Skin Aging Process Research Articles

Anti-aging potential of Cephalotaxus harringtonia extracts: the role of harringtonine and homoharringtonine in skin protection

Photoaging damages the skin layers. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays a crucial role in the central mechanism of photoaging. TNF-α production leads to direct damage to skin cells and facilitates the degradation of vital extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. TNF-α stimulates matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) activation This accelerates the loss of skin elasticity and wrinkle formation. Thus, preventing photoaging and delaying the skin aging process are important research objectives, and the development of new anti-aging substances that target the TNF-α and MMP-1 pathways is promising. In this context, the efficacies of four extracts derived from two types of Cephalotaxus harringtonia (CH) buds (CH-10Y-buds, CH-200Y-buds) and leaves (CH-10Y-leaves, CH-200Y-leaves) were investigated, exhibiting a significant reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS). Among the four extracts, CH-10Y-buds was the most effective in reducing ROS and exhibited the highest amounts of harringtonine and homoharringtonine. The activities of harringtonine, homoharringtonine, and ginkgetin were evaluated; harringtonine exhibited a high efficacy in inhibiting TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses and MMP-1 activation, thereby reducing collagen degradation. These findings suggest that CH-10Y-buds and their components herringtonin are promising candidates for preventing damage caused by photoaging. Our results can facilitate the development of new methods for maintaining skin health and inhibiting the skin aging process. Further research is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the potential efficacy of these candidate substances and investigate their applicability to actual skin. Such studies will aid in the development of more effective anti-aging strategies in the future.

An Updated Review on the Role of Phytoconstituents in Modulating Signalling Pathways to Combat Skin Ageing: Nature’s Own Weapons and Approaches

Abstract: Various geographical areas exhibit varying degrees of prevalence and severity of dermatological issues. The most commonly observed skin issues among adolescents during their growth period on a global scale encompass dry skin, dyspigmentation, wrinkles, fungal infections, as well as benign and malignant tumors. These conditions arise as a consequence of diminished functional capacity and heightened skin susceptibility. The primary manifestation of the whole process of skin ageing is its visual presentation, which encompasses changes in both the structure and function of the skin. The look and function of human skin exhibit particular variations as individuals age, representing a time-dependent phenomenon. This review article primarily examines the discussion surrounding the diverse phytoconstituents and their impact on signalling pathways in cellular metabolism, as well as their interaction with environmental factors and xenobiotic agents that contribute to skin aging. Ultraviolet (UV) light induces the rapid formation and subsequent accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within skin cells, hence accelerating oxidative stress and the ageing process of the skin. One effective approach to addressing age-related skin disorders entails the utilization of exogenous supplementation through the consumption of dietary antioxidants, as well as the application of antioxidant-based lotions to the skin prior to sun exposure. Several plant species include phenolic components, including ascorbic acid, ellagitannins, and carotenoids, which have the ability to protect the skin from harmful UV radiation, reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, and influence several survival signalling pathways. This comprehensive study elucidated multiple processes by which phytoconstituents exert their effects for intervention purposes. Additionally, it highlighted the ability of these phytoconstituents to modulate the NF-κB signalling pathway, MAPK signalling, Nrf2 signalling, and other pathways, hence demonstrating their potential anti-aging properties.

Molecular Mechanisms of Polyphenols in Management of Skin Aging.

The natural process of skin aging is influenced by a variety of factors, including oxidative stress, inflammation, collagen degradation, and UV radiation exposure. The potential of polyphenols in controlling skin aging has been the subject of much investigation throughout the years. Due to their complex molecular pathways, polyphenols, a broad class of bioactive substances present in large quantities in plants, have emerged as attractive candidates for skin anti-aging therapies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms through which polyphenols exert their anti-aging effects on the skin. Various chemical mechanisms contribute to reducing skin aging signs and maintaining a vibrant appearance. These mechanisms include UV protection, moisturization, hydration, stimulation of collagen synthesis, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory actions. These mechanisms work together to reduce signs of aging and keep the skin looking youthful. Polyphenols, with their antioxidant properties, are particularly noteworthy. They can neutralize free radicals, lessening oxidative stress that might otherwise cause collagen breakdown and DNA damage. The anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenols are explored, focusing on their ability to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, thereby alleviating inflammation and its detrimental effects on the skin. Understanding these mechanisms can guide future research and development, leading to the development of innovative polyphenol-based strategies for maintaining healthy skin.

Stachys byzantina K. Koch (Lamiaceae) as a potential ingredient for delaying skin ageing and treating hyperpigmentation disorders in pharmaceutical products.

This study aimed to investigate whether the plant species Stachys byzantina produces bioactives with the potential to delay the skin ageing process and treat hyperpigmentation conditions. The antioxidant action was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylradical scavenging, Griess reaction, oxygen radical absorption capacity, and β-carotene bleaching assays. Inhibitory activities for tyrosinase, hyaluronidase, and elastase enzymes were tested. The antiglycation activity, the sun protection factor (SPF), and the toxicity to skin cells by MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)assay were also evaluated. The ethanolic extract of S. byzantina aerial parts and all fractions obtained by solvent partition inhibited the tyrosinase enzyme at different levels. The dichloromethane fraction (DF) demonstrated the highest inhibition (IC50 = 63.5±10.9 µg/ml). DF also inhibited the hyaluronidase enzyme with IC50 = 369±11.64 μg/ml and elastase by 40% at 500 μg/ml. This fraction showed prominent antioxidant and antiglycation activities, high SPF, and no cytotoxicity at concentrations lower than 50 μg/ml. The phenolic and flavonoid contents were 116.30±6.7 (mgTAE/g) and 66.38±13.5 (mgQE/g), respectively. Chlorogenic acid (23.54±2.46mg/g) and verbascoside (203.97±19.8mg/g) were identified and quantified. Stachys byzantina is a potential source of cosmetic and therapeutic ingredients to reduce hyperpigmentation and the impacts caused by free radicals, advanced glycation end products, and sun radiation in skin ageing.

Unveiling New Horizons: Advancing Technologies in Cosmeceuticals for Anti-Aging Solutions

In the last years, the landscape of anti-aging cosmetics has been marked by significant advances in cosmeceutical delivery systems. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of these technological innovations, with a focus on anti-aging effects, from 2018 to 2023. The methodology included a thorough search on PubMed and through gray literature, applying rigorous exclusion criteria. The descriptors were selected based on the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). A total of 265 articles were found. Exclusion criteria were applied, and 90 of them were selected for full reading. After reading the full 90 articles, 52 were excluded, leaving 38 articles for final evaluation composing this review. The key findings highlighted a clear prevalence of studies exploring nanotechnology, including nanoparticles, niosomes, and liposomes. Most of the formulations analyzed in this review emphasize antioxidant activities, which play a crucial role in preventing premature aging caused by free radicals. The reviewed studies revealed specific activities, such as the reduction in melanin synthesis, the inhibition of enzymes involved in the skin aging process, and the prevention of morphological changes typical of aging.

Rapamycin Attenuates H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress-Related Senescence in Human Skin Fibroblasts.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the skin aging process. Rapamycin has been shown to have anti-aging effects, but its role in oxidative senescence of skin cells remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of rapamycin on oxidative stress-induced skin cell senescence and to illustrate the mechanism. Primary human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) were extracted and a model of H2O2-induced oxidative senescence was constructed, and the effects of rapamycin on their value-added and migratory capacities were detected by CCK-8 and scratch assays. SA-β-gal was utilized to detect senescence, oxidatively closely related factors were also assessed. Gene and protein expressions of senescence, oxidative, and autophagy were detected by western blotting and quantitative-PCR. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. Rapamycin (0.1nmol/L for 48h) promoted the proliferative and migration of H2O2-treated HSFs (p < 0.05), decreased senescent phenotypes SA-β-gal staining and the expression of P53, and MMP-1 proteins, and increased the expression level of COL1A-1 (p < 0.001). Rapamycin also enhanced the activities of SOD and HO-1, and effectively removed intracellular ROS, MDA levels (p < 0.05), in addition, autophagy-related proteins and genes were significantly elevated after rapamycin pretreatment (p < 0.001). Rapamycin upregulated the autophagy pathway to exert its protective effects. Our findings indicate that rapamycin shields HSFs from H2O2-induced oxidative damage, the mechanism is related to the reduction of intracellular peroxidation and upregulation of autophagy pathway. Therefore, rapamycin has the potential to be useful in the investigation and prevention of signs of aging and oxidative stress.

3D Models Currently Proposed to Investigate Human Skin Aging and Explore Preventive and Reparative Approaches: A Descriptive Review.

Skin aging is influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors that progressively impair skin functionality over time. Investigating the skin aging process requires thorough research using innovative technologies. This review explores the use of in vitro human 3D culture models, serving as valuable alternatives to animal ones, in skin aging research. The aim is to highlight the benefits and necessity of improving the methodology in analyzing the molecular mechanisms underlying human skin aging. Traditional 2D models, including monolayers of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, or melanocytes, even if providing cost-effective and straightforward methods to study critical processes such as extracellular matrix degradation, pigmentation, and the effects of secretome on skin cells, fail to replicate the complex tissue architecture with its intricated interactions. Advanced 3D models (organoid cultures, "skin-on-chip" technologies, reconstructed human skin, and 3D bioprinting) considerably enhance the physiological relevance, enabling a more accurate representation of skin aging and its peculiar features. By reporting the advantages and limitations of 3D models, this review highlights the importance of using advanced in vitro systems to develop practical anti-aging preventive and reparative approaches and improve human translational research in this field. Further exploration of these technologies will provide new opportunities for previously unexplored knowledge on skin aging.

Investigating the inhibitory effects of carotenoids-fortified Helix aspersa slime on oxidative stress, collagenase and tyrosinase enzyme activities.

The investigations of snail slime and its possible biological activities have been performed recently. This study aimed to evaluate the properties of Helix aspersa snail slime (HAS), and carotenoids-fortified slime (HASC). Snails were fed with carrots for 10 days. Slime was collected and extracted using water. Saponins identification, antioxidant, collagenase, and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition activities, carotenoids, total phenols, and flavonoids content, were determined. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis was performed for phytochemical characterization. Saponins were detected in the HAS extract only. However, HASC was shown to contain a higher carotenoid content than HAS (29.51 ± 0.4 vs. 18.11 ± 0.2 μg/g). similarly, total phenolic and flavonoid content were higher for the the HASC extract compared to the HAS (182.3 ± 5.2 vs. 150.28 ± 3.3 mg/g equivalent to gallic acid), and (77.62 ± 1.2 vs. 14.19 ± 0.9 mg/g equivalent to quercetin). As expected, the HASC extract exhibited higher antioxidant activity compared to the HAS, using DPPH and the ABTS assays (IC50 = 7.75 ± 0.14 vs. 20.1 ± 0.4 μg/mL), and (IC50 = 7.6 ± 0.26 vs. 19.57 ± 1.4 μg/mL). UHPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of several phytocomponents of which, hexadecanoic acid and ascorbic acid, were observed in the HASC extract. Furthermore, HASC extract exhibited superior inhibitory activity compared to HAS against collagenase and tyrosinase enzymes (IC50 = 8.4 ± 1.19 vs. 15.3 ± 1.12 μg/mL) and (IC50 = 30.1 ± 0.91 vs. 35 ± 1.3 μg/mL). These findings highlight the potential of HASC as a valuable ingredient in various pharmaceutical applications, due to their content of various phenolic, antioxidants, carotenoids, hexadecanoic, and ascorbic acids. The latter is well known for its great cosmeceutical applications used for slowing the process of skin aging.

Dermal Injection of Recombinant Filaggrin-2 Ameliorates UVB-Induced Epidermal Barrier Dysfunction and Photoaging.

The epidermal barrier is vital for protecting the skin from environmental stressors and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Filaggrin-2 (FLG2), a critical protein in the stratum corneum, plays a significant role in maintaining skin barrier homeostasis. However, the precise role of FLG2 in mitigating the adverse effects of UV-induced barrier disruption and photoaging remains poorly understood. In this study, we revealed that UVB exposure resulted in a decreased expression of FLG2 in HaCaT keratinocytes, which correlated with a compromised barrier function. The administration of recombinant filaggrin-2 (rFLG2) enhanced keratinocyte differentiation, bolstered barrier integrity, and offered protection against apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by UVB irradiation. Furthermore, in a UV-induced photodamage murine model, the dermal injection of rFLG2 facilitated the enhanced restoration of the epidermal barrier, decreased oxidative stress and inflammation, and mitigated the collagen degradation that is typical of photoaging. Collectively, our findings suggested that targeting FLG2 could be a strategic approach to prevent and treat skin barrier dysfunction and combat the aging effects associated with photoaging. rFLG2 emerges as a potentially viable therapy for maintaining skin health and preventing skin aging processes amplified by photodamage.

Beyond the genome: protecting the proteome may be the key to preventing skin aging.

Skin aging is associated with a progressive decline in physiological functions, skin cancers and, ultimately, death. It may be categorized as intrinsic or extrinsic, whereby intrinsic aging is attributed to chronological and genetic factors. At the molecular level, skin aging involves changes in protein conformation and function. The skin proteome changes constantly, mainly through carbonylation; an irreversible phenomenon leading to protein accumulation as toxic aggregates that impair cellular physiology and accelerate skin aging. This review details the central role of proteostasis during skin aging and why proteome protection may be a promising approach in mitigating skin aging. A comprehensive literature review of 87 articles focusing on the proteome, proteostasis, proteotoxicity, protein carbonylation, and the impact of the damaged proteome on aging, and in particular skin aging, was conducted. Skin aging is associated with deficiencies in the repair mechanisms of DNA, transcriptional control, mitochondrial function, cell cycle control, apoptosis, cellular metabolism, changes in hormonal levels secondary to toxicity of damaged proteins, and cell-to-cell communication for tissue homeostasis, which are largely controlled by proteins. In this context, a damaged proteome that leads to the loss of proteostasis may be considered as the first step in tissue aging. There is growing evidence that a healthy proteome plays a central role in skin and in maintaining healthy tissues, thus slowing down the process of skin aging. Hence, protecting the proteome against oxidative or other damage may be an appropriate strategy to prevent and delay skin aging.

Natural active ingredients in cosmetics for mature skin

The human skin performs key functions in the human body, while also being a reflection of the many changes occurring within it. The face, which is most exposed to external factors, is the area where the skin ageing process progresses most rapidly. The study aimed to review the most commonly used active ingredients in natural cosmetics for mature skin, available on the Polish cosmetics market. Raw materials of natural origin are a rich source of active substances, which are widely used in cosmetics. These substances not only moisturise, nourish, cleanse, soften and smooth the skin, but also stimulate circulation in blood vessels, eliminating redness and swelling. The use of active ingredients of natural origin can effectively maintain mature skin in good condition, significantly delaying the ageing processes occurring within it.

Boosting of retinol activity using novel lecithin: Retinol acyltransferase inhibitors.

Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is the main enzyme catalysing the esterification of retinol to retinyl esters and, hence, is of central importance for retinol homeostasis. As retinol, by its metabolite retinoic acid, stimulates fibroblasts to synthesize collagen fibres and inhibits collagen-degrading enzymes, the inhibition of LRAT presents an intriguing strategy for anti-ageing ingredients by increasing the available retinol in the skin. Here, we synthesized several derivatives mimicking natural lecithin substrates as potential LRAT inhibitors. By exploring various chemical modifications of the core scaffold consisting of a central amino acid and an N-terminal acylsulfone, we explored 10 different compounds in a biochemical assay, resulting in two compounds with IC50 values of 21.1 and 32.7 μM (compounds 1 and 2), along with a simpler arginine derivative with comparative inhibitory potency. Supported by computational methods, we investigated their structure-activity relationship, resulting in the identification of several structural features associated with high inhibition of LRAT. Ultimately, we conducted an exvivo study with human skin, demonstrating an increase of collagen III associated with a reduction of the skin ageing process. In conclusion, the reported compounds offer a promising approach to boost retinol abundance in human skin and might present a new generation of anti-ageing ingredients for cosmetic application.

A highly durable and biocompatible bionic collagen implant with exceptional anti-calcification and collagen regeneration capabilities for improved skin rejuvenation

Skin aging, a complex and inevitable biological process, considerably impacts an individual’s physical appearance and overall well-being. While collagen-based implants hold potential for skin rejuvenation, their clinical application is limited by the poor durability of non-crosslinked implants and the negative impacts of crosslinking agents, such as cytotoxicity and calcification. Herein, we report a highly durable and biocompatible bionic collagen implant for superior skin rejuvenation with advanced anti-calcification characteristics and enhanced collagen regeneration. Utilizing biomimetic self-assembly and covalent crosslinking approach, we successfully created long-lasting and biomimetic collagen implants with densely-packed collagen fibers. Crosslinking of collagen fibers with a low concentration of N-hydroxysuccinimide activated suberic acid (NHS-SA) was highly efficient, resulting in complete crosslinking and thicker collagen fiber formation with a uniform network structure. Compared with glutaraldehyde-crosslinked collagen fibers, NHS-SA-crosslinked assembled collagen fibers (NACF) demonstrated considerably improved thermal stability and durability. Furthermore, the NACF implant exhibited superior biocompatibility, establishing NHS-SA crosslinked collagen fibers as a safer and more bioactive choice for implant applications. In mouse subcutaneous implant models, the NACF implant outperformed other collagen implants, demonstrating exceptional biocompatibility, effective collagen regeneration, and excellent anti-calcification potential. The NACF implant shows immense promise in collagen regeneration, offering considerable potential to advance skin rejuvenation therapies.

Large-Scale Isolation of Milk Exosomes for Skincare.

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles in a cell culture. They are secreted by most cells and originate from the endosomal pathway. A variety of proteins, lipids, and genetic materials have been shown to be carried by exosomes. Once taken up by neighboring or distant cells, the bioactive compounds in exosomes can regulate the condition of recipient cells. Typically, producing exosomes in large quantities requires cell culture, resulting in high production costs. However, exosomes are abundant in milk and can be isolated on a large scale at a low cost. In our study, we found that milk exosomes can promote the synthesis and reconstruction of stratum corneum lipids, enhance skin barrier function, and provide greater protection for the skin. Furthermore, milk exosomes have anti-inflammatory properties that can reduce skin irritation, redness, and other symptoms, giving immediate relief. They also exhibit antioxidant activity, which helps neutralize free radicals and slows down the skin aging process. Additionally, milk exosomes inhibit melanin production, aiding in skin whitening. Ongoing research has uncovered the benefits of milk exosomes for skin improvement and their application in cosmetics, skin healthcare, and other fields, and these applications are continuing to expand.

Exploring Squalene's Impact on Epidermal Thickening and Collagen Production: Molecular Docking Insights

Background:: Aging is a progressive deterioration characterized by the gradual buildup of physiological alterations as time passes. The aging phenomenon encompasses various interconnected systems within the body, such as the skin, bones, cartilage, and hair. Objective and Methods: In this study, based on the appropriate properties of squalene, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin repair properties, a molecular docking study was designed for the drug squalene and proteins related to the dermis and epidermis pathway and collagen production (including Col3A1, Col1A2, FBN1, Decorin, and HAS2). Results and Discussion:: The docking results indicated that the interaction of squalene with hyaluronan synthetase 2 (HAS2) possessed the highest negative binding free energy value of -10.90 KCal/mol, followed by decorin with a value of -9.99 KCal/mol. Also, the inhibition constant values of squalene- HAS2 and squalene-decorin complexes were equal to 1.61 and 7.51 μM, respectively. It has been stated that decorin (as a small proteoglycan) and HAS2 are involved in controlling the assembly of skin fibrils and the biosynthesis of glucosaminoglycans, respectively. Conclusion:: Considering that proteoglycans and glucosaminoglycans play a role in the skin aging process, squalene may be used as an anti-aging agent to induce these pathways and for different purposes. Squalene may be used as a potential agent alone or in combination with other compounds in tissue engineering scaffolds for cosmetic, anti-aging, wound healing, and tissue repair applications.

Skin anti-aging potential of Launaea procumbens extract: Antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities supported by ADMET and molecular docking studies

Aging is a natural process that occurs in all living organisms. Particularly, the skin embodies aging since it serves as a barrier between the body and its surroundings. Previously, we reported the wound healing effect of Launaea procumbens and identified compounds therein. The study aims to explore the skin anti-aging properties of the plant extract. To that effect, the antioxidant potential of L. procumbens methanolic extract (LPM) was assessed using two complementary DPPH and FRAP assays. The enzyme inhibitory effect of the extract on collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase was evaluated to assess the direct skin anti-aging effects. Similarly, the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated to explore the indirect anti-aging effects via the assessment of extract inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). In addition, ADMET and molecular docking studies were performed to explore the interaction mechanisms of identified compounds in LPM with target enzymes. LPM demonstrated significant antioxidant activity in DPPH (IC50 = 29.08 µg/mL) and FRAP (1214.67 µM FeSO4/g extract) assays. Plant extract showed significant inhibition of collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase (IC50 = 52.68, 43.76, 31.031, and 37.13 µg/mL, respectively). The extract demonstrated significant COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibition capacity with IC50 values of 8.635 and 10.851 µg/mL, respectively. The molecular docking study revealed the high potential of the identified compounds to bind to the active sites of enzymes crucially involved in the skin aging process. ADMET analysis of the compounds revealed their good absorption, distribution, and metabolism profiles, and they were found to be safe as well. Study findings suggest L. procumbens as a promising source for the development of natural skin anti-aging and antioxidant compounds. This, in turn, may facilitate its incorporation into cosmetic formulations after further investigation.

Downregulated SPESP1-driven fibroblast senescence decreases wound healing in aged mice.

Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) are essential in the processes of skin ageing and wound healing. However, the underlying mechanism of HDFs in skin healing of the elderly has not been well defined. This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms of HDFs senescence and how senescent HDFs affect wound healing in aged skin. The expression and function of sperm equatorial segment protein 1 (SPESP1) in skin ageing were evaluated via in vivo and in vitro experiments. To delve into the potential molecular mechanisms by which SPESP1 influences skin ageing, a combination of techniques was employed, including proteomics, RNA sequencing, immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. Clearance of senescent cells by dasatinib plus quercetin (D+Q) was investigated to explore the role of SPESP1-induced senescent HDFs in wound healing. Here, we define the critical role of SPESP1 in ameliorating HDFs senescence and retarding the skin ageing process. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that SPESP1 directly binds to methyl-binding protein, leading to Decorin demethylation and subsequently upregulation of its expression. Moreover, SPESP1 knockdown delays wound healing in young mice and SPESP1 overexpression induces wound healing in old mice. Notably, pharmacogenetic clearance of senescent cells by D+Q improved wound healing in SPESP1 knockdown skin. Taken together, these findings reveal the critical role of SPESP1 in skin ageing and wound healing, expecting to facilitate the development of anti-ageing strategies and improve wound healing in the elderly.

Formulation and Evaluation of Poly Herbal Body Scrub

The research aimed to produce an Polyherbal body scrub. These days, the demand for skin care products and treatments has increased to a larger extend.Having a proper appearance and a beauty standard has gotten a lot of importance. A typical skin care routine consists of a cleanser, a serum, a moisturizer and a sunscreen.Among these, it has been seen that the serums are the new go to when it comes to building an excellent skin routine. Serums come in various types of formulation be it for oily, dry or anything in between type of skin. Facial wrinkles and skin aging are undesirable outcome of photo damage and ultraviolet (UV) rays. Currently no effective strategies are available to delay skin aging process. Aloe Vera, glycerin and honeybee venom face serum is a highly concentrated cosmetic product. When using aloe Vera we get not only a quick cosmetic effects but also psychological satisfactions, serum has a property of rapid absorption and ability to penetrate into deeper layer of the skin. In the present work we have formulated the poly herbal body scrub by using Orange peel powder, SCI powder, SLS powder, Honey, Glycerine, Bees wax, Aloe vera. These formulations are safe to use for skin and found to be satisfied with all required characterizations. The scrub was evaluated by using the parameters like Appearance, Viscosity, pH, Spreadibility, Washability, Grittiness, Foamability, Moisture content, Consistancytest and Irritation.

The Effect of Topical Estrogen in Skin Aging Process in Estrogen Deficiency Skin (EDS)

The Effect of Topical Estrogen in Skin Aging Process in Estrogen Deficiency Skin (EDS)

Exploration of probiotics on antioxidant activity of serum NLC coenzyme Q10 using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl) method

Background: The skin ageing process can be slowed by routinely caring for the skin using serum cosmetics containing antioxidants such as Co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10). However, CoQ10 has a drawback, which is low penetration into the skin. In this study, an antiaging serum preparation with the active ingredient NLC-CoQ10 was prepared. Probiotics were added to this preparation as a second active ingredient to enhance antioxidant activity. Objective: This study aimed to analyse the effect of probiotic concentration on the physical characteristics and antioxidant activity of NLC-CoQ10 serum. Method: NLC-CoQ10 was mixed with serum base and 0% probiotic (Formula One), 2% probiotic (Formula Two), and 4% probiotic (Formula Three). After that, physical characteristics and antioxidant activity were observed. Results: The results show that the physical characteristics of all formulas fulfil the specifications. All formulas had pH values between 4 and 7 and a viscosity value between 230 and 1150 cPs. The formula with the highest viscosity value is F1, 352.00 ± 2.00. All formulas have statistically different IC50 values. IC50 values for F1, F2 and F3 respectively, are 317.809 ± 2.117; 307.985 ± 2.089; 257.549 ± 1.573. Conclusion: The antioxidant activity increases with increasing concentrations of probiotics in NLC-CoQ10 serum. Meanwhile, the viscosity value decreases with a decreasing concentration of probiotics.