Skills Of Farmers Research Articles

Economic impact of unemployment and inflation on output growth in Bihar during 1990–2019

The effects of unemployment and inflation on output growth based on time series data of Bihar (India) over the period 1990–2019 has been examined in this paper. The physical capital expansion in terms of infrastructure development along with skill development to provide employment opportunities to the youth appears to be the major determinant of boosting the potential productivity of physical and human capital and affecting positively the economic growth. The results indicated that there are significant and certain benefits from the increased supply and improvement in the quality of physical capital which increases labor productivity as well as investment in human capital. Thus, it is recommended that Bihar makes large-scale investments in infrastructure and skill development and carry-on renewal at opportune moments to keep steady the positive trend of economic growth over the years. The investments may be in terms of mechanized technologies, supporting infrastructure and appropriating the knowledge relating to their management; and adopting new technologies and practices involving better innovation in agriculture, forestry, manufacturing, and relevant skill development to sustain the growth of value-added.

Skill ecosystems in the global South: Informality, inequality, and community setting

The concept of ‘skill ecosystems’ considers how contextual and institutional factors shape the acquisition and utilisation of skills. Although initially developed in the global North, there is value in applying this concept in the global South, where large-scale skill development and vocational education reforms are underway, many of which struggle with post-training skill underutilisation. The concept requires modification, however, if it is to be meaningfully applied in the global South. To date, skill ecosystem research has focused on skill utilisation in contexts of formal employment and the institutional actors who support it. In the global South, where most people are employed in the informal sector, a different approach is required, more sensitive to regional power structures and social inequalities. Geographical research on skills can help develop a more dynamic, relational, and power-inflected version of the skill ecosystem concept. Drawing on a short-term longitudinal study of agricultural skills trainings in India, this paper argues a geographically sensitive skill ecosystems perspective helps identify how context shapes the outcomes of skill development programs. To be meaningfully deployed in relation to informal sector work in the global South, however, it must be extended in at least three ways: (1) a different set of institutions and actors must be recognized as comprising the ‘ecosystem,’ particularly those supporting entrepreneurship; (2) the community and family settings in which informal sector work takes place must be recognized; and (3) social inequalities must be considered to promote greater skill utilisation and more equitable outcomes.

The Nexus Between Cocoa Farmers’ Business Schools Participation and Impact to Support Livelihood Improvement Strategies in Ghana

The authors examined cocoa farmers’ participation in Farmer Business Schools (FBS) in Ghana, impacts of livelihood outcomes (human, physical, financial, and social capitals) on participation, and implications of participation on productivity and per capita expenditure. We used cross-sectional data from 150 cocoa farmers. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, heteroskedastic probit, and doubly robust augmented inverse probability weighted regression adjustment model (AIPW). More than half of cocoa farmers participated in FBS. Financial capital (income and loan accessibility) and social capital (farmer group membership) positively influenced participation in FBS. Nevertheless, human capital (ability to pay medical bills) and physical capital (number of sleeping rooms) negatively influenced participation in FBS. Knowledge and skills cocoa farmers obtained from FBS are new farming methods, creativity in solving farming problems, record keeping, and managerial skills. Participation in FBS had a positive impact and a heterogeneous effect on cocoa farmers’ productivity and per capita expenditure. Given that the impact of FBS was heterogeneous, the FBS curriculum and approach should be segmented for different types of farmers to the generic FBS approaches currently practiced.

Does risk management affect productivity of organic rice farmers in India? Evidence from a semiparametric production model

This study analyzes the effects of farmers’ risk on productivity where the production function is generalized to be specific to risk variables. This resulted in a semiparametric smooth-coefficient (SPSC) production function. The novelty of the SPSC approach is that it can explain the direct and indirect channels through which risk can affect productivity. The study uses several measures of risk, including attitudes toward risk, perceptions of risk, and risk management skills of farmers. It then shows how these risk-related variables affect productivity both directly and indirectly via the inputs. Using 2015 farm-level data from organic basmati rice (OBR) smallholders in India, the study finds that OBR farmers with high degrees of risk aversion had lower productivity than less risk-averse or risk-neutral OBR farmers. Additionally, OBR farmers who were most concerned about production risks (i.e., weather and pest risks) had higher productivity than their counterparts. Finally, the study reveals that OBR farmers can reduce production costs by increasing farm size.

Pemanfaatan Bahan Lokal dalam Pakan Ikan oleh Petani Tambak Desa Reuleut Timur, Aceh Utara

The high price of commercial feed causes higher production costs. The problem was experienced by fish farmers, including the groups of pond farmers in East Releut Village, North Aceh. The purpose of this activity is to improve the pond farmer's skills by developing artificial fish feed made from local raw materials using Moringa leaf flour. This service activity uses an educative, participatory, and persuasive method approach. Also, the procedures consist of several stages, that are socialization about artificial fish feed made from local raw materials, socialization about the introduction of various local raw materials that have the potential to be used as feed ingredients, socialization about manufacturing technology fish feed, training in the stages of making fish feed, and marketing training for artificial fish feed made from local raw materials. The socialization and training on the process of artificial feed also motivate pond farmers to produce fish feed made from local raw materials. The participants were very satisfied on the knowledge/information (64,58%), the explanation of knowledge (72,22%), and the whole activity (63,89%), and satisfied on discussion process (58,33%). Participants hoped that developing artificial feed products, could reduce the cost of production

Pelatihan Teknik Pembuatan Pakan Sapi Bali di Kelompok Peternak Patut Patuh Patju Kelurahan Ampenan Selatan Kecamatan Ampenan Kota Mataram

As an effort to improve the knowledge and skills of farmers in rural areas, service activities have been carried out with the topic "Training on Bali Cattle Feed Making Techniques in the Patut Patuh Patju Farmer Group, South Ampenan Village, Ampenan Sub-district, Mataram City". This service activity was held on the grounds that farmers in Ampenan Selatan Village often have difficulty meeting the needs of their livestock for forage, especially during the dry season, so this sometimes has an unwanted negative impact such as the occurrence of cases of death and disease in livestock as a result of declining livestock conditions. This is due to the ignorance of the farmers in an effort to overcome the shortage of forage during the dry season. This community service activity will be carried out with three methods, namely the lecture, written and demonstration methods. With the lecture method delivered on the understanding and explanation of silage and Ammoniation Fermentation (Amofer). Through the written method, it was delivered by giving a brochure containing how to make silage and make Amofer rice straw. Meanwhile, with the demonstration method, the farmers immediately practiced the preservation and processing method with Silage and Amofer technology. Based on the results of monitoring during the activity, the results of the questions and answers and the enthusiasm of the participants, it was seen that the farmers had just realized the importance of the role of nutrition for livestock, were willing to apply feed preservation and processing technology, and it could also be seen that they had no difficulty in adopting the material provided. So overall this activity can be said to be quite successful. Recognizing the limitations of breeders in terms of conservation and feed processing which is an alternative for providing feed in the dry season, the service team suggests that this kind of activity should be continued so that the expected livestock production can be achieved.

The Pengembangan Aplikasi Mikroorganisme Lokal (MOL) pada Produksi Padi (Oryza sativa L.) di Kecamatan Jiwan, Madiun

Excessive use of inorganic fertilizers has led to land degradation. There need efforts to increase land fertility to increase rice production. One way that can be done is utilizing local microorganisms (MOL) to improve the soil quality. Therefore, productivity can be increased. Community development activities were aimed to socialize the use of MOL in increasing rice production. Community development activities were carried out on January 20-April 20, 2020, at the Dadi Rukun farmer group association (Gapoktan), Sukolilo Village, Jiwan District, Madiun, East Java. The method used is to make a demonstration plot (demplot) of rice production using MOL in the residents' rice fields about 3000 m2. The demplot was given with three kinds of treatment, they were organic fertilizer 200 kg ha-1 with MOL application, 50% an-organic fertilizer (75 kg ha-1 NPK dan 75 kg ha-1 urea) with MOL application, and 100% an-organic fertilizer (150 kg ha-1 NPK dan 150 kg ha-1 urea) without MOL application. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. Apart from using the demplot, socialization activities were also carried out by holding meetings between farmers and field extension workers, practitioners from academia and students who carry out fieldwork practices (PKL) in the village. Feedback in the form of farmer responses is given before and after the end of the activity as evaluation material for the success of the program. The experimental results showed that there was no significant difference in the rice production variables in the three treatments. MOL can be used as an alternative to liquid organic fertilizer to support rice production. Community empowerment activities carried out greatly affect changes in knowledge, perspectives, and skills of farmers in making and utilizing MOL to support rice production so that assistance efforts must continue to be improved.

Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Ruang pada Hutan Rakyat untuk Mendukung Pengembangan Agrowisata Puncak Suroloyo, Kabupaten Kulon Progo, D.I. Yogyakarta

The tourist visits to Suroloyo has increased due to the improvement of accessibility, supporting facilities, and information technology. However, the community forest surrounding Suroloyo is less optimum to support the tourism sector. Coffee as a new icon of Suroloyo could not fulfill the market demand yet, because the forest land resources are less managed. Hence, this community service activity aimed to: (1) identify the structure and composition of the community forest; (2) increasing the understanding of farmers on the optimization of land resource management; and (3) increasing the skill of farmers on coffee cultivation. The number of 35 members of the coffee farmer group in Keceme Village owned 0,35 ha of land on average. Albizia (Falcataria mollucana), saman (Meisopsis eminii) and mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) dominate the forest stand, by the mean canopy cover of 53% (optimum cover for coffee is 40-60%). The on-farm training for the farmers and interactive discussion with an invited expert on coffee cultivation was held. In addition, the superior coffee seed from the Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute are shared to the farmers with expectations of increasing productivity. The motivation and ability of the farmers on coffee cultivation in order to support the agritourism in Suroloyo were increased.

Impact of ASCI Sponsored Skill Development Trainings on Dairy Farming Practices: An Empirical Analysis

Background: The present study assessed the impact of Agricultural Skill Council of India (ASCI) funded dairy training programme conducted at CSKHPKV Palampur, Himachal Pradesh. These skill development training programs of 200 contact hours trained 40 participants in two trainings conducted in 2018 and 2019. Impact of these trainings was understood by studying changes in adoption, herd size, milk production and capital investments made before and after the trainings. Methods: A semi-structured interview schedule was designed for the collection of data before the start of training programme to assess socio-economic profile, herd size, milk production and adoption of various dairy farming practices. Post training data in March 2021 was collected to study the impact of trainings. The adoption index was calculated by procedure laid out by Mande and Thombre (2009) and Godara et al. (2018). Result: Significant differences in adoption of various practices before and after training were observed with few notable practices such as silage making, castration of male calves, screening of animals for sub clinical mastitis, cattle insurance and biogas production which scored lower adoption even post training. Lack of proper financial support from the banks, poor milk marketing and other socio-psychological factors prevented farmers from reaping full benefits post training.

Implication of Agricultural Science Education on the Development of the Nigerian Economy

The introduction of agricultural education in Nigeria educational system is necessary as it helps learners acquire knowledge and skills in agriculture which will improve the quantity and quality of agricultural production with a view to better the living standard of the people. Agricultural education has been progressing overtime due to the benefits derived from agriculture. The agricultural sector is a major source of livelihood for most citizens, but the paper noted that production hurdles have significantly stifled the performance of the sector. The paper argued that if the problems bedeviling agricultural sector as well as agricultural education such as inadequate funding, low societal acceptance, lack of qualified manpower, lack of good roads and infrastructures among others can be addressed, the Nigerian economy will be in a better shape as it relates to food security, employment of the youth and provision of raw materials. The paper finally concluded that agricultural education is an innovative programme aimed at self-reliant and employment creation in the country. Apart from the income generation and economic empowerment it can give to the youths, it preoccupies them and keep their minds out of mischief and violence, thereby, enhancing peace and national security which are of utmost importance to the Nigerian economy, and recommends adequate funding to acquire necessary tools and equipment, qualified teaching personnel and in-service training for the teachers as well as incentives for learners of agricultural science.

How close do you like your coffee? - Examining proximity and its effects in relationship coffee models

Relationship coffee models are generally characterized by a shortened value chain and efforts to achieve social, economic, and environmental sustainability. In three case studies with farmers organized in cooperatives in Peru and buyers in Austria or Germany, we analyzed the proximity among the geographically distant value chain actors. This paper aims to provide a more nuanced perspective on relational (organizational, institutional, cognitive, and social) proximity in relationship coffee models. The comparative analysis of the proximities in our case studies revealed that initial face-to-face contacts are required to build further proximity dimensions. Proximate relationship coffee models have led to more recognition, pride, a good reputation of the actors, higher coffee quality and thus farm-gate prices, and stable long-term relationships. However, relationship coffees require more coordination and communication among chain actors and advanced farmer skills and efforts to produce high-quality coffee. In relationship coffee models, farmers still depend on buyers and roasters to benefit from higher quality of their green coffee.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Produksi Pestisida Organik Ramah Lingkungan

The use of synthetic pesticides in farming management has had a negative impact on the environment. In general, farmers still use synthetic pesticides, hence not environmentally friendly. Therefore, farming needs to be directed towards environmentally-friendly agricultural activities with the use of organic pesticides. However, the knowledge and skills of farmers in the production of organic pesticides are lacking. The aim of this program is to increase the knowledge and skills of farmer groups in producing organic pesticides. The implementation was applied in the form of training and demonstration of pesticide manufacture. The results of the activity showed that the knowledge and skills of farmers increased, and they were able to produce organic pesticides. The implication is that farmers can produce organic pesticides independently instead of using synthetic pesticides in farm management.

The Value and Development Modes of Vernacular Aesthetic Education of Urban Agricultural Landscape

Aesthetic education not only exists in the classroom, but also in the urban living environment. The development of this environmental aesthetic education function is often accompanied by the development and change of urban landscape. Urban agricultural landscape is an organic part of modern urban landscape. It is different from machines or buildings in general urban production and life. Its local aesthetic value should be fully recognized and excavated. This is mainly reflected in the beauty of traditional agricultural skills, agricultural landscapes, and agricultural activities. At the same time, according to the different ways of interaction between people and the environment (ways of receiving aesthetic education), the development mode of vernacular aesthetic education of urban agricultural landscape can be divided into three: viewing mode, short-time contact, and long-time immersion.

Penyuluhan Pemberian Probiotik Bioplus Terhadap Performa Domba di Kelompok Wanita Tani Sauyunan

The population of sheep in Kaso Village, Tambaksari District is still very low compared to the average number of needs each year. One of the feed manipulation techniques that can be done is by giving Bioplus probiotics. This study aims to analyze the increase in knowledge and skills of farmers on the provision of Bioplus probiotics. This study aims to analyze the improvement of farmers' knowledge and skills on the provision of Bioplus probiotics The extension technique used uses a combination of media and extension methods such as lectures, discussions, demonstrations of methods, and applied studies and is combined with powerpoint media and posters. The instrument used is a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability using SPSS version 21. The counseling respondents consisted of 30 members of KWT Sauyunan. The evaluation of the extension was analyzed using the Padmowiharjo formula (1999). The results of the extension evaluation show the criteria of Success for the knowledge aspect and Fairly Successful in the skill aspect. Thus the extension of the provision of Bioplus probiotics to sheep is able to increase the knowledge and skills of members of the women's farmer group.

Penyuluhan Pemberian Ampas Tahu dan Gamal Dalam Ransum untuk Meningkatkan Bobot Badan Domba di Desa Ciakar Kecamatan Cijulang Kabupaten Pangandaran

The use of tofu and Gamal dregs in sheep rations for breeders in Ciakar village is not widely known. Therefore, the objective of this study is to see the extent of knowledge and skills in adopting simple technology regarding the use of tofu and Gamal dregs in sheep feed rations and increasing daily body weight (PPBH) of sheep. The study was carried out from April 5 to June 28, 2021. The treatment was given various doses of tofu and Gamal dregs to the daily weight gain of sheep and a questionnaire to see the level of knowledge and skills of sheep breeders using the additional feed. The results showed that the use of tofu and Gamal dregs was able to increase the PBBH by 171.5 g/head/day compared to the control (without giving tofu and Gamal dregs). In addition, the level of knowledge and skills of farmers increased by 52.88% and skills by 51.29% with the criteria of success for the adoption of simple technology using additional feed tofu dregs and Gamal in sheep feed rations.

Community empowerment based on organic fertilizer production technology in Pare Village, Selogiri District, Wonogiri Regency

Pare Village, Selogiri District, Boyolali Regency, has a high enough beef cattle, which serves as an opportunity for the community to be developed through an improved economy from beef cattle fattening, both from the main product in the form of meat and the by-products in the form of livestock manure. The utilization of livestock manure into organic fertilizer does not only increases income but also creates environmentally friendly conditions. This study aims to increase the knowledge and skills of farmers through training on the production technology of organic and liquid fertilizers in order to increase their income. It was carried out on May 20th to 16th September 2021 and the method used include Focus Group Discussions (FGD), counseling, training on production technology of organic and liquid fertilizers as well as demonstration plots of both. The materials used in processing organic fertilizers include livestock manure, urea, stardec, and a dolomite while liquid fertilizers include urine empon-empon (galangal, temu ireng, ginger, kencur, turmeric, sambiloto, garlic, dlingo and bengle), molasses and EM4. The result showed an increase in the knowledge of farmers after attending extension and training on the manufacture of these fertilizers which helps to increase the welfare of the community. In conclusion, people in Pare become more empowered with the application of organic fertilizer production technology such that there is an increase in community income.

Development of Instructional Package on Cassava Enterprises for the Training of Secondary School Graduates in Ebonyi State Skill Acquisition Centres

The cassava enterprise aspect of agricultural skill acquisition does not exist in the state skill acquisition centre for training secondary school graduates. This study therefore sought to develop work-skills in cassava enterprises for training of secondary school graduates in Ebonyi State skill acquisition centers. Three research questions guided the study. Survey research design was adopted. The population for the study was 500 made up of 450 registered cassava farmers and 50 agricultural science teachers. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 153 respondents. The instrument was a questionnaire used to elicit information from the respondents for developing the training package. Three experts validated the instrument. Data collected through the instrument were analyzed using mean and standard deviation for answering research questions. The results indicate 16 work-skills on cassava production practices, 10 work-skills on processing and 8 work-skills on marketing activities. These work-skills formed the training package. It was then recommended that the administrators of skill acquisition should use the training package for training. The state government should mobilize secondary school graduates for the training on the identified work-skills in the skill training centers. Keywords: instructional package, cassava enterprise, training, graduates, skill acquisition DOI: 10.7176/JEP/13-9-03 Publication date: March 31 st 2022

Model Regenerasi Petani Bawang Merah Di Kabupaten Solok Sumatera Barat

The agricultural sector requires the regeneration of human resources who are productive and have skills in farming. This study aims to describe the condition of farmers' resources and describe the regeneration model of shallot farmers in Solok Regency. This study used a survey research method with a qualitative approach to 30 shallot farmers spread across Solok Regency. The data used in the form of primary data and secondary data. The results showed that most of the shallot farmers in Solok Regency were productive farmers with an age range of 19-40 years, namely 80 percent with high school education to university education. The regeneration model of shallot farmers in Solok Regency is included in the planned model with a family approach. These results indicate the need for further deepening of understanding about youth involvement in agriculture and the regeneration of shallot farmers in Solok Regency.

PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN PESANTREN TAHFIDZUL QUR’AN AGRO

Tahfidzul Qura'an Agro Islamic Boarding School is an area that provides formal Islamic education (Madrasah Aliyah) and non-formal education of tahfidz Al-Qu'an and agriculture. The design location is in Kubu Raya Regency. Islamic Boarding School Tahfidzul Qura'an Agro is not only a place to learn religious knowledge but can also be a place to learn agriculture because the agricultural sector is the leading sector in Kubu Raya Regency. This design is also motivated by the number of memorizers of the Qur'an which is small compared to the Muslim population in Indonesia. The purpose of this design is to be able to design a Tahfidzul Qur'an Islamic boarding school facility to meet the needs in the field of religious education and other skills in the world of work. As a Thafidzul Qur'an boarding school, the students are required to memorize the Qur'an because the main function of this pesantren is to increase the number of memorizing the Qur'an. Skills in agriculture are also taught to equip students to face the world of work. The stages in the planning and design of the Tahfidzul Qura'an Agro Islamic Boarding School start from the idea stage, data collection, analysis, synthesis, pre-design, and design development. The pesantren area of the Tahfidzul Qura'an Agro Islamic Boarding School consists of several masses, namely: mosque buildings, memorization facilities, schools, student dormitories, management housing, and agricultural facilities. The mosque building is a focal point in the area. The mosque is in the middle to separate the zoana of male and female students. The location of the mosque is also in the middle so that it is easily accessible by students and residents around the pesantren area. memorizing facilities and schools are on the right and left of the mosque. The dormitory and residence manager are at the back to get a quieter atmosphere.

HUBUNGAN KOMPETENSI PETANI DENGAN PENDAPATAN USAHATANI BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.) (Kasus Di Desa Mulyasari Kecamatan Losari Kabupaten Cirebon)

The success of farmers in managing their farming, especially shallot plants is largely determined by the competence of farmers in conducting onion cultivation, because competence is a basic trait of a person which is itself related to the implementation of a job effectively and efficiently, as well as a combination of knowledge, skills, values and abilities. an attitude that is reflected in the habit of thinking and acting. This study aims to determine: (1) the relationship between knowledge competence and farm income, (2) the relationship between the attitude competence of farmers and farm income, and (3) the relationship between farmer skills competence and onion farming income. The research was conducted in Mulyasari Village, Losari District, Cirebon Regency. The research was conducted from October to December 2020. The research design used in this study was a quantitative study, with a descriptive survey research technique. Primary data collection was obtained through interviews with respondent farmers using a list of questions, and secondary data obtained from agencies related to this research. To determine the relationship between farmer competence and farmer income, the Spearman level correlation test was used. The results showed that: (1) there was a moderate and significant relationship between farmer knowledge and onion farming income, with a value of rs = 0.560 and a t-value of 5.060, (2) there was a moderate and significant relationship between farmer attitudes and onion farming income. red, with a value of rs = 0.544 and a tcount of 4.850, and (3) there is a moderate and significant relationship between farmer skills and onion farming income, with a value of rs = 0.550 and a t-value of 4.927.