Results: Among 196 respondents 74.0% experienced dermatological problems after joining a printingjob. Only 30.1% of respondents were found using personal protective equipment (PPE). No use of PPE, barriercream, hand washing more than 4 times a day, and duty in the printing process had a significant association with skinproblems (P<0.001). In the printing process, the workers who handled papers, chemicals, and machines and wereinvolved in cleaning machinery had a higher prevalence of dermatological problems. Logistic regression analysisshowed a significant association of skin problems among printing workers in Bangladesh with male (OR 0.23; 95%CI 0.06–0.98), higher monthly salaries (OR 17.98; 95% CI 3.14–103.08) and shorter daily work hours (OR 0.01;95% CI 0.01–0.56). Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of dermatological problems among printingworkers in Bangladesh. PPE usage, avoiding excessive hand washing, and hand cream would be helpful in avoidingdermatological problems among printing workers in Bangladesh.

Development and validation of PBPK models for genistein and daidzein for use in a next-generation risk assessment.

All cosmetic ingredients must be evaluated for their safety to consumers. In the absence of in vivo data, systemic concentrations of ingredients can be predicted using Physiologically based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. However, more examples are needed to demonstrate how they can be validated and applied in Next-Generation Risk Assessments (NGRA) of cosmetic ingredients. We used a bottom-up approach to develop human PBPK models for genistein and daidzein for a read-across NGRA, whereby genistein was the source chemical for the target chemical, daidzein. An oral rat PBPK model for genistein was built using PK-Sim® and in vitro ADME input data. This formed the basis of the daidzein oral rat PBPK model, for which chemical-specific input parameters were used. Rat PBPK models were then converted to human models using human-specific physiological parameters and human in vitro ADME data. In vitro skin metabolism and penetration data were used to build the dermal module to represent the major route of exposure to cosmetics. The initial oral rat model for genistein was qualified since it predicted values within 2-fold of measured in vivo PK values. This was used to predict plasma concentrations from the in vivo NOAEL for genistein to set test concentrations in bioassays. Intrinsic hepatic clearance and unbound fractions in plasma were identified as sensitive parameters impacting the predicted Cmax values. Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses indicated the developed PBPK models had a moderate level of confidence. An important aspect of the development of the dermal module was the implementation of first-pass metabolism, which was extensive for both chemicals. The final human PBPK model for daidzein was used to convert the in vitro PoD of 33nM (from an estrogen receptor transactivation assay) to an external dose of 0.2% in a body lotion formulation. PBPK models for genistein and daidzein were developed as a central component of an NGRA read-across case study. This will help to gain regulatory confidence in the use of PBPK models, especially for cosmetic ingredients.

A Comprehensive and Innovative Chemical Experimental Teaching: Extraction and Identification of Tea Polyphenols from Pu 'er Tea and the Application in Hand Cream Making

A Comprehensive and Innovative Chemical Experimental Teaching: Extraction and Identification of Tea Polyphenols from Pu 'er Tea and the Application in Hand Cream Making

Socially appropriate projects based on Termite Mound for the assistance of low-income clusters of rural societies

Abstract— In this Century, there has been tremendous development in applying the principles of engineering for the well-being of society because of advancements made in science, innovation, and technology. Science and innovation are helping us to answer for the upliftment of society. Engineering students of our institution undertook a 6-month-long project and addressed the issues faced by people from marginalized economic backgrounds. The study included farmers,women, and diabetic patients. The students conducted a review of this population by undertaking a survey. The students developed low-cost and easily affordable products developed from Termite mounds such as biofertilizers, biocontrol, mosquito repellant, and natural face cream. Due to the introduction of this Project course into the curriculum of the university, there has been tremendous improvement in the livelihood of the study population. The products developed by the students were provided to the study population and it has shown improvement in the daily life of the study population. The initiatives taken by the students and their faculty mentors have helped to improve the factors in the fields of agriculture, health, and the environment. Thus, this project course can be applied by every engineering institution for the assistance of low-income clusters of rural societies. Keywords— Biofertilizer; community service project; mosquito repellent; natural face cream

Bioprospecting of sea cucumber (Holothuria sp.) as industries and functional foods for human health

Sea cucumber inhabit scattered throughout the world's in tropical, subtropical and cool waters and known high protein of marine species and bioactive compounds as well as essential and non-essential amino acids that very important for the human health. Even sea cucumbers as a potential food source have become raw materials for the health pharmaceutical industries and as a source of food that is expensive. The bioactive compounds of sea cucumbers as amino acid namely steroids, saponins, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glycine, histidine, arginine, threonine, alanine, proline, thyrosine, valine, methioni, systein, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine, linoleic-, oleic, omega-3, O-6, O-9, EPA and DHA. These complex bioactive compounds is beneficial for heart and blood vessel health, anticoagulant, plays an active role in curing osteoarthritis, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antitumor, antihypertensive, anticancer, antifungal, as well as cytotoxic activity. Some research to investigate the benefits of sea cucumber bioactive compounds has created business opportunities that are processed from raw materials of fresh, frozen and dried sea cucumbers. The market products are snack packaging such as sea cucumber crackers, sea cucumber tea, sea cucumber sardines, ready-to-eat frozen sea cucumber. Sea cucumber derivative products for health have produced as supplement, capsules and skincare products in a variety of serum products, creams, body lotions, shampoos and soaps. Bioprospection of sea cucumbers which are very rich in nutrients that are important for human health as a supplement to maintain health, sufferers and the healing stage, also really supports the growth stages of children and overcomes aging.

Pengaruh Citra Merek, Kualitas Produk, Harga, Serta Celebrity Endorser Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Pada Produk Scarlet Di Yogya Mall Brebes

This research aims to explore the consequences of brand image, product quality, price, and celebrity endorsers on consumers' tendency to buy Scarlet Whitening Body Lotion products again. Survey participants included consumers who bought and used Scarlet Whitening Body Lotion products from Yogya Mall Brebes, with a total of 464 people. The research sample was taken as much as 25% of the population, namely 116 respondents, with the implementation of random selection procedures. The information collection equipment used is a questionnaire that has been tested for validity, reliability, and meets the assumptions of classical responses. The data were tested by multiple regression analysis, t test, F test, as well as coefficient of determination. The results show that brand image has a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions. Product variables have no effect on purchasing decisions, price and celebrity endorsers have no effect on purchasing decisions. In totality, brand image, product quality, price, and celebrity endorsers have an influence on the purchase decision of Scarlet Whitening Body Lotion products.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HAND AND BODY LOTION FROM PURPLE SWEET POTATO (IPOMOEA BATATAS L.) PEEL EXTRACT AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

Objective: This study aims to investigate the antioxidant activity of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) peel extract. The goal is to determine the levels of antioxidant activity in hand and body lotion formulas that use purple sweet potato peel extract as an antioxidant agent and to evaluate the formulas to identify the one with the best physical stability.
 Methods: The antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical inhibition method. Physical stability of the hand and body lotion formula was evaluated within 4 w storage at room temperature, the evaluation was based on measurements of various lotion characteristics such as organoleptic properties, pH, homogeneity, viscosity, phase separation, and spreadability.
 Results: The results of this study showed that the purple sweet potato peel extract exhibited antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 44.582±1.19 ppm. The antioxidant activity of the hand and body lotion formulas had IC50 values of 83.319±1.01, 63.181±0.97, and 24.107±0.63 ppm for formulas containing 1,3, and 5% extracts, respectively. The hand and body lotion formula containing 3% extract demonstrated the best physical stability, as it remained physically stable after being stored at room temperature for 4 w.
 Conclusion: The extract of purple sweet potato peel presented very strong antioxidant activity and has great potential for use in hand and body lotion formulas as an antioxidant agent.

PENGARUH BRAND AMBASSADOR DAN SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK KECANTIKAN SCARLETT WHITENING

This research was conducted because of the phenomenon that Scarlett Whitening is the best-selling top brand body lotion and uses marketing techniques such as brand ambassadors and social media marketing, so this study aims to determine the effect of brand ambassadors and social media marketing on purchasing decisions for Scarlett Whitening skincare products. The type of research used in this research is quantitative. The population used in this study were students from several campuses in the city of Medan. The number of respondents consisted of 100 people, using nonprobability sampling technique and determining the sample using purposive sampling. The results of the study show that brand ambassadors and social media marketing have a positive and significant effect on the purchase decision of Scarlett Whitening, either partially or simultaneously. The results of the research on the R Square value show that the brand ambassador and social media marketing variables explain the effect of purchasing decisions by 75.5%, while the remaining 24.5% is explained by other unknown variables in this study.

Identifikasi hidroquinon dalam lotion pemutih dengan metode kromatografi lapis tipis

Background: Cosmetics have been widely used to enhance the appearance and make it look more attractive. One of the most commonly used cosmetics is lotion. As science and technology progress, many lotions are introduced to the market. As pharmaceutical regulations require, not all lotion products are safe, effective, and of high quality. However, many losses are caused by whitening lotion products in circulation, one of which is the addition of hydroquinone, a whitening substance that can cause damage to the skin.Objectives: This study aims to identify the hydroquinone content contained in whitening lotion.Methods: Experimental research using the Thin Layer Chromatography (KLT) method to test lotions for hazardous ingredients. It was conducted at the Chemistry Laboratory of Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh in June 2022. Materials are whitening hand body lotion available online and not branded as many as five samples—determination of criteria, namely, low prices, high demand, and instant results. The single variable used in this study determines the presence or absence of hydroquinone in lotion samples.Results: This study has shown that five whitening lotion samples are positive. Sample S4 contains hydroquinone with an Rf value of 0,55 (< 0,05). Meanwhile, samples S1, S2, S3, and S5 were negative for hydroquinone.Conclusion: Some lotions tested have met the requirements of BPOM regulations and are safe to use, but one lotion is unsafe to use because it contains high hydroquinone.

Antimicrobial properties and skin compatibility of a new emollient (body lotion) containing octenidine and silver citrate for atopic skin

Antimicrobial properties and skin compatibility of a new emollient (body lotion) containing octenidine and silver citrate for atopic skin

Antioxidant Face Cream Formulation of Ethanol Extract from Soursop leaves (Annona muricata L)

Face cream is a treatment cream used to treat facial skin. One of the natural plant ingredients that can be used as an active substance in cream preparations is soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) which have antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to formulate cream preparations from soursop leaf ethanol extract as well as the antioxidant activity of face cream preparations. Soursop leaves were extracted by maceration using a 96% ethanol solvent. Cream preparations in physical quality evaluation include organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, viscosity, spread power, sticking power, centrifugation, determination of emulsion type, and antioxidant activity test with DPPH method at 𝜆 511,5 nm using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The results that organoleptic cream preparations had color differences. The pH of FI, FII, and FIII creams had an average yield of 6,0-6,6 and were homogeneous. All creams had a viscosity value of 49950 cPs and scatter power at 5,2-5,7 cm. FI, FII, and FIII creams fixed power test with an average value of 26,5-46,5 and physically stable at centrifugation tests with cream emulsion type of O/W. Based on the antioxidant activity, the facial creams of ethanol extract from soursop leaves of FI (3%), FII (5%), and FIII (7%) had IC50 values of 80,64, 46,06, and 10,91 ppm respectively. So this study concluded that the facial cream of ethanol extract from soursop leaves at FI, FII, and FIII meet the physical stability requirements based on organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, viscosity, scatter power, clinging power, centrifugation, and emulsion type tests. FI cream had strong antioxidant activity (IC50 value of 80,64 ppm), then FII and FIII had very strong antioxidant activity (IC50 value of 46,06 and 10,91 ppm. Keywords: Cream, Formulation, Antioxidant, Ethanol extract, Soursop leaves

Fractionation of lignin using eco-friendly organic cosolvent and preparation of light-colored lignin micro-nanoparticles for sustainable natural sunscreens

The inherent challenges posed by lignin, such as its high heterogeneity, complex structure and dark color, have impeded its widespread high-value utilization. In the present study, a green cosolvent system comprising ethanol (EtOH) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) was employed for the fractional separation of alkali lignin. Through careful manipulation of the solvent ratio, interactions between the solvents and lignin were effectively regulated, leading to the reduction of lignin heterogeneity and the isolation of lignin fractions with distinct properties. Notably, a high yield of up to 35.65% of lignin with desirable characteristics, including a light color, low molecular weight, and high hydroxyl groups content, was achieved. Furthermore, this specific lignin fraction exhibited enhanced UV absorption and antioxidative properties, rendering it highly suitable for potential applications in sun protection products. When incorporated as micro-nano particles, it exhibited great compatibility with hand creams and elevated their sun protection factor (SPF). This innovative approach not only presents a green and straightforward lignin fractionation process but also highlights the untapped potential of lignin in the realm of sun protection applications.

Analisis Classical Conditioning dalam Menguji Pengaruh Endorser Selebriti pada Citra Merek dan Niat Pembelian Produk and Hand Body Lotion Nivea

In contemporary marketing, companies widely employ strategies utilizing celebrity endorsements, significantly impacting consumers' purchasing intentions due to their effectiveness in advertising. Consumer attitudes toward these celebrity endorsers play a pivotal role in disseminating their effectiveness to fellow consumers. This research focuses on Nivea hand and body lotion consumers in Semarang City, aiming to establish a model, formulate hypotheses, identify indicators, and examine the impact of attitudes toward celebrity endorsers and their appeal on purchase intentions, with brand image acting as an intervening factor. Data collection involved surveying 150 respondents, selected via purposive sampling, who reside in Semarang City, are at least seventeen years old, and have used Nivea hand and body lotion at least once. Quantitative and structural analysis of the data was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), employing Analysis Moment of Structural (AMOS) version 24 as the analytical tool. The analysis reveals a significant and positive relationship between consumers' attitudes toward celebrity endorsers and brand image, as well as between these attitudes and purchase intentions. Additionally, the appeal of celebrity endorsers significantly influences brand image and purchase intentions. Ultimately, brand image exhibits a positive and substantial association with consumers' purchase intentions for Nivea hand and body lotion.

A liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of up to eighteen cannabinoids in hemp-derived products

A LC-ESI/MS/MS method was developed for quantification of up to eighteen cannabinoids, the maximum number published so far. A thorough study of published LC-ESI/MS/MS methods using triple quadrupole mass spectrometers revealed a possible misconception that multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was able to definitively differentiate structural isomers of cannabinoids, especially Δ8-/Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which explained why many of those methods were developed for a limited number of cannabinoids, as small as two, and did not include Δ8-THC. In this study, the use of a quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer for targeted analysis indicated that MRM could not definitively distinguish structural isomers of Δ9-THC, with a possible exception of cannabicyclol (CBL) for less accurate quantification, so their baseline separation was essential for their accurate quantification. After the developed method was successfully validated according to the ISO 17025 guidelines, it was further applied for the analysis of eighteen hemp-derived products, including drinks, water-soluble oils, topical serum, body lotion, face cream, lip balm, gummies, hard candy, coffee, snacks, and pet treats. The LOQ was 0.00008% (w/w) for drinks with the analysis of 12.5 mg/mL extracts, while the LOQ was 0.008% (w/w) for other samples because 125 μg/mL extracts were analyzed due to higher content of cannabinoids in non-drink samples. For the first-time, extraction recovery and matrix effect were tracked in real-time for each sample being analyzed, obtaining 92.9–106.3% and 91.3–120.2% in triplicate measurements, respectively, by spiking abnormal cannabidiol (ACBD), a cannabinoid not naturally present in hemp, into each sample before extraction and ACBD-d3 into each sample after extraction.

Hydroquinone Levels in Whitening Body Lotion Circulating in Makassar City by the UV-Vis Spectrophotometry Method

Hydroquinone is an active compound that is able to control pigment production to inhibit melanin formation and has activity as a skin whitening agent, so hydroquinone is widely used in cosmetic products. Hydroquinone has adverse side effects if used for a long time. BPOM RI has issued a regulation on the prohibition on the use of hydroquinone as a bleach in cosmetics. The purpose of this study was to identify the hydroquinone content in whitening handbody samples circulating in Makassar City and to find out the level of hydroquinone contained in the sample. Qualitative analysis is carried out using FeCl₃ reagents and quantitative analysis using the UV-VIS spectrophotometry method. The number of samples used in this study was as many as 4 samples that did not have a registration number from BPOM RI. The results showed that the 4 samples studied positively contained hydroquinone. The results of the sample test measured at a maximum wavelength of 292 nm, obtained hydroquinone levels at the sample code HB1 = 1.267%; sample code HB2 = 0.912%; sample code HB3 = 0.379% and sample code HB4 = 0.449%.

Effect of Essential Oil Types on The Physical Characteristics and Consumer Preference Level of Antiaging Body Lotion that Contain NLC-Coenzyme Q10

Lavender oil and lime oil contain linalool which has a relaxing effect. This oil has potential as a fragrance in antiaging body lotion products containing Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in the Nanostructured Lipid Carriers System (NLC). This study aimed to analyzed the physical characteristics and consumer preference level for anti aging body lotion containing NLC-CoQ10. NLC-CoQ10 was prepared using the High Shear Homogenization method. For F1 (Formula 1), NLC-CoQ10 is mixed with a gel base and lavender oil. For F2 (Formula 2), the type of essential oil added is lime oil. These two forms when compared with F0 (Formula 0 = formula without essential oils). The physical properties observed included organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, spreadability, and viscosity. Organoleptic test and homogeneity were analyzed descriptively. While the pH, spreadability, and viscosity were analyzed using One Way Anova. In the preference level test, the aspect that is assessed is aroma. This test was analyzed statistically using the Univariate method. Based on the physical characteristic test, it is known that the three formulas have the same color, consistency, and homogeneity. The difference between the three formulas lies in their aroma. F0 is unscented; F1 has a lavender scent; F2 has a lime scent. The viscosity of the three formulas is also different but does not affect the spreadability value. Based on the aroma preference level test, it is known that F2 has the highest value. The type of essential oil affects the aroma and level of preference of the panelists. The most preferred formula is a formula containing lime oil.
 Keyword: Anti-aging; Body Lotion; Koenzim Q10; Lavender Oil; Lime Oil

Formulation and Evaluation of a Herbal Facial Cream Containing Tulsi and Mentha Oil for Treatment of Conventional Acne Vulgaris Treatment

Herbal cream is a treatment that people use for treating different skin problems. Propionibacterium acne and Staphylococcus epidermis are two examples of the bacteria known to cause acne pus. In order to tackle this acne vulgaris etiologic factor, the current research focuses on creating and analyzing a herbal cream. The present recipe includes rose water, methylparaben, borax, bees wax, liquid paraffin, Tulsi extract, Mentha extract, Tridax Procumbens. To make the herbal cream, use the aqueous phase. We evaluated the pH, spread ability, stability, and in-vitro diffusion of the produced Cream. The presence of the active ingredient Tulsi was found to be matching the formulations color, foreign particles, etc. were examined. Following application, it was found that the Cream was simple to spread across a skin surface evenly and smoothly.

Exposure estimates of parabens from personal care products compared with biomonitoring data in human hair from Northeast China

Parabens (PBs), a class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), are extensively used as additives in personal care products (PCPs); however, distinguishing between endogenous and exogenous contamination from PCPs in hair remains a challenge. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the levels, distribution patterns, impact factors, and sources of PBs in 119 human hair samples collected from Changchun, northeast China. The detection rates of methylparaben (MeP), propylparaben (PrP), and ethylparaben (EtP) in hair samples were found to be 100%. The concentration of PBs in hair followed the order of MeP (57.48 ng/g) > PrP (46.40 ng/g) > EtP (6.80 ng/g). The concentration of PrP in female hair was significantly higher (65.38 ng/g) than that observed in male hair (7.82 ng/g) (p < 0.05). The levels of excretion rates of MeP (ERMeP) and excretion rates of PrP (ERPrP) in the hair-dying samples (ERMeP: 17.89 ng/day; ERPrP: 14.15 ng/day) were found to be 2.52 and 2.40 times higher, respectively, compared to the non-hair-dying samples (ERMeP: 7.09 ng/day; ERPrP: 6.05 ng/day). However, the system exposure dosage (SED) results revealed that although hair dyes exhibited higher PBs, human exposure was found to be lower than certain PCPs. The results of the correlation analysis revealed that toner, face cream, body lotion, and hair conditioner were identified as the primary sources of PBs in male hair. Furthermore, the human exposure resulting from the utilization of female hair dye and serum exhibited a positive correlation with hair ERMeP and ERPrP levels, indicating in the screening of samples, excluding hair samples using hair dye and haircare essential oil can effectively avoid the interference caused by exogenous contamination from PCPs.