Situations Of Domestic Violence Research Articles

GUARDA COMPARTILHADA NOS CASOS VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA

The article aims to analyze the feasibility and implications of shared custody in situations of domestic violence, addressing the relevant legislation and doctrine on the subject. Firstly, it is essential to define and understand domestic violence, its manifestations and the applicable legislation, with emphasis on the Maria da Penha Law (Law 11,340/2006), which seeks to protect women who are victims of violence in the domestic environment. Furthermore, Law 8,069/1990 (Child and Adolescent Statute) is analyzed to understand the protection of minors in contexts of violence. The study highlights that, although shared custody is generally promoted to ensure the equal participation of both parents in their children’s lives, its application in cases of domestic violence can be problematic. The need to protect the woman and children from continuous contact with the aggressor makes shared custody unfeasible in most cases. The article also analyzes the jurisprudence and decisions of Brazilian courts, which often opt for unilateral custody to guarantee the best interests of the child and adolescent. Finally, the article proposes the need for a careful and careful assessment of each case, with continuous monitoring of families affected by domestic violence, to guarantee the safety of victims and the well-being of minors. The creation of public policies that take into account the complexity of these cases is advocated, promoting a balance between the protection of the vulnerable and the right to family life.

AS DECISÕES DOS TRIBUNAIS E POSSÍVEIS SOLUÇÕES À GUARDA COMPARTILHADA EM CASOS DE VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA

This article analyzes how the issue of shared custody in cases of domestic violence has been approached and decided by Brazilian courts. The study covers legislation, doctrine and jurisprudence to understand the practical application of the relevant laws. The Civil Code of 2002 and Law 13,058/2014, which establish shared custody as a rule, are discussed, but the recent Law 14,713/2023 significantly changed the rules, prohibiting shared custody in cases of domestic violence. Historically, Brazilian civil legislation has always prioritized the protection of minors, establishing that custody can be unilateral or shared. Shared custody, where both parents have equal responsibilities and rights, was the general rule, except in specific cases such as domestic violence, where the law previously allowed sole custody when justified. With the introduction of Law 14,713/2023, shared custody was prohibited in situations of domestic violence. This legislative change aims to protect children and victims of violence, ensuring that the aggressor cannot have joint custody. The article cites court decisions that confirm the prevalence of shared custody as a general rule and exceptions in cases of violence. In summary, Law 14,713/2023 represents a significant advance by prohibiting shared custody in cases of domestic violence, reflecting the need to protect victims and guarantee the safety of children. The article concludes that, despite improvements, there are still challenges in applying and raising awareness of legal changes.

Domestic Violence Victimization Risk Assessment in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Background: Risk assessment is the process of collecting information towards the goal of protecting the physical and psychological integrity of the victim, taking into account factors associated with violence to assess the severity of violence, protect victims, and prevent recidivism. This type of risk assessment is commonly used in situations of domestic violence and needs to be adjusted for the contexts of child and adolescent victimization. Objective: Resources and standardized criteria to guide a child-centered domestic violence victimization risk assessment are lacking. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the instruments, risk factors and outcomes identified in the literature for situations of domestic violence involving children. Methods: Following the PRISMA protocol, 313 articles from the EBSCO, Web of Science and PubMed databases were screened and 13 were identified for analysis. Results: An analysis of the characteristics of some instruments created to assess the impact of domestic violence involving children shows that caregivers’ risk factors are strong predictors of child abuse, highlighting the interrelationship with other factors, as well as warning about the cumulative risk, including child homicide. Conclusions: The literature confirms the importance of family system factors regarding the risk of the mistreatment of children in situations of domestic violence. Risk assessment must cater to the needs and specificities of individual children.

‘And that was her choice’: Dutch general practitioners’ perceptions of the autonomy of patients with non-western migration backgrounds who experience domestic violence

ABSTRACT Women in the Netherlands with non-western migration backgrounds experience domestic violence at the intersection of culture and gender, and visit their general practitioners (GPs) with health concerns related to the violence. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with GPs, this paper illuminates how GPs navigate the process of decision-making around intervention in domestic violence, with particular attention to the role of autonomy. Patient autonomy is a core principle in Dutch general practice. The term refers to the principle that GPs must respect that competent adults can make autonomous decisions about the care they do and do not want, and that GPs must respect patients’ views, choices, and ways of life. The interview data shows great variation in how GPs respond in situations of domestic violence against women with non-western migration backgrounds. Deploying ‘somatechnics of perception’, this paper explores how GPs’ perceptions of their patients’ autonomy are both the agent and effect of a complex and embodied negotiation of gender, race, culture, ethnicity, medical ethics, and morality. In highlighting how these patients’ autonomy is rendered (un)intelligible and (il)legible in contextually specific ways, this paper sheds light on how GPs in the Netherlands can better assist women with non-western migration backgrounds who experience domestic violence.

Fenomena KDRT dan Praktik Mahar di Kampung Ndilek Lamba Leda, NTT

Fenomena KDRT dan Praktik Mahar di Kampung Ndilek Lamba Leda, NTT

Health professionals’ intervention in the context of domestic violence against women: exploring perceptions and experiences of providing healthcare

ABSTRACT Domestic violence against women is a complex social phenomenon and a widely recognised issue of public health, which requires that all sectors of society, including the health sector, take the necessary action to prevent and address it. This paper aims to contribute to the discussion on the role of the primary health care in addressing domestic violence against women, by analysing health professionals’ perceptions of their practice as well as the difficulties they experience in providing healthcare to victims. To fulfil this aim, a qualitative approach was chosen, using focus groups with health professionals working in the area of primary health care in an inland region of Portugal. The main findings point to the lack of a specific protocol and insufficient information and skills to respond to domestic violence situations, which hinders health professionals’ confidence to intervene and tends to orientate them towards a more medical response. Resulting from these findings, implications for practice are discussed: the need for clear and specific orientations to guide health professionals’ intervention; the need to offer training that enables them to provide appropriate healthcare to women experiencing domestic violence; and the need to position themselves in the context of an integrated, multi-sectoral intervention.

Sociodemographic and Clinical Profile of Perpetrators of conjugal Homicides

IntroductionConjugal homicide refers to the act of killing a current or former intimate life partner, regardless of their marital status. This type of behavior is still inadequately addressed by prevention programs, as it is often regarded as exceptional compared to other forms of domestic violence.ObjectivesTo describe the sociodemographic, clinical, and criminological data of individuals who commit spousal homicide.MethodsThis is a retrospective descriptive study of 21 psychiatric expertise files conducted between January 2002 and September 2023 in the psychiatric department of Hedi Chaker Hospital in Sfax. Sociodemographic, clinical, and criminological data were collected from criminal psychiatric expertise files and supplemented with information from medical records.ResultsThe perpetrators of spousal homicide were predominantly male (85.7%), had an educational level above secondary school (57.1%), were married (85.7%), and had an average age at the time of the act of 40.3 years. Most of them had no psychiatric history (81%) or legal history(85%), and only 19% were using psychoactive substances.Among the perpetrators, 66.7% had a history of violence against their partners, with threats of homicide in 19% of cases. The majority of homicides occurred during the day (42.9%), in a public place (28.6%), were perpetrated in isolation (95.2%), happened impulsively (47.6%), and employed a single method (81%), with knives being the primary weapon (42.9%). In 76.2% of cases, the perpetrators of spousal homicides were found criminally responsible, while 19% were hospitalized in a psychiatric setting as part of a judicial non-prosecution decision.ConclusionsThe study of specific characteristics of spousal homicides holds crucial importance for the early detection of domestic violence situations that carry a lethal risk. By highlighting these particularities, it enables the development of more targeted prevention strategies.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

DAVSS: Development of Mobile Application for Documenting and Assessing Domestic Violence

This paper presents the development and evaluation of the Domestic Abuse and Violence Support System (DAVSS), a mobile application designed to address domestic violence issues in Malaysia. DAVSS integrates the essential 27-DASH (Danger Assessment for Separation and Harassment) questionnaire to assess the severity of domestic violence situations. The project follows the phased approach of the Waterfall Model, encompassing requirements, analysis, design, development, and testing stages.Usability testing was conducted to evaluate the DAVSS application, revealing overall user satisfaction. However, this assessment relied primarily on frequency analysis, prompting consideration for enhanced reliability through alternative measurement methods such as median and standard deviation approaches.The DAVSS application's Danger Assessment Test (DAT) algorithm, built upon the 27-DASH questions, represents a significant aspect of the system. Future work includes the validation of this rule-based algorithm using expert evaluation, potentially through Delphi techniques.Given the absence of dedicated domestic abuse mobile applications in Malaysia, DAVSS promises several advantages. It empowers victims to report incidents, locate shelters for protection, and facilitates shelter access through QR code integration. In conclusion, as domestic violence remains a pressing concern requiring increased support, the DAVSS mobile application emerges as a vital system that offers assistance to victims while breaking down barriers that may silence their voices.

The Impact of Forced Separations Between Women and Their Pets in Domestic Violence Situations and the Effectiveness of Crisis Response: Protocol for a Conceptual Framework.

Women are at high risk of experiencing trauma, guilt, and stress when forced to separate from their companion animals when fleeing domestic violence. Where little support is available for women and pets to stay together, women may be forced to delay leaving the abusive relationship or leave the pet with the abuser. Forced separation places both women and pets at substantial risk, where pets may be used as a coercive control measure. However, little evidence exists regarding the extent to which Australian services or policies offer support in these circumstances. This research aims to increase the understanding and the impacts of forced separation between women and their pets in domestic violence situations. The research will investigate the effectiveness of service responses for both women and animals, aiming to develop a policy framework that guides service improvement with the goal of enhancing outcomes for women and pets fleeing domestic violence. This protocol paper describes the process of developing a conceptual framework of 4 studies that include a scoping review, policy analysis, focus groups, and interviews that guide the design of the qualitative research project. A scoping review of the literature on forced separation from pets in domestic violence, natural disasters, and homelessness situations has led to the development of a conceptual framework that guided the design of the proposed study. The review also confirmed the necessity of the proposed research project in addressing the lack of Australian national frameworks and guidance available for women and pets seeking formal support in domestic violence situations. As of August 2023, supporting organizations have commenced the distribution of the research flyers. Expected data collection will be completed between August and October 2023. The results are expected to be published in June 2025. Via a systematic process, the importance of the proposed study in improving the understanding of the impact of forced separation between women and their pets at times of domestic violence and the gaps in best supporting both women and their pets has been confirmed. A study design based on the learnings from previous studies and the focus of the current research has been finalized. The impact of the research project in developing an Australian national framework for best supporting women and their pets in crisis situations is anticipated. PRR1-10.2196/52067.

The need for police officers to use portable video recorders when responding to domestic violence situations

The article examines the use of portable video recorders by precinct police officers when responding to situations related to domestic violence.
 Domestic violence is a very common problem that needs to be addressed by the National Police of Ukraine. The main tasks of the police in the field of combating domestic violence are: timely response and combating this type of offense, bringing offenders to legal responsibility, in accordance with current legislation. In our opinion, one of the unsolved problems that is not sufficiently studied in the legislation is the use of video recorders by precinct police officers when responding to various types of offenses, such as domestic violence.
 The use of portable video recorders (portable video recording cameras) by precinct police officers is a practice that is becoming more common in many countries. These devices can have a significant impact on ensuring security, increasing accountability and transparency of police actions.
 A study of judicial practice indicates a tendency that courts of various levels increasingly note the lack of sufficient evidence from precinct police officers, which would possibly confirm the legality of their decisions to issue an urgent restraining order. In fact, only the prohibition order itself, which briefly outlines the essence of the case, and the statement of the victim, as well as other materials regarding the administrative offense, is not enough for the courts. Also, the study of judicial practice indicates that there are frequent cases of appeals against the decisions of district police officers regarding the issuance of urgent orders, which indicates the need to improve the mechanism of implementing special measures in the field of combating domestic violence.

The construction of care in assisting women in situations of domestic violence: perspectives of workers in the Family Health Strategy

Resumo A violência doméstica contra a mulher é um problema do campo da saúde, que tem na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) importante via de enfrentamento. Este estudo buscou compreender as práticas de cuidado com esse público, elaboradas por trabalhadores e trabalhadoras da ESF e do Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família. A pesquisa foi marcada pelo advento da pandemia do coronavírus, que impossibilitou a presença no campo. Assim, foram utilizadas a entrevista semiestruturada on-line como principal fonte de dados, e a Análise Temática como estratégia de análise. Observa-se que a construção do cuidado se dá principalmente a partir da valorização das tecnologias leves e dos saberes práticos, que se manifestam principalmente por meio do que os participantes denominam “protocolos intuitivos”. O estudo aponta ainda o medo de represálias, a desvinculação de julgamentos morais, a implicação da mulher, o desconhecimento da rede de assistência e a ausência de protocolos como principais desafios a serem superados. Também revela a importância do protagonismo dos saberes elaborados no trabalho vivo em ato para a formulação das estratégias de cuidado, articuladas com a Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher, além da necessidade de novas produções com essa perspectiva.

A Look at Violence Against Women in Maceió and Alagoas (Brazil)

Violence against women can be understood as a form of restriction of their freedom, autonomy, and self-determination, and can be presented in the following types of violence: physical, psychological, sexual, property, and moral. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that approximately one in three women in the Americas suffer sexual and/or physical violence. This research focuses on this subject, which is so dear and topical - even though it has been around for thousands of years - by analyzing data on violence against women in Maceió and Alagoas (Brazil), comparing the results, investigating socio-demographic characteristics, observing risk factors and also scrutinizing how this woman-victim is approached. An analysis of the data obtained showed that there were 7,078 notifications of cases of violence against women in the state of Alagoas in 2022. Of those notifications, 36.3% were situations of domestic violence, 62.15% of the victims were pardas (black), 44.5% were aged between 35 and 64, 50.32% had suffered moral and psychological violence and 41.1% involved women living in the capital, Maceió. Concerning Maceió, the results were very similar to those of Alagoas and the neighborhoods with the highest number of records were Benedito Bentes (11.74%), Cidade Universitária (11.05%) and Tabuleiro do Martins (7.55%), allowing us to conclude the presence of a pattern of violence against women in outskirts locations. Due to the seriousness of the physical, emotional, and psychological consequences, this panorama and problem should be a constant focus of debate and research in a country that has exorbitant rates of violence against women.

Before and after George Floyd and Breonna Taylor: citizen perceptions of a ‘Reasonable Officer’

ABSTRACT The extent to which the American ‘Black criminal’ stereotype and nonverbal cues of aggression influences community perceptions of citizen-officer interactions was examined. In three experiments, using a between-subjects, vignette-methodology depicting a domestic violence situation, participants (N = 838) read about a Black or White man displaying aggressive or nonaggressive nonverbal cues with a police officer. Participants rated aggression, subject and officer actions, and familiarity with cases involving Black Americans. Experiment 3 was conducted in July 2020 after the deaths of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor amid protests against police brutality. Aggressive displays by the vignette subject increased expectations of interpersonal violence between the subject and officer. The White man was perceived as more likely to aggress than the Black man (Exp 2 & 3). Case familiarity did not moderate perceptions (Exp 1 & 2); however, familiarity with George Floyd and Breonna Taylor (Exp 3) modified perceptions of the subject-officer interaction. Increased familiarity led to perceptions that the Black man was less of a threat than the White counterpart. Perceptions of a ‘reasonable officer’ are more complex and culturally driven than can be accounted for via stereotype activation. Implications for public perceptions of law enforcement and the justice system are considered.

Domestic Violence as a Human Rights Issue Beyond (Criminal) Accountability: A Brazilian Case Study

The article analyses the domestic implementation of the Maria da Penha Law, a Brazilian federal legal act to combat and prevent domestic and family violence against women. The article first introduces the trajectory of domestic violence from a private matter to a public concern as a human rights violation. Then the article contextualises the Brazilian feminist activism for legal reform and introduces the importance of the 2001 Maria da Penha case in the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights for the enactment of the Maria da Penha Law in 2006. Thereafter, the article presents the Maria da Penha Law’s legal provisions and its success in establishing special legal protection for women in situations of domestic violence, as well as it reflects on the Maria da Penha Law’s ongoing challenges. A critical analysis of the Brazilian reality demonstrates that offender criminal accountability is the most feasible remedy to domestic violence, whereas the fragmentation and fragility of state measures to protect and assist women in situations of violence perpetuates state neglect of women in the context of gender-based violence. Therefore, the Maria da Penha Law case study demonstrates that legal reform alone is insufficient to tackle domestic violence. Women’s effective access to legal protection and integrated and gender-aware public policies is pivotal to eradicating domestic violence against women.

Social capital of women who have been subjected to domestic violence

The article studies social capital of women who have been subjected to domestic violence. Cruelty and domestic violence are not a new social phenomenon in modern society, being one of the most global and widespread problems around the world. Mistreatment of relatives and domestic violence do not depend on social and economic status, level of education and profession, ethnicity, and race. The manifestation of violence and abuse in family negatively affects health and well-being of women’s capital. The main features and characteristics of women who have been subjected to violence are altruism, self-sacrifice, unstable and low self-esteem, dependence on partner, social passivity, non-self-sufficiency, insecurity, fear of men and anxiety, isolation, etc. The situation of domestic violence has deteriorated dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of family conflicts on domestic violence has increased all over the world. In 2020, the United Nations issued an appeal to the member countries to take enhanced measures to prevent domestic violence during quarantine. Family violence is an acute social problem on a global scale that needs to be addressed immediately. Russian society discusses a draft law aimed at preventing domestic violence. Its necessity is due to the increasing scale of domestic violence and family conflict.

The Order of Things by Kaija Langley

Reviewed by: The Order of Things by Kaija Langley Meg Cornell Langley, Kaija The Order of Things. Paulsen/Penguin, 2023 [288p] Trade ed. ISBN 9780593530900 $17.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9780593530917 $10.99 Reviewed from digital galleys R* Gr. 5-8 April’s Mama works the night shift for UPS, so the eleven-year-old girl lives in a quiet world of inverted sleep schedules, turned-off TVs, and definitely no drum sets. [End Page 330] Luckily, April’s best friend Zee’s place serves as a second home, and there, sound is welcome. Zee, aspiring to be the first Black violinist to lead the Boston Symphony Orchestra, practices his scales; New Orleanian drummer Papa Zee cracks terrible puns; and when Mama wakes up, she brings over baked ham for a family dinner set to jazz music. When Zee gets into a new school to foster his musical talents, April decides she should also start taking her own dream—becoming a rockstar drummer, like Sheila E.—more seriously, beginning drum lessons with Papa Zee. April makes percussive progress but generally can’t find a rhythm, missing Zee and unable to let anyone new in her life, when her world is entirely upended by Zee’s sudden death. This novel-in-verse is a steady roll that powerfully builds, like a satisfying drum solo, and Langley creates a beautiful (if tragic) symphony out of the rearrangement of characters and dynamics following Zee’s death, allowing for tender, heartrending expressions of intergenerational and found family caring in times of deep loss. April begins to see how she can make connections with and care for others in her community even in her grief, eventually helping a friend out of a domestic violence situation. Langley’s final verses provide readers reassurance that “All change leads to something different./ Different isn’t always easy, nor is it always bad./ It’s just different. And getting used to anything different takes time.” Fans of Kwame Alexander’s emotionally charged and character-driven verse novels will have no problem dancing to the beat of this drum. The included author’s note educates readers about sudden cardiac arrest. Copyright © 2023 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

The Organization of Outreach Work for Vulnerable Patients in General Practice during COVID-19: Results from the Cross-Sectional PRICOV-19 Study in 38 Countries.

The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected vulnerable populations' access to health care. By proactively reaching out to them, general practices attempted to prevent the underutilization of their services. This paper examined the association between practice and country characteristics and the organization of outreach work in general practices during COVID-19. Linear mixed model analyses with practices nested in countries were performed on the data of 4982 practices from 38 countries. A 4-item scale on outreach work was constructed as the outcome variable with a reliability of 0.77 and 0.97 at the practice and country level. The results showed that many practices set up outreach work, including extracting at least one list of patients with chronic conditions from their electronic medical record (30.1%); and performing telephone outreach to patients with chronic conditions (62.8%), a psychological vulnerability (35.6%), or possible situation of domestic violence or a child-rearing situation (17.2%). Outreach work was positively related to the availability of an administrative assistant or practice manager (p < 0.05) or paramedical support staff (p < 0.01). Other practice and country characteristics were not significantly associated with undertaking outreach work. Policy and financial interventions supporting general practices to organize outreach work should focus on the range of personnel available to support such practice activities.

Domestic Violence throughout the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Brief Review of the Impacts and Possibilities for Intervention

The Covid-19 pandemic stimulated social isolation and, as a result, many health systems stopped offering face-to-face assistance to users. Among the affected public, there are women in situations of domestic violence. This review aimed at investigating the impacts of the pandemic on domestic violence, as well as identifying which means of intervention were used along the period. It was found that domestic violence increased during the pandemic, but the number of complaints decreased, as a result of the greater proximity between victim and aggressor, with both staying at home throughout the days. New researches are needed so that other possibilities for intervention beyond the remote environment may be established.

Violence against women in the media during the Covid-19 pandemic.

To describe situations of violence against women in the Covid-19 pandemic reported in the media. Documentary, qualitative research, in a virtual environment, carried out with 39 reports published in the newspaper O Globo and the Universo On-line portal, between March 2020 and July 2021, in Salvador - BA. Data organization followed the steps of content analysis, with a discussion based on the scientific literature. In the analysis process, four core meanings were organized: social isolation denounces situations of domestic violence; Economic crisis and closed doors: justify more violence?; Tools available for ending violence against women: what changes with the pandemic?; The gender and color of violence in the pandemic. The media released alarming data on the intensification and susceptibility of women to different types and situations of violence, especially during social isolation, in the Covid-19 pandemic.

Repeated Domestic Violence Police Calls: A Closer Look at Three Case Situations

Police respond to high volumes of domestic violence (DV) calls that can be time-consuming and often deal with repeat involved persons, regardless of whether or not charges are laid. This study extracts and examines three distinct cases of individuals/couples that involved almost 2% of 3,414 domestic violence calls to police that occurred over about a 3-year period for a small-sized urban community and its surrounding rural areas in Ontario, Canada. Most of the calls (86.2%) for these three cases did not result in any charges being laid. Each case represented a unique problem focus common in DV situations, and all three cases involved children. Key issues for one case included substance use and the cycle of violence; in another case, mental health problems and parenting challenges were prominent; and the third case pertained to child custody and access issues. Acceptance of offered support and services by the involved persons was minimal in all three cases. Implications for improved police responses involving collaboration with other service providers in smaller communities with limited resources are discussed.