Survival Time Of Skin Grafts Research Articles

On prolonged survival of massive skin allografts in mice.

A new method for performing massive skin grafts involving 30–40% of the total body skin was developed. Massive skin grafts were made across H-2 differences in inbred mice. In four different situations of antigenic disparity, the survival time of massive skin grafts was between 2.0 and 2.6 times greater than that of small (1.3 X 1.3 cm) grafts. In contrast, minute (0.3 X 0.3 cm) grafts showed a shorter survival time. To investigate the mechanism underlying the prolonged survival of massive grafts, experiments were done with placement of massive grafts followed by small grafts, and with simultaneous placement of massive and small grafts. The mechanism proved to be complex, with three factors contributing: a nonspecific depression of immune reactivity, possibly due to the stress reaction caused by the initial operation and postoperative trauma; a depression in immunological reactivity specific for the type of skin transplanted, possibly due to transient immune tolerance; and a nonspecific reaction dependent upon the relation between the size of the graft and the cellular dynamics of the rejection process.

Histocompatibility antigens in the rat: the AS2 strain in relation to the AS, BS and HS strains.

SummaryThe origin of the inbred albino rat strain AS2 is described. With the exception of weak male → female incompatibility, the strain appears to be isohistogenic and homozygous at all loci determining histocompatibility antigens. The weak antigen distinguishing males from otherwise isohistogenic females is identical in the AS2 and HS strains. The AS2 strain possesses at least one histocompatibility antigen in common with each of strains AS, BS and HS. The AS. BS and HS strains possess identical alleles at a major histocompatibility locus at which they differ from the AS2 strain. Donor‐host disparity at this locus regularly leads to the development of local graft versus host reactions following the injection of 50 × 106 normal parental strain spleen cells beneath the renal capsule of F1 hybrids. Where donor and host are compatible at this locus, despite disparity at up to 3 other loci determining strong antigens, local graft versus host reactions do not occur following normal spleen cell transfer, although they occur somewhat irregularly if specifically sensitised spleen donors are used. It therefore seems likely that this major locus is the Ag‐B locus. Mean skin graft survival times are only slightly shorter in Ag‐B incompatible combinations than in those combinations which are compatible at Ag‐B hut differ in respect of other strong histocompatibility antigens. Parental strain → F2 hybrid skin grafts show the closely related AS and AS2 strains to differ from each other at an estimated 4‐5 histocompatibility loci, one of which is the Ag‐B locus.

Skin graft survival times in human donor-recipient pairs selected on the basis of lymphocyte typing

Skin graft survival times in human donor-recipient pairs selected on the basis of lymphocyte typing

The Contrasting Immunosuppressant Effects of Acriflavine and Dietary Restriction

Summary One course of acriflavine given 2 days before and continued for 14 days after the initial i.v. injection of 100 mg BSA and 25 mg BGG induced a prolonged degree of immune paralysis in some rabbits. Acriflavine treatment minimally prolonged the survival time of rabbit allogencic skin grafts. Daily vitamin supplements had no effect upon the immune response in control or acriflavine-treated animals. A 28-day period of dietary restriction beginning on the day of the initial i.v. injection of 100 mg BSA and 25 mg BGG caused suppression of the early phases of immunogenesis but did not induce a prolonged degree of immune paralysis. The immunosuppressant effect of the dietary restriction employed in these experiments could not be accounted for on the basis of serum protein depletion and was not reversed completely by daily vitamin supplements. Immune sera may exhibit distinct differences in their precipitating and hemagglutinating capacities, indicating the need for more than one parameter of antibody assay when a quantitative immunochemical measure of the primary interaction between an antibody and its specific antigen is not available.

TRANSPLANTATION TOLERANCE INDUCED IN ADULT MICE BY PROTEIN OVERLOADING OF DONORS.

Treatment of donor animals with unrelated antigens can regularly inhibit reactivity of spleen cells against the host, with subsequent induction of specific immune tolerance in the recipient animals if the barrier to histocompatibility is weak. Mice made tolerant in this way accept skin grafts from donor strain animals. In the case of strong differences (in H(2) locus) or heterologous (rat-mouse) combinations, the inhibition of the reactivity of the transferred lymphoïd cells against the host is partial, and the skin-graft survival time is significantly prolonged.

SURVIVAL-TIME OF SKIN GRAFTS IN RABBITS COMPARED WITH RESULTS OBTAINED FROM AN INVESTIGATION OF LEUCOCYTE INTRADERMAL TESTS.

RECENT work has shown that leucocytes both of animals1–5 and of human beings6–8 possess histo-compatibility antigens which they share with other tissues. For this reason leucocyte tests both in vivo and in vitro have been used to determine the degree of compatibility between prospective donors and recipients of tissue grafts.

CONSECUTIVE SKIN GRAFTING IN SWISS-WEBSTER MICE.

Werder and Hardin1,2 have reported that splenectomy prolongs the survival time of homologous skin grafts on CFW mice, and that application of consecutive, randomly selected homografts would produce permanent survival of homologous skin grafts on heterozygous CFW mice. In view of this unexpected finding and its possible significance to present theories of the mechanisms of homograft rejection, a similar investigation was made in a strain of non-inbred mice.

Skin homograft survival in thymectomized mice.

SummaryThe effect of thymectomy performed in mice either at birth or at 30 days of age on survival time of homologous skin grafts was studied. The results demonstrate that in certain donor-host strain combinations isogenic at the H-2 locus such as DBA/2 with (Balb/C X DBA/2)F1 and Z(C3H) with Ce, previous thymectomy of the host resulted in prolonged survival of the skin homografts. However, in other strain combinations differing at the H-2 locus such as Z(C3H) with (A X Z)F1 hybrid, thymectomy of the recipient resulted in a slight and perhaps unsignificant prolongation of skin homograft survival.