Size Enterprises Research Articles

Mechanism of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influence the green development behavior of construction enterprises

The green development behavior of construction enterprises is an environmental behavior that contributes evidence from construction enterprises to the field of resource recycling and environmental protection. Revealing the mechanism of green development behavior of construction enterprises has become the key to guide construction enterprises to adopt green development behavior and improve the level of green development. However, existing studies on the mechanistic discussion of green development behavior of construction enterprises do not reach a consensus. In order to reveal the mechanism of the green development behavior of construction enterprises, this study examines how the green development behavior of construction enterprises is influenced by factors based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. Using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), this study analyzed 306 questionnaire data points from construction enterprises in 28 provinces (cities) across China. The main conclusions are as follows. (1) Attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control have significant positive effects on the green development behavioral intentions of construction enterprises, with attitudes being the strongest predictor. (2) Intention intermediates the relationships between attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and the green development behavior of construction enterprises to varying degrees. (3) Regional green development level and enterprise size positively moderate the four groups of the relationship between attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention and green development behavior of construction enterprises. This study provides theoretical guidance for promoting green transformation and upgrading construction enterprises and helps the construction industry achieve a balanced mode of development that supports both economic growth and environmental protection.

Analysis of dust and noise exposure levels in the mining industry from the national surveillance program in 2019

Objective: To understand the exposure level of dust and noise in the mining industry and provide data support for revising policy for the prevention and control of occupational diseases. Methods: In May 2022, Data was collected through the National Surveillance Program for Occupational Hazards in the Workplace. Descriptive analysis was conducted for dust and noise levels by industry type and enterprise size from 7, 679 enterprises in the mining industry among 29 provincial regions nationwide. Results: The enterprises in the mining industry included in the National Surveillance Program for Occupational Hazards in the Workplace are mainly small and micro, accounting for 47.97% (3684/7679) and 30.00% (230/7679) respectively. The industry is mainly compred of employers in the non-metallic ming and beneficiation industry, accounting for 50.25% (3859/7679). Among the enterprises with silica dust, coal dust, and noise hazards, the proportion of enterprises where total dust concentration and noise intensity exceed the standard is higher than 50%. 30% of the posts are with an exposure level of silica dust, coal dust, and noise that exceeds the standard. The exceedance rate and the median of the time-weighted average concentration of total coal dust among large and medium-sized enterprises are higher than those among small and micro-sized enterprises (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The dust and noise hazards in the mining industry are lower than in the past in China, but more than 25% of workers are still at a high risk of occupational pneumoconiosis and noise deafness. Therefore, intervention and surveillance strategies should be strengthened in the future.

Factors Affecting The Use Of Balanced Scorecards At Mechanical Enterprises In Hanoi

In the current period, mechanical enterprises face many difficulties and have to find ways to survive and develop. Besides organizing the apparatus, investing in production lines, designing and building brands, and setting up management tools to achieve strategy and goals are top priorities. Therefore, the application of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) to evaluate the performance of an enterprise contributes to helping businesses improve operational efficiency and increase competitiveness in the market. The article aims to evaluate the influence of factors on the application of BSC in mechanical enterprises in Hanoi. The study shows that factors: enterprise culture, enterprise size, the usefulness of BSC, and ease of use of BSC are factors affecting the application of BSC at mechanical enterprises in Hanoi. Based on the research results, the authors give some recommendations and solutions to enhance the application of the balanced scorecard in mechanical enterprises in Hanoi.

Low Carbon City Pilot Policy and Corporate Innovation

The "Double Carbon" target cannot be achieved without energy saving and carbon reduction in urban units, and corporate innovation is indispensable for cities to achieve energy saving and carbon reduction. Based on the data of Chinese A-share firms listed on Shanghai and Shen Stock Exchange over the period of 2007–2020, this paper explores the impact of low-carbon city pilot policies on enterprise innovation using the DDD method, and further refines the substantive and strategic aspects of the impact on enterprise innovation, and explores the heterogeneity of enterprise ownership nature and size. The study finds that, first, the pilot low-carbon city policy significantly promotes corporate innovation and has a slightly higher positive incentive effect on substantive innovation than strategic innovation. Second, non-state corporations and large-scale corporations tend to enhance substantive innovation while state-owned corporations and small-scale corporations tend to engage in strategic innovation activities as a result of the pilot policy.

POTENTIAL FOR DIGITALIZATION OF AGRICULTURE IN BULGARIA

The level of digitalisation in society, and particularly in agriculture, is a focus that attracts the attention of many researchers. The results of their research are transformed into programmes and strategic documents aimed at overcoming the digitisation gap by creating conditions for the implementation of digital technologies in agriculture. This report presents some of the results obtained with respect to a survey carried out among companies in the agricultural sector, and mainly the livestock sub-sector. The data show a relatively low level of digitization and readiness for investments in this area. There is also a direct correlation between the size of enterprises in terms of staff number and the pursuit of digital transformation.

Cross-sectional analysis of relationship between strategic orientation, structural arrangements and size of enterprises in Croatia

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the two basic constructs of organizational design, strategic orienta-tion, and structural arrangements, as well as to re-examine the role of enterprise size in the variations of both con-structs.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out by regu-lar mail in the first half of 2019, using already existing and empirically validated measurement instruments for the constructs of strategic orientation and organizational struc-ture characteristics. Management board representatives or managing directors of the contacted enterprises were asked for their views on the situation in their enterprise in rela-tion to the researched constructs. Descriptive and bivariate statistical analyses were performed.Results: On the sample of 37 enterprises, the strategic orien-tation ‘analyzer enterprise’ was predominant. In addition, organic organizational structure characteristics slightly prevailed over mechanistic characteristics. A regression analysis was carried out, establishing a positive relation-ship between strategic orientation and organizational structure characteristics (R2=0.160; P=0.014), especially with communication as a characteristic of mentioned organiza-tional structure (R2=0.239; P=0.002). T-tests confirmed the significance of the role of enterprise size for organizational structure characteristics (P=0.067). In other words, larger enterprises tend to foster mechanistic organizational struc-ture characteristics. Variations in the types of strategic ori-entation of enterprises were not related to the size of those enterprises (P=0.296).Conclusion: The design and adaptation of organizational and structural arrangements of enterprises are related to their selected strategic orientation. An increase in enter-prise size inevitably leads to more rigid mechanistic struc-tural arrangements, while the status of a small enterprise does not automatically imply the ‘prospector’ strategic ori-entation or the successful development and implementa-tion of innovations.

Guidelines for Competitive Advantage of Thai Software Industry

This research aims to study the guidelines for competitive advantage in the Thai software industry. For qualitative research, in-depth interviews were conducted with nine experts to create the tools used in the estimation research. A group discussion with 11 experts was conducted to obtain a consensus on the model of this research. Quantitative data were collected from a survey of 500 enterprises in the Thai software industry using descriptive, reference, and multiple statistics. The research provides guidelines for the Thai software industry's competitive advantage, comprising four elements. The essential items of each element are as follows:1) Marketing Strategies ( = 4.25) maintain customer confidentiality without disclosing or using data for any other benefit. 2) Business Sustainability ( = 4.24) builds trust and credibility in partner collaboration. 3) Internal Process ( = 4.23) analyzes current work processes to improve efficiency continuously. 4) The Business Alliance ( = 4.23) conducts business with integrity, transparency, and accountability. In addition, the hypothesis test showed that the difference in enterprise size revealed overall elements that were significantly different at the level of 0.05. The analysis of the developed structural equation model showed that it followed the empirical data and passed the evaluation criteria with chi-square probability level, relative chi-square, the goodness of fit index, and root mean square error of approximation of 0.262, 1.031, 0.928, and 0.008, respectively.

SELECTION AND USE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN HOTEL ENTERPRISES

The article is aimed at defining the criteria and algorithm for selecting the optimal technologies for the use of personnel management in the hotel enterprise. The main approaches to the definition of the term management technology and staff management technology are analysed. The composition of technologies of target management and process technologies is considered. The features and conditions of use of process management technologies are defined. The advantages and disadvantages of management technologies when used in hotel enterprises are analysed. Recommendations on the use of personnel management technologies in accordance with the working conditions of hotel business enterprises are provided. The main types of personnel management technologies are listed. Personnel technologies and staff technologies are considered. A system of criteria for choosing the technology of personnel management is proposed. The following are proposed as selection criteria: size of the hotel enterprise, staff qualification, level of automation of production and management processes, degree of management informatisation, readiness for innovations, cost of technology and its popularity, period of introduction and initial testing of technology and the degree of technological maturity of the enterprise in general. An algorithm for choosing technologies for management of personnel of hotel enterprise has been provided. The formation of a refined list of management technologies recommended for implementation is carried out after selecting the target technology and assessing the level of technological and managerial maturity of the hotel enterprise. The expediency of adapting the components of the technology of personnel management by functional subsystems is emphasised. The main subsystems are as follows: technology of planning the need for personnel; technology of search, selection and attraction of personnel; technology of placement and accounting of personnel; technology of professional and social development of employees; technology of personnel evaluation; technology of stimulation and motivation of personnel. Keywords: personnel management, management technology, target management, personnel technologies, HR technologies.

The impact of accessible capital on labor growth of small and medium enterprises in Vietnam

There are significant constraints that limit the present SMEs from extending up in terms of labor and employment. Firms have a higher demand for workforce and thus create employment when enlarging their business operation scale. There has been a theoretical gap related to the labor growth of SMEs in developing countries, such as Vietnam, and a necessity of finding solutions to overcome difficulties in accessing capital to foster firms’ labor growth. Most of the previous studies on growth used the statistical frequency method. Meanwhile, the results of the Bays method can ignore the influence condition due to the small sample or missing observations. While previous studies often used debt ratio or financial leverage in the model, these are two different approaches. This study used the Bayesian estimation method to examine the labor growth of SMEs in Vietnam due to the impact of equity and liabilities, which better reflects the impact of each specific component of capital used for business growth, along with a group of control variables. The research results demonstrate that debt has a positive effect while equity has a negative impact on business growth. Enterprise size, male entrepreneurs, and businessmen with educational and vocational qualifications in the group of undergraduate and graduate, college, and vocational secondary schools have a positive impact on the growth of enterprises. Firm age, export factors, and untrained entrepreneurs have a negative impact on firm growth.

Research on Evolutionary Game of Low-carbon Knowledge Sharing in Enterprise Strategic Alliance Considering Multiple Factors

Knowledge sharing is an important way for enterprise strategic alliance to participate in enterprise learning and dissemination of low-carbon knowledge. According to the different enterprise size and knowledge level of strategic alliance participating enterprises, considering all kinds of influencing factors of knowledge sharing willingness of participating enterprises, this paper constructs enterprise strategic alliance knowledge sharing evolutionary game payment matrix and obtains evolutionary equilibrium solution. In view of the different values of the absorption and transformation ability coefficient of knowledge, the degree of complementarity of knowledge, and the degree of knowledge sharing, the influence of simulation on the knowledge sharing intention of enterprises is simulated. The research shows that the coefficient of knowledge absorption and transformation ability and the degree of knowledge complementarity have a great influence on the willingness of participating enterprises to knowledge sharing. The knowledge sharing willingness of enterprise strategic alliance participating enterprises is sensitive to the knowledge sharing degree of the two enterprises, and the sharing degree of enterprises with different knowledge levels has different effects on the knowledge sharing willingness of the two enterprises.

Does the Size of the Business Still Matter, or Is Profitability under New Management, by Order of the COVID-19?

Businesses should come up with a strategy, plans, and goals so that their total assets can make a profit during the transformation process. Utilizing various features of a property can generate this income. This comparison provides evidence of profitability. During the global economic downturn, a number of businesses encountered issues that caused their payment situations and profitability to deteriorate. The goal of this article is to ascertain whether particular profitability indicators also revealed the pandemic-related global crisis, particularly in the Visegrad Group countries. This analysis was conducted based on categories of business size. Specifically, 8671 enterprises were analyzed. The evaluation of indicators revealed whether there was a significant change in a negative direction, a significant change in a positive direction, or no significant change. It was possible to make a clear diagram of the companies that took part in the study and to figure out the median values in order to compare the results of the chosen profitability indicators. Correspondence analysis was conducted so that conclusions could be more accurate. According to the findings of this study, indicators of ROA, ROE, and ROS did not change significantly across enterprise size categories in the years preceding, during, and after the pandemic. Since the government regulations of the V4 countries had a significant impact on these businesses, the change was most obvious in the case of small businesses within the ROS indicator. The added value of the article is derived from its analysis of selected profitability indicators in the largest group of Central European nations and its relevance.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN POLAND IMPLEMENTATION IN THE MULTI-DIMENSIONAL APPROACH

The implementation of the principles of sustainable development is widely recognized as one of the key elements of success and competitive advantage of modern enterprises. It is recognized that sustainable development should be incorporated into the organizations value system and function at the strategic level. Meanwhile, the range of sustainable practices and approaches used varies from enterprise to enterprise, which is determined by many variables, including enterprise size. The main purpose of the article is to assess the level of implementation of the principles of sustainable development in small and medium-sized enterprises, taking into account its economic, environmental and social elements, and to diagnose the relationship between the level of sustainability of the organization and its growth potential. To achieve the main goal and verify research hypotheses, the questionnaire survey was conducted in 2023 on a group of 100 small and medium-sized enterprises in the lskie Voivodeship. Statistical analysis was developed using descriptive statistics and Kendalls tau correlation coefficient as one of the nonparametric measures of monotonic statistical dependence. The research confirmed the existence of statistically significant, positive relationships between the economic, environmental and social dimensions of sustainable development and the growth potential of the organization.

How to improve the initiative and effectiveness of enterprises to implement environmental management system certification?

Stimulating enterprises to implement environmental management system certification (EMSC, that is to say ISO14001 certification) to the greatest extent and resolving their obstacles in time are the basis for promoting green development of enterprises. Using the full samples of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed industrial enterprises from 2010 to 2019, and employing the Logit model and Propensity Score Matching method (PSM), this paper empirically analyzes the motivations and obstacles for Chinese enterprises to implement EMSC certification, further explores the transformation between advantages and disadvantages under certain conditions, and the differentiation characteristics among enterprises under different social responsibility, property rights and enterprise size. The results show that: ① There is a “U”-shaped relationship between corporate social responsibility and EMSC, and the social responsibility of non-state-owned enterprises could realize the transformation from obstacle to motivation earlier than that of state-owned enterprises. ② There is an inverted “U”-shaped relationship between environmental regulation and EMSC, precisely speaking, this inverted “U”-shaped relationship only exists in non-state-owned enterprises, large-scale enterprises and enterprises with high social responsibility. ③ The public environmental awareness could promote enterprises to implement EMSC, and would strengthen the impact of environmental regulations on enterprises' implementation of EMSC. ④ Based on Propensity Score Matching method, it is concluded that Chinese enterprises indeed improve their environmental performance rather than their financial performance by EMSC. The conclusions provide helpful practical guidance for comprehensively revealing the motivations and obstacles for China's enterprises to implement EMSC.

Administrative reform and the disposal of zombie enterprises: evidence from China.

The study investigates the effects of drastic institutional changes on the reduction of zombie enterprises in China and the underlying mechanisms of this relationship. We employed data from the ASIF from 1998 to 2007 and adapted the difference-in-difference approach to analyze the effects based on China's investment approval system reform. We find that the reform can reduce the proportion of zombie enterprises by 13.3%. This result is driven by competition and scale effects. The former reduces institutional transaction costs by 12.8% and increases innovation capacity by 6.1%. The latter significantly improves the total factor productivity of enterprises; the reform promoted the expansion of enterprise size by 7.1% and the enhancement of market accommodation capacity by 13.2%. The reform had a weak effect on state-owned and non-competitive industrial zombie enterprises. This paper contributes to debates concerning the effect of institutions on entrepreneurship and the disposal of small zombie enterprises.

Analysis of financial support efficiency and influencing factors of listed seed companies from the perspective of energy consumption and carbon emissions.

The seed industry has a prominent role in strengthening ecological stability and national food security as it provides the basic ground for agriculture sector. In the current research, the effectiveness of financial support provided to listed seed enterprises and its influencing factors from the perspectives of energy consumption and carbon emissions are examined using a three-stage DEA-Tobit model. The dataset for the underlined study variables mainly comes from the financial data published by 32 listed seed enterprises and the China Energy Statistical Yearbook from 2016 to 2021. In order to make the results more accurate, the influence of external environmental factors such as economic development level, total energy consumption, and total carbon emission on listed seed enterprises are excluded. The results revealed that the mean value of financial support efficiency of listed seed enterprises increased significantly after excluding the influence of external environmental and random factors. External environmental factors such as regional energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission played an important role in the process of the financial system supporting the development of listed seed enterprises. The development of some listed seed enterprises with high financial support efficiency came at the cost of high local carbon dioxide emission and high energy consumption. Internal factors such as operating profit, equity concentration, financial structure, and enterprise size are the key intra-firm factors that affect the efficiency of financial support for listed seed enterprises. Thus, it is suggested that enterprises must pay attention to the environmental performance to reach a win-win situation in reducing and improving the energy consumption and financial performance, respectively. Similarly, the improvement of energy use efficiency through endogenous and external innovation should be prioritized to achieve sustainable economic development.

Research on environmental regulation, environmental protection tax, and earnings management

After the Chinese government put forward carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, the intensity of environmental regulation has reached an unprecedented height. Using a sample of heavily polluted A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2012 to 2018, we discuss the influence mechanism of environmental regulation and environmental tax on corporate earnings management in this study. We use multiple regression models to empirically verify the impact of environmental regulation, environmental tax, and their combined effect on corporate earnings management. We find that environmental regulations promote enterprises’ upward real earnings management and inhibit enterprises’ upward accrual earnings management. However, environmental taxes discourage firms from upward accrual earnings management. Moreover, environmental regulations and environmental tax jointly promote enterprises’ upward accrual earnings management and real earnings management. And there is heterogeneity among different enterprise natures, different enterprise sizes, enterprises in regions with different degrees of marketization, different intensities of government investment in environmental protection, and whether enterprises disclose their environmental protection concepts. The contribution of this paper is to put environmental regulation, environmental protection tax, and earnings management in the same analytical framework. We aim to combine the government’s macro policy with the enterprise’s micro behavior and to deeply analyze the impact and mechanism of environmental regulation, environmental protection tax, and their combined effect on enterprise earnings management. By analyzing the heterogeneity of these impacts from multiple dimensions, this study tries to expand the research horizon, fill the research gap, and provide theoretical support for the government to formulate comprehensive environmental regulation policies.

Climate Change Risk Management Strategies: The Case of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Southwest Nigeria

The study determined the critical variables inducing the choice of mitigation and adaptation methods adopted by the Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) against the effect of climate change on their enterprises in Southwest Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to choose 200 SMEs Managers/Chief Executive Officers (100 mitigating climate change and 100 not mitigating) as respondents for the study. Descriptive statistics and a multinomial regression model were employed to investigate the data collected. The findings show that the mean age of Managers/CEOs mitigating climate change was 41.8 years, and the level of education of climate change mitigating Managers/CEOs (80.0%) was significantly different from the non-mitigating (50.0%). The net profit margin ratio for the mitigating SMEs was 32.04%, and 17.83% for the non-mitigating SMEs. The multinomial logit model showed that income, enterprise experience, access to credit, enterprise size, and enterprise type significantly induced the choice of climate change mitigation approaches used by the SMEs in the study area. The study suggested that government and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) should assist SMEs by enhancing their income-generating ability to ameliorate the impact of climate alteration over the years on their enterprises.

Factors affecting the quality of financial statements from an audit point of view: A machine learning approach

This study examines the influence and importance of firm characteristics on the quality of financial statements of listed companies in Vietnam’s stock market from the audit point of view. We use regression models and machine learning algorithms to investigate data from 2225 observations of listed companies in the period 2014–2020. We find that business profitability, business size, and the size of the Board of Directors positively correlate with the quality of financial statements. In contrast, dividend policy, state ownership, and enterprise listing time have a negative relationship. Results show that the most critical factors affecting financial statement quality include profitability, profit after tax on total assets, state ownership, and enterprise size. This finding has practical implications for market participants and policymakers in improving financial reporting transparency and quality.

Analysis of Challenges Facing and Factors Influencing the Profitability of Dairy Cattle Enterprises in Southwestern Uganda

In this study, challenges experienced by dairy cattle enterprises in Southwestern Uganda and the factors influencing their profitability were respectively analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression in STATA 15.0 statistical software. Eighteen questions relating to the challenges experienced by dairy producers in the study area were factor analyzed using principal components analysis with varimax rotation. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin’s measure of sampling adequacy was 0.643, above the commonly recommended value of 0.6, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant (ꭓ² (153) = 1670.13, P&lt;0.001). Using both the scree plot and eigenvalues greater than 1 to determine the underlying components, the analysis yielded five factors explaining a total of 67.42% of the variance in the data. These factors were investment constraints, productivity constraints, climatic and environmental conditions, veterinary and social security services, and marketing constraints, which explained 21.32%, 13.01%, 11.97%, 11.03%, and 10.097% of the variance after rotation, respectively. The factors hypothesized to influence the profitability of dairy enterprises were; daily milk yield per lactating cow, the prevalence rate of diseases, percentage of lactating cows to those raised on the enterprise, attendance of animal production training, the unit production cost of milk, and enterprise size according to the number of animals raised. Regression analysis results of these factors revealed that the unit production cost of milk, enterprise size, and daily milk yield per lactating cow were statistically significant. The estimated model had an R-squared value of 0.92. The recommendations emphasized in this study were reducing milk production costs, rational use of production resources, adopting improved cattle breeds, improving feeding by supplementing animal diets with concentrate feeds to increase milk yield, and general improvement in dairy herd management practices, including disease control strategies.

The importance of specific open innovation practices for radical innovations within companies of different sizes

PurposeThe prevailing view in the existing literature is that open innovations (OI) increase the innovative performance of enterprises. The author examines whether the same OI practices are equally important for sole entrepreneurs, micro firms, small firms, medium-sized and large enterprises in introducing radical innovations and which set of OI practices is best for a firm, given the firm's size.Design/methodology/approachIn this study probit models were used on a sample of 915 innovative Serbian enterprises.FindingsOI is important for all enterprises introducing radical innovations. However, not all OI practices are equally effective in each enterprise size group. The set of OI practices leading to radical innovations depends on the firm size. Cooperation with others is not important for sole entrepreneurs and micro and large companies in introducing radical innovations. Still, cooperation's role is predominant in small and medium-sized enterprises. Also, certain OI practices are important for all enterprises, whilst others do not contribute to radical innovations, regardless of the firm size.Practical implicationsOwners/managers can save considerably by avoiding the allocation of resources to OI practices that result in little to no contribution to radical product commercialisation. At the macroeconomic level, these findings can help policymakers create adequate (tailor-made) public policies to achieve innovation in each specific group of firms.Originality/valueThis study demonstrates that not all OI practices are equally important for achieving radical production solutions in each group of enterprises.