Space Situation Research Articles

Semiaffine stable planes

AbstractA locally compact stable plane of positive topological dimension will be called semiaffine if for every line L and every point p not in L there is at most one line passing through p and disjoint from L. We show that then the plane is either an affine or projective plane or a punctured projective plane (i.e., a projective plane with one point deleted). We also compare this with the situation in general linear spaces (without topology), where P. Dembowski showed that the analogue of our main result is true for finite spaces but fails in general.

Electric Arc Furnace Electrode Movement Control System Based on a Fuzzy Arc Length Identifier

From the point of view of the synthesis of control influences, arc steelmaking furnaces are complex nonlinear objects with strongly expressed mutual influences. It has been demonstrated that at a given supply voltage, the distribution of the current values of the phase currents in the quasi-steady-state mode makes it possible to estimate the situation in the arc space of an arc steelmaking furnace and identify the value of arc lengths. This dependence is preserved in transient modes. In order to identify arc lengths from the phase currents, it is proposed to use an approach based on the theory of fuzzy sets. The construction of the fuzzy arc length identifier rule base was carried out in two stages: the first stage used data from quasi-steady-state modes and the Wang–Mendel algorithm; the second stage involved adding a new rule to the database if the activity level of the formed rules was lower than the established level α for the data obtained in the dynamic mode. Further optimization of the parameters of the fuzzy identifier for operation in dynamic modes was carried out using the “back-propagation” algorithm. Based on the identified values of arc lengths, a control system for the movement of electrodes in an arc steelmaking furnace was synthesised. The proposed control system makes it possible to eliminate unproductive electrode movements due to changes in the situation in other phases of the arc steelmaking furnace and simplifies the application of modern methods of synthesising a control system for such complex objects. The results obtained in the mathematical model have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed control system for the movement of electrodes in an arc steelmaking furnace.

“Amphions Harp gaue sence vnto stone Walles”: The Five Senses and Musical–Visual Affect

In 1582 George Whetstone described the feeling of entering a barren Great Chamber the morning after a night of sparkling social and musical entertainments. Recounting the previous night’s activities, he reflected on the relationship between musical activity and space, saying ‘the Poets fayned not without reason, that Amphions Harp gaue sence vnto stone Walles’. This article explores the complex relationships between sensing, sociability, activity, and space through an in-depth examination of a late sixteenth- and seventeenth-century English interior design trend: personifications of the Five Senses. Using active imagining, it considers how the Five Senses engaged early modern English subjects in a dialectic between sensory/bodily absence and presence as a mode for exploring the precarious pleasure of holding the passions on the edge of balance. Looking at the spatial and musical-ritual framings of the Five Senses decoration at Knole House, Kent, it investigates how feeling, sensing bodies experienced musical–visual sensory interplay in early modern elite households. It seeks to better understand the aesthetic, emotional experiences of those who gave life to the musical, social situations in such spaces.

Beletristická rekonštrukcia portrétu Štefana Krčméryho z posledných rokov života (Anton Baláž, Povedz slovo čisté, 2017)

The novel’s portrayal of an unknown part of the life of Štefan Krčméry (1892 – 1955), his stay in a psychiatric asylum (1949–1955), belongs to the category of rare topics in contemporary Slovak fiction. In the novel Povedz slovo čisté, Anton Baláž gradually uncovers Krčméry’s complex, dramatic internal life through depictions of the onset and overcoming of apathetic states in the narrative, which also contains a series of diary entries by Júlia Orlovská, Krčméry’s attending physician. These entries record his lasting commitment to such values as the nation, religious faith, creative freedom, and the liberating space of literature. Carefully revealing his thoughts, attitudes and desires, Baláž completes the image of Krčméry as that of an artist, scientist, and preacher, who tries to hold on to these values even at the end of his life journey. Karol Matulay, the director of the treatment center in Pezinok, who is closely monitored by the new totalitarian regime, perceives him as a person with a „liberated imagination” or creative freedom, which can serve as a model for the „crouched imagination of Bratislava’s literati”. While the image of the final stage of Krčméry’s life seems more static, the fictitious character of Jakub Daňo, an ambitious student interested the world of literature, appears as a more dynamic and emotionally active character. According to the author, Krčméry confronts himself with the emotional experience of situations in time and space contained in his memory, with the time against which he is powerless and deprived of human dignity, due to his illness, but free. As a historical and sociological document, Baláž’s novel Povedz slovo čisté (2017) did not generate the „hero/heroes” of the current chaotic digital age; instead, the motivation behind his characters’ actions and behavior is timeless, while its empirical and epistemological value for the present-day reader is indisputable.

A station-keeping maneuver detection method of non-cooperative geosynchronous satellites

Orbit maneuver detection is one of the major concerns for the work of Space Situation Awareness of GEO protected region. In this study, we propose a non-cooperative GEO satellites station-keeping maneuver detection approach based on the two-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and the public Two-Line Element (TLE). The proposed method focuses on identifying “station-keeping categories” using the time series segments of TLE data. The time series TLE of the selected objects are converted into several equal-sized segments using a window slicing method. These segments are then used to train a two-dimensional CNN classification model that can divide the input data into three categories of maneuver. The applicability of the proposed method on satellites in the same orbital region were further tested using other objects that had not been included during the modeling process. Experimental results demonstrated the feasibility and robustness of the proposed method, with a classification macro F1-score of 94.45%, macro precision of 94.48%, and macro recall of 94.46%. The results suggest that the proposed method provides a promising solution for detecting GEO station-keeping maneuvers.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ПРИКЛАДНОГО ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА В СИСТЕМЕ ВЕРИФИКАЦИИ ИНФОРМАЦИИ СМИ И СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ МЕДИA

The article discusses theoretical and practical issues related to the use of IT (information technology) in media and social media information verification system. The actual nature of this problem is due to the specifics of the current situation in the information space. The development of modern technologies makes it possible to create and distribute deliberately false content, which in some cases practically cannot be separated from reliable information. This formulates a request for the creation of hybrid factchecking technologies that would allow combining traditional methods of information verification and the capabilities of applied AI (artificial intelligence). The solution of this problem is necessary, first of all, in the context of protection from falsified and unreliable information, the formation of media literacy of the audience. The article analyzes theoretical approaches to the implementation of this task, presented in the works of foreign and domestic researchers. Based on their conclusions, the authors present a description of their own author’s approach to the process of verifying information using AI technologies, consider examples and possibilities of their implementation in this context. The article also analyzes the methodology for verifying media and social media information within the framework of the international educational project #СТУДFACTCHECK, which has been functioning at the Institute of Philology and Journalism of the Lobachevsky National Research University since 2020 to the present. According to the authors of this study, the experience of the project can be used as a basic model in the process of developing a universal information verification system in Russia at the present stage, including with the use of applied artificial intelligence technologies. The involvement of IT specialists in the creation of methods for automating information verification processes with their subsequent implementation in the process of training future journalists and specialists in the field of mass communication is an urgent task, the implementation of which involves the interaction of IT specialists and socio-humanitarian knowledge.

Tensions in Data Journey Activities: Mobilising, Processing, Producing, and Re-purposing Data in Environmental Assessment Practice

Digital data shape work practices as they travel through space, time, and social situations. In turn, workers shape the materiality of data through different data-oriented activities. In this paper, we draw on theory of data journeys to develop and present a conceptual framework of four data-intensive activities: Producing, mobilising, processing, and re-purposing. Together, those activities capture entanglements of data transformations and data-intensive practices. We develop the framework through a qualitative study of digitisation in Environmental Assessment (EA) practice. EA practitioners reflect on their experiences working with digital environmental data through ten semi-structured and two interactive interviews. The paper offers two main contributions. First, we develop a data journey theoretical framework and show that it is useful as a unit of analysis for uncovering tensions in data-oriented activities. Second, we use these insights to outline a set of tensions for future design activities in the area of data work practices.

КОМПЛЕКСНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ТА ОЦІНКА ТЕРИТОРІЙ МІСТА ЯК ПЕРШОЧЕРГОВЕ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ПОТРЕБ ДЛЯ ФОРМУВАННЯ КОМФОРТНОГО ТА БЕЗПЕЧНОГО МІСЬКОГО ПРОСТОРУ

The formation of urban space that is comfortable and safe for its users is the highest goal of modern urban planning science. After analysing existing planning practices, it was found that the primary prerequisite for the formation of urban space is to determine the needs of the area, which are established after comprehensive analyses and assessment of the territories. The needs determine the direction of their development. This paper reviews the existing methods of analysis and assessment of territories and identifies their characteristic features that require analysis and assessment to establish clearer actions to improve the space. This article investigates the issue of comprehensive analysis and assessment of urban areas and their impact on the formation, reform and reconstruction of urban space. The purpose of this study was to systematize knowledge on the analysis and assessment of urban areas. Based on the identified problems, the prerequisites for the formation of a comfortable urban space for all levels of needs of its residents and users are established. In a modern city, many processes take place simultaneously, which affect the functional division of territories in accordance with the dominant activities on them. Formulating clear urban planning tasks helps to: preserve the positive and change the negative characteristics of urban space, take into account the views of local residents and space users, analyse investment opportunities, primarily to understand the material prospects of the area. A comprehensive analysis and assessment of the city's territories allows identifying problems or conflict situations in the urban space that negatively affect its functioning, development and comfort. Usually, the definition of city comfort is defined as a separate assessment criterion, but in the author's opinion, it is the formation of a comfortable urban space that is the main task for urbanists, which includes many criteria that ensure the safety, environmental friendliness, identity and modernity of the space in accordance with the needs of the local community. As a result of the research, it was found that supplementing the existing practices and methods of analyzing and assessing urban space in accordance with the current needs of urban planning would allow for a better and more relevant formation of the urban space that is needed by the resident and its user.

The space sustainability paradox

The recent growth of the space sector, spurred by a surge in private actors, has led to a sharp increase in our ability to address societal challenges through space data. However, this has exacerbated an already critical situation in space: the proliferation of space debris and a critical expansion of space traffic which is leading to high levels of orbital congestion. In parallel, increased levels of spacecraft production and orbital launches are also heightening the environmental footprint of the sector. This might lead to a paradoxical situation whereby the use of space to support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) becomes unsustainable from the perspective of both the Earth and space environment. This situation can be described as the ‘space sustainability paradox’. This paper presents this concept for the first time and argues that existing policies and remediation actions are not a long-term sustainable solution for tackling this issue and may actually intensify the problem. This places an added importance upon addressing space sustainability in a more coherent, strategic and responsible manner, potentially based on the doughnut economic model of social and planetary boundaries. Doing so may prevent the sector from falling victim to a ‘tragedy of the commons’ type of scenario and avoid negative trends from becoming the norm. As a result, this would ensure that outer space can continue to be used by future generations to address societal challenges, without priming severe and enduring damage to the Earth and space environment.

Urban Renewal Path, Streetscape Enhancement, take green as a Strategy: a case study in Mong Kok

Rapid urbanization and high-density development will continue to reduce people's access to nature, which has aroused people's concern about the quality of urban green spaces. Urban green spaces have been recognized as a vital element in enhancing the overall livability and aesthetics of cities. As an integral component of urban green space, street greening is a commonly employed strategy within streetscape enhancement, with the aim of enhancing the overall appearance and functionality of urban streets. However, strategies for green spaces as a common enhancement method along street environments should be reevaluated. This paper aims to investigate how open spaces can play a crucial role in enhancing street environments and address the challenges of limited public space in high-density cities like Hong Kong. The study is conducted in Mong Kok, in Hong Kong which serves as a unique example of high-density urban streets. In the context of the urban framework from 1950s, Mong Kok's spatial constraints coexists with its continuous and vibrant street facades, giving rise to its unique Mong Kok culture and becoming a distinctive emblem of Hong Kong’s street character. Based on the present situation and challenges of public open space in Hong Kong and the review of international cases, theories and policies, this paper discusses the methods to strategize the shortage of urban public space while improving its quality. As a result, more opportunities will be provided for leisure and social interaction and ultimately enriching the quality and sustainability of public realm as a whole.

An interview with Dr. Tim Flohrer: On low Earth orbit orbital debris mitigation, avoidance, and tracking

MIT Science Policy Review spoke with Dr. Tim Flohrer about his perspective on policy and technological aspects of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) orbital debris mitigation, avoidance, and tracking. Dr. Flohrer is the Head of the Space Debris Office at the European Space Agency (ESA). He holds a PhD in Physics and Astronomy from the University of Bern and a Master’s in Geodesy from the Dresden University of Technology. He joined the Space Debris Office as an engineer in 2007 and since 2014, he has worked for ESA’s Space Situational Awareness Programme (SSA) and Space Safety Programme, and he currently leads activities addressing the monitoring of space debris. In parallel, he also supports operational collision avoidance activities for ESA and third-party missions, re-entry predictions, mitigation analyses, long-term predictions of the space debris environment, and space debris risk assessments. Additionally, he is a delegate to the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC). Because of his ties to ESA and deep technological knowledge, he brings a valuable, and often overlooked, international perspective on the orbital debris mitigation, avoidance, and tracking space.

Using zoom as a computer-supported collaborative learning tool: modeling of relations between technology acceptance, knowledge-sharing behaviours, community of inquiry, and social interaction space

ABSTRACT This research, students’ technology acceptance, KSB, community of inquiry (CoI), and social interaction space situations were examined in collaborative learning where Zoom was used as a CSCL tool in computer programming courses, and the structural relationships between these variables were revealed. The research was carried out on 162 university students studying in the field of computer science education and taking computer programming courses through flipped learning. Within the scope of the research, the students were divided into CSCL groups of three and carried out collaborative learning. The study was carried out according to the correlational research method, and path analysis was performed. Research findings for the CSCL activities carried out in the Zoom environment has been determined that technology acceptance, KSB, CoI, and social interaction space are at a high level. According to the results of the research, it has been seen that the technology acceptance status of the students in the CSCL environment has a direct and high impact on the KSB, CoI, and social interaction space. In addition, it was found that the increase in students’ social interaction space perceptions in the CSCL process has a direct effect on CoI.

How Could Increasing Temperature Scenarios Alter the Risk of Terrorist Acts in Different Historical Squares? A Simulation-Based Approach in Typological Italian Squares

Squares in the urban historical built environment are public open spaces prone to the risk of terrorist acts, essentially because they are ideal soft targets and attract significant user densities. Risk assessment methods should consider how users behave in them, both before and during an accident (i.e., the evacuation process). In addition to squares’ morphology and layout, and considering that urban areas are more and more prone to the effects of increasing temperatures, outdoor climate conditions can alter the initial scenario. In fact, such conditions can lead users to gather in specific outdoor areas, where they can look for shadows and shelter. This work hence proposes a simulation-based approach to assess how differences in users’ behaviours in response to increasing temperatures and squares’ morphology can alter the risk of terrorist acts in an emergency evacuation. An agent-based model is developed to simulate the interactions between users, hazards and the historical built environment. The work considers four typological squares prone to terrorist acts since they host a special building attracting users in front of it. These squares are derived from the analysis of Italian historical contexts within the BE S2ECURe project. Users are generated in the public open space (thus, before the terrorist act) depending on the intended uses of the square and on the outdoor temperature, which is affected by the square’s morphology. Three different users’ behaviours are modelled to consider (or not) the effects of the outdoor temperature on users’ thermal acceptability levels in an increasing temperature situation. Then, two evacuation scenarios are simulated: (a) a general evacuation process, without attackers, as the baseline for the risk assessment; and (b) an armed assault with cold weapons, to define one of the most probable attack situations in open spaces. Evacuation performance indicators are developed to assess users’ risk. Preliminary verifications demonstrate the capabilities of the approach. The results show that higher differences in evacuation indicators are noticed in large and asymmetric squares, since their conditions highly affect the variability of users’ behaviours in response to increasing temperatures. At the same time, stronger safety behaviours in response to increasing temperatures could reduce emergency issues because they allow users to be more dispersed and initially placed farther from the attack area. Decision-makers could take advantage of the proposed approach and simulation tool, moving towards an effectiveness analysis of solutions to increase the thermal comfort of users in respect of the risk levels during an evacuation. Finally, applications to real-world scenarios are thus encouraged to compare such idealized results with effective conditions.

FORMATION OF INDEPENDENCE OF CHILDREN OF SENIOR PRESCHOOL AGE BY MEANS OF PROBLEM TASKS

Considering the current situation in the educational space of Ukraine, the teacher should cultivate in the younger generation the ability to analyze, think critically, find solutions to problems, develop a personality capable of taking responsibility for their own actions and deeds. In this context, the problem of independence education is relevant, significant both in theoretical and practical aspects. We associate perspective ways of research with the study of the implementation of modern scientific approaches to the transformation of the pedagogical process, increasing attention to the personality of the child as an agent of cognitive activity, providing him with freedom of choice of activities and forms of participation in it, democratization of the educational process on the basis of cooperation between teachers and pupils, differentiation of education and training, development of flexible pedagogical technologies that best meet the needs and capabilities of pupils, in their independent mastering of various aspects of life. In this context, problem tasks that put the child in a situation where he/she is encouraged to use various methods of mental activity (comparison, analysis, synthesis, classification) are of undeniable value. This activates independence, the ability to find ways to solve problems, draw conclusions and generalize. Therefore, the aim of the study is the search for effective ways to form independence in children of senior preschool age. Studying the formation of independence as a basic personal quality in children of senior preschool age, we were guided by the fact that the independence of children of this age group is best manifested in new unfamiliar situations. By solving them, children can demonstrate independence of thought, originality of ways to solve the problem. In the light of this, we took into account the children's interest in independent actions in the conditions of choosing between the new and the familiar; independence and autonomy of actions in relation to the adult; ways of solving the problem; the result of the activity. As a result of the experimental study, we found that a significant number of children in the experimental group do not realize the possibilities of independence and do not reach the optimal level of its formation. The search for ways to solve this problem made it possible to identify effective means of forming independence in children of senior preschool age, among which a special place is occupied by problem solving tasks. They put children in the conditions of practical search for a solution to the problem, which pushes them to search independently, awakens the child's opinion, forms non-standard thinking. Such tasks encourage children to express their original ideas, to analyze problematic and ambiguous situations, to establish cause-and-effect relationships, to think over the situation, to build hypotheses, which also stimulates independence of thinking, flexibility of mind, develops creative abilities of the child. Thus, problem-bases tasks effectively influence the development of preschoolers' independence as an integral quality of personality.

An Affordance Study on Healing Public Space in University Campus—— A Case Study of Shenzhen Campus of Jinan University

The campus space of universities is an important part of cities’ public environment and the main activity space for college students. This paper takes the self-developed PPGIS mobile terminal as the research tool, the perceptual map combined with a questionnaire as the research method, and 90 college students in Shenzhen Campus of Jinan University as the research objects to investigate the current affordance situation of the healing public space in universities and the affordance of ideal university space for college students. The findings are as follows: (1) The analytical structure of affordance on the healing campus space presents the characteristics: used affordance> perceived affordance > shaped affordance. (2) In the ideal environment, the number of perceived affordances has little change, while that of used affordance and shaped affordance increases, among which the latter increases the most. (3) In an ideal environment, " fitness equipment" is expanded into " activity facilities", " roads" into " characteristic roads", and " plants" into " ecological category". In addition, three types of environmental elements such as " sports venues", " landscape pieces" and " water bodies" are added. (4) The environmental elements that provide different levels of affordance in the current environment are all basic and meet the requirements of normal life, while the depth of those that provide different levels of affordance in the ideal environment has increased.

Image-Like Situational Difference Mapping (ILSDM)-Based Method for Detecting Anomalies in Electromagnetic Environment

Electromagnetic environment anomaly radiation source detection (EMEARD) can provide a basis for electromagnetic (EM) equipment behavior cognition and battlefield threat assessment. Existing methods mainly focus on generating EM space situations but ignore the research on anomaly signal detection. In this paper, the connections between information geometry and performance of sensor networks for anomaly detection are explored. Nonlinear estimation methods based on information geometry can be directly used for anomaly detection. However, Riemann distance as a metric function faces the disadvantages of extensive computation and high complexity. To tackle this issue here, we propose a method based on image-like situation difference mapping, namely ILSDM. which takes the data-driven strategy to obtain the analytic expression of situation difference mapping distance function (DMDF), and anomaly detection is equivalent to the mapping reconstruction of information geometry. Firstly, the EM space situation is acquired through the distributed sensor network. In addition, to solve the perceptual blind area problem, the sensors’ data is estimated by spatial autocovariance optimal interpolation algorithm (Kriging). Secondly, we apply the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to fit the statistical features of each sensing node into probability density function (PDF), and adjacent sensors with similar PDF are fused by the neighbor average fusion method (NAF). Then, based on the information geometry, the fused PDFs are mapped to the Riemannian manifold space as a series of coordinates, and we further propose to use image-like situation (ILS) to represented the EM space situation. Finally, DMDF measures the information distance between different ILSs to achieve anomaly detection. Numerical simulations and real experiments were conducted to prove the superiority and feasibility of our method for anomaly detection in EM space.

Human-Powered Master Controllers for Reconfigurable Fluidic Soft Robots.

Fluidic soft robots have the advantages of inherent compliance and adaptability, but they are significantly restricted by complex control systems and bulky power devices, including fluidic valves, fluidic pumps, electrical motors, as well as batteries, which make it challenging to operate in narrow space, energy shortage, or electromagnetic sensitive situations. To overcome the shortcomings, we develop portable human-powered master controllers to provide an alternative solution for the master-slave control of the fluidic soft robots. Each controller can supply multiple fluidic pressures to the multiple chambers of the soft robots simultaneously. We use modular fluidic soft actuators to reconfigure soft robots with various functions as control objects. Experimental results show that flexible manipulation and bionic locomotion can be simply realized using the human-powered master controllers. The developed controllers which eliminate energy storage and electronic components can provide a promising candidate of soft robot control in surgical, industrial, and entertainment applications.

Neural network models for situation similarity assessment in hybrid-CBR

The case-based reasoning method has a high potential for solving tasks of intelligence decision-support. To implement it, it is necessary to solve the problem of comparing situations and selecting the one that is most similar to the current situation in the knowledge base. The problem arises in the case of heterogeneous objects and situations with many different types of parameters and their possible uncertainty. In this paper, an approach based on machine (deep) learning is investigated for this task. It is proposed to carry out the process of selecting situations and solutions from the knowledge base in two stages: recognition of the states of the elements of a complex object and the relationships between them, then the formation of a representation of the situation in the state space and its use for comparing situations using neural networks. An ensemble neural network model based on a multi-layer network is proposed. It successfully simulates the cognitive functions of a human (expert), correctly selects similar situations and ranks them according to the similarity parameter. Proposed neural network models provide the implementation of a hybrid-CBR approach for decision-making on complex objects.

Pseudo-Riemann’s quartics in Finsler’s geometry—two-dimensional case

Finsler’s geometry usually describes an extension of Riemmann’s geometry into a direction-dependent geometric structure. Historically, the well-known Riemann’s quartic length element example served as the inspiration for this construction. Surprisingly, the covariant Fresnel equation—a fundamental dispersion relation in solid-state electrodynamics—emerges as the exact same quartic expression. As a result, Riemann’s quartic length expression can be regarded of as a mathematical representation of a well-known physical phenomenon. In this study, we offer numerous Riemann’s quartic examples that show Finsler’s geometry, even in the situation of a positive definite Euclidean signature space, is too restrictive for many applications. The strong axioms of Finsler’s geometry are violated in a substantially greater number of distinctive subsets for the spaces having an indefinite (Minkowski) signature. We suggest a weaker characterization of Finsler’s structure based on explicitly calculated two-dimensional examples. In tangential vector space, this concept permits singular subsets. Only open subsets of a manifold’s tangent bundle are required to satisfy the strong axioms of Finsler’s geometry. We demonstrate the distinctive unique subsets of the Riemann’s quartic in two dimensions and briefly discuss their possible physical origins.

초등학생의 실생활문제해결역량 발달을 위한 앙트러프러너십 교육프로그램 개발과 실행 효과

Objectives This study was to develop an entrepreneurship education program for the development of real-life problem-solving competences in elementary school, and to investigate the effects after conducting classes.
 Methods For the development of an entrepreneurship education program, a draft was devised through literature research and learner's demand analysis. And the final draft was developed through expert evaluation of the draft. Introspection data were collected during the course of class in this program. After class, 25 participating students were divided into 6 groups, and focus group interviews (FGI) were conducted. The data collected in this way were analyzed according to the content analysis method to find out the effectiveness of the educational program.
 Results Through the classes of the entrepreneurship education program, the students went through the 16 class hour. In this process, students were able to develop application and analysis of knowledge, communication skills, creativity, leadership and execution skills. In addition, in the process of problem-solving, students were able to obtain positive effects such as challenging spirit for difficulties, positive self-awareness, and self-efficacy.
 Conclusions The point of entrepreneurship education program is to find empathic problems in real life, create solutions, and put them into practice. Entrepreneurship education program is useful as an educational method to develop competencies necessary for the future society. Entrepreneurship education is to discover and define problems from unstructured situations in real life spaces, and to directly practice solutions created while interacting through team activities. Entrepreneurship education is an educational method that internalizes problem-solving capabilities and is an essential method for fostering future social capabilities.