Space Situation Research Articles

Investigative Ethnography: A Spatial Approach to Economies of Violence

ABSTRACTBased on research in Colombia, this article argues that violent economic situations in specific spaces can be productively studied through a hybrid style of research that combines techniques of investigative journalism with the conceptual and methodological commitments of ethnographic inquiry. “Investigative ethnography,” as this marriage of epistemologies and methods could be called, can help researchers manage the practical problems of access—meaning access to people, sites, and information—within the spaces produced by violent forms of capital accumulation. Questions of space and spatiality are central to investigative ethnography’s approach to these violent economic ensembles. Although oriented toward research on the systematic use of force for profit, this article’s methodological considerations and practical recommendations are also relevant for scholars conducting fieldwork in other kinds of violent spaces and difficult settings.

On the History of the Modern Exhibition Movement in Ukraine in the late 1980s: Artist Sergey Sviatchenko as a Leader in the Formation of Avant-Garde Expositions

It is shown that in the late 1980s, during the Perestroika era, among the avant-garde artists in Kiev, the exhibition process perked up. In the last three years of the decade several resonant exhibitions were held, the Center for Contemporary Art “Soviart” was created and several creative art groups were formed. It is explained that such animation was the result of almost instantaneous release of artistic consciousness from stagnant forms not only of the creative process itself, but also of its organization, thanks to Perestroika actions. The artists who took part in the exhibitions of that time, created themselves creative names as prominent figures of the artistic movement, and still continue to influence the situation in the artistic space. One of them was Kharkov artist Sergey Sviatchenko (b. 1952), who has been living in Denmark since 1993. It is shown that, participating in these exhibitions as a collage artist and being an architect of the exposition, Sviatchenko used the techniques of plane image in the organization of the exhibition space. Thanks to Sviatchenko’s creative approach, artistic abilities of his collage thinking, the architectural and planning organization of the space of the first exhibitions of contemporary Ukrainian art gained logical completeness, compositional originality and a clear essential orientation.

The Study on Equivalent Analysis Method of Optical Scattering Characteristics of Space Objects

The optical observation of Space objects, it is an important component of Space Situation awareness, which is a significant means of obtaining information and developing objects recognition. The optical characteristics are important features of the spatial objectives that allow us to carry out the main elements of optical observation and analysis. In this paper, the target detection, feature extraction and recognition in the space target monitoring task are analyzed and studied systematically, the optical scattering characteristics of the space target and the equivalent analysis of the ground laboratory are analyzed. And the most important influencing factor, atmospheric attenuation, which was analyzed and calculated. Based on MODTRAN, we made the atmospheric attenuation calculation module was developed to correct the atmospheric attenuation factors. Finally, the equivalent analysis of the simulated and actual measurements in the laboratory is carried out and the irradiance of the equivalent space target is obtained.

Optical-and-radar Image Fusion for Dynamic Estimation of Spin Satellites.

As more and more satellites are launched into the space, dynamic estimation of spin satellites has become a critical component of the space situation awareness application. Some explored studies using exterior measurements from different sensors such as optical device and inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) to estimate dynamic parameters of spin satellites. As a single sensor normally provides two-dimensional observation, three-dimensional estimations resulting from these algorithms are strictly related to the prior knowledge of targets characteristics. As a result, it is difficult to expand these methods to other satellites. In order to support the dynamic estimation of most spin satellites, this paper presents a novel dynamic estimation approach which employs synchronized optical-and-radar images. The optical-and-radar fusion strategy has demonstrated its superiority in image analysis field, and breaks down the dynamic estimation of spin satellites into two sub-problems: target attitude estimation and spin parameters estimation. In this work, the proposed algorithm deduces two explicit expressions of target dynamic parameters under the imaging projection model of the joint optical-and-radar observation. Through the particle swarm optimization (PSO), target dynamic parameters are determined in two stages. This paper presents some experiments illustrating the feasibility of the proposed method and subsequent conclusions, which reflect advantages of the joint optical-and-radar observation mode in image interpretation.

Estudio léxico-semántico de la jerga en la expresión de los estudiantes de pregrado

El objetivo fue registrar el corpus de la jerga o lenguaje juvenil de los estudiantes de pregrado de la Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga. El material que se usó fueron las fuentes bibliográficas, encuesta y la observación directa; se aplicó el método inductivo. La investigación fue de tipo básico y el nivel descriptivo básico, con enfoque cuantitativo. Dentro de los resultados de la configuración de la jerga estudiantil aparecen varios fenómenos tales como la creación de léxico a partir de una situación específica de los estudiantes, la múltiple valoración de lexías en la estructuración de la jerga y el uso de los préstamos por influencia de otras lenguas como el quechua. Conclusión: A partir de los datos obtenidos, se puede señalar que más que ser una jerga estudiantil es la expresión de los adolescentes. Se concluye que las expresiones, léxicos y préstamos empleados por los estudiantes universitarios pertenecen a un grupo juvenil general que comparten el mismo espacio y situaciones sociales, en este caso en la Universidad.

Comparative Study on the Choice of Muslim migrants Residence in Xi’an and Lanzhou Cities, China

Residential choice is one of the basic contents of urban adaptation of the floating population and an important aspect in determining the quality of life in the city. This study is for Muslim migrants with three attributes (minority, floating population and religious belief). The purpose is to reveal the commonalities and differences in the choice of living spaces of Muslim Migrants in multi-ethnic cities Lanzhou and Xi’an, to provide guidance for the targeted management of Muslim migrants and promote their urban integration. Based on available research data from 2017-2019, the study adopts spatial analysis and regression analysis to explore the results of the selection of Muslim migrants living space in two cities and its influencing factors. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The commonality of Muslim migrants living space in the two cities lies in: the distribution pattern of “Living around the mosque and running business nearby the mosque” still exists. The living space of Muslim migrants consists of points (mosques), lines (streets or traffic lines), and faces (inhabited areas), forming a spatial distribution pattern of the “mosque + community” residential circle. Differences: Muslim migrants in Hui’s street, Xi’an, taking the “Mosque-alley system” as an independent social organization, and their living space presents a " mosque-alley Interlaced" distribution. Muslim migrants living in the urban village community on the periphery of Hui’s street take "mosque" and "farm market" as the dual core, showing the “core (mosque/market) + community” inlaid living space situation. The Muslim migrants in Lanzhou generally live around the mosque or close to the streets and roads that lead to mosque. 2). In terms of commonality, the living choices of Muslim migrants in both cities consider the distance from the place of work, the mosque or the Muslim community to the place of residence. In terms of differences, the residential choice of Muslim migrants in Xi’an is mainly influenced by the composition of the living, the income of wages, and the nature of the occupation. The choice is mainly influenced by the rent level, occupational nature and wage income of the house; and the main influencing factors of the choice of Muslim migrants in Lanzhou are the education level and the rent level of the house. The main influencing factors of residential location selection are education level and mobility purpose. The level of education, traditional living customs, and rent levels have become the core factors determining the urban accommodation adaptation of Muslim migrants.

Efficient and accurate error propagation in the semi-analytic orbit dynamics system for space debris

Orbital error provides a strict accuracy description of the space object’s state in a perturbing environment and plays a vital role in space situation awareness (SSA) related tasks like space conjunction analysis. However, challenge occurs for hundreds of thousands of space debris that how efficiently and accurately can the orbital error be propagated in a way that agrees well with the nonlinear orbit dynamics system (ODS). In this paper, the problem is addressed by propagating the orbital error in the semi-analytic ODS (SODS). By applying the multiscaling technique to separate out the effects of a perturbation acting on an orbit in short-periodic and long-term time scales, the developed SODS allows the long-term error component to be propagated by numerically integrating the mean equations with 1-day step, while the short-periodic error component is analytically recovered. Performance of the error propagation in the SODS is verified using statistical state moments of 104 samples of two low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites. Experimental results from the Monte Carlo simulation demonstrate that the SODS is capable of propagating orbital error that can well capture the statistical characteristics of predicted states in terms of the error magnitude. More importantly, the computational efficiency of the SODS against the high-fidelity ODS is improved by nearly 95%, making it attractive for the error propagation of numerous debris.

From the Seas to Outer Space: The Reverse Dynamics of Civil-Military Situational Awareness Information and Responsibility Sharing

Data collection and information sharing are at the core of any traffic control system. In particular, Maritime Situational Awareness—restricted in this article to one of its main components, the automatic identification system (AIS)—and Space Situational Awareness (SSA) are the backbones of, respectively, maritime and space traffic control frameworks. While the AIS has been initiated by civil authorities for civil purposes and is now being adopted by navies around the world, SSA, originally developed by the military to protect national security assets in outer space is progressively transferred to civil actors. This article shows how and why the intrinsically different nature and history of maritime and space traffics generated a totally reverse approach towards information and responsibility sharing in support to traffic control, while presenting current proposals for the evolution of SSA.

Conceptualization of the experience of the individual in the educational space in the light of scientific rationality as a problem of professional identity in global and sociocultural dynamics

As a problem, professional identity associated with the educational space is investigated from the position of belonging to professional groups. The contradictory state of education in the modern world actualizes the problem of identity in the educational space from the perspective of classical modern European rationality with its focus on the scientific forms of cognition, knowledge. The current situation in the world educational space is developed in the ambiguity of the idea of the world, which is expressed in the crisis of universalism and cognitive integrity: the place of rational knowledge in culture is replaced by mythic ideas. The way of thinking exists independently of the individual. The transfer of thinking is a learning task. However, at the present stage, with a sharp increase in the amount of information reported, the emphasis is on formalizing of the educational process, rather than constructivizing. The teacher’s responsibility as a carrier of scientific rationality, which primarily defines the universal meaning of human activity in the transmission of social experience and knowledge, is growing. The level of education of a person is a measure of implementation of the possibility of his/her formation, taking into account the dichotomous nature of the individual's socialization and professional identity based on it. Such a holistic perception of the world will allow gaining a deep understanding of the essence of things, fitting science into the cultural context of modernity.

Adaptive Consensus-Based Unscented Information Filter for Tracking Target with Maneuver and Colored Noise.

Distributed state estimation plays a key role in space situation awareness via a sensor network. This paper proposes two adaptive consensus-based unscented information filters for tracking target with maneuver and colored measurement noise. The proposed filters can fulfill the distributed estimation for non-linear systems with the aid of a consensus strategy, and can reduce the impact of colored measurement noise by employing the state augmentation and measurement differencing methods. In addition, a fading factor that shrinks the predicted information state and information matrix can suppress the impact of dynamical model error induced by target maneuvers. The performances of the proposed algorithms are investigated by considering a target tracking problem using a space-based radar network. This shows that the proposed algorithms outperform the traditional consensus-based distributed state estimation method in aspects of tracking stability and accuracy.

Landau damping of acoustic waves at the effect of variable dust size and charge of plasma dust grains

Landau damping is a phenomena observed in plasma wherein there is an exponential decay in the oscillations of the number density of electrons in a plasma, Collisionless damping of electrical waves in plasma is investigated in the frame of the classical formulation of the problem. The effect of variable dust size and charge on the Landau damping of acoustic waves is studied in presence of hybrid nontheremal nonextensive electrons. Based on the kinetic theory, landau damping of dust acoustic waves (DAWs) propagating characteristics in a dusty plasma with negatively charged dust grains and Maxwellian ion distribution is investigated using Vlasov – Poisson`s equations. The charging of dust grains is described by the orbital-motion-limited theory and the size of the dust grains obeys the power law dust size distribution. the dependence of the wave frequency 𝜔 on the difference between the largest and the smallest dust radius for different wave numbers are plotted, also Phase diagram of the Landau damping as a function of both the grain radius of dusty plasma and the wave number are plotted, there are three different regions in the diagram.The present study is useful in the space situations where such distribution exists.

Space Syntax Analysis On Level Of Security And Privacy Of Road Space. Case Study: Campus Area Of Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta

The road space is not solely reserved for the public interest. In some examples can also be used exclusively for the residents of a region that have been designed from the beginning or through some post-occupancy adjustments. In the case of the campus of Gadjah Mada University (UGM) area, there are road spaces that become public facilities that pushing the campus authority to create access modifications (by closing or fencing) for the security and/or privacy purposes. How much the level of security and privacy that is obtained, in this paper were analyzed using space syntax. Through its ability to analyze the quality of space connectedness, space syntax can be used to measure the level of security and privacy refers to a benchmark proposed by Reis (2003) uses the value of the integration space. Integration of road space that is worth the low/weak (RA and RRA = 1 or more) has a low level of security but more private. While the high-value/strong integration (RA close to 0 and RRA = 0.4 to 0.6) have a high level of security but less privacy. Through the obtained analysis; a large enough degree of privacy is achieved, especially in the area of Central Office/Rectorate Building and surrounding areas, however, it become unsafe due to the activity-deserted road space situation and lack of supervision.

“This Looks Like Chinatown!”: Contested Geographies and the Transformation of Social Space in Jyatha, Kathmandu

AbstractAs tourists from China account for a larger and larger share of Nepal's tourism economy, Jyatha—a small neighborhood in Kathmandu—has absorbed a substantial portion of the Chinese businesses catering to this booming demographic. Its landscape is heavily populated with Chinese businesses, leading Nepalis (and others) to increasingly refer to the space with the English term “Chinatown.” Drawing on Low's (2000) and Chuang and Trémon's (2013) conceptual frameworks of space, this article analyzes three central dimensions to the emergence of a Chinatown in Jyatha. First, it describes the social production of Chinatown space, the physical conversion of the material landscape. Specifically, I analyze the prevalence and prominence of commercial signs as a proxy for quantifying the degree of Chinese incursion into Jyatha. Second, the article turns to the social construction of Chinatown space, or the way in which the material space of Jyatha gets encoded with ambivalent meanings. Nepali narrations of the neighborhood highlight local anxieties regarding cultural autonomy and, more acutely, differential economic advantage. Third, the article discusses the social situation of Chinatown space, or the way in which the site of Jyatha gets discursively rescaled to address regional and global concerns. Nepalis frequently understand Jyatha to embody broader geopolitical narratives—regarding China's ascendance on the world stage, and especially as this relates to the Nepal's regional center of gravity vis‐à‐vis India. These three aspects—production, construction, and situation—converge in Jyatha. Through such practices, Nepalis simultaneously reiterate and contest the emergence of Chinatown. In so doing, they discursively challenge sociopolitical, economic, and spatial inequality at several scales.

Is it Possible to Build a Profitable Maintenance Business in the Market of Heavy Medical Equipment in the B2G Segment?

The relevance of the study is defined by the dramatic situation associated with the new high-margin medical device market in Russian Federation. The study shows the industry practice of heavy medical equipment maintenance2 and challenges in shaping the business model in conditions of legislative and regulatory gaps, an objective deficit of qualified technical experts and the poor quality of maintenance at public healthcare. The relevance of the article is formed by the absence of formal and informal rules of market performance. There is no consentience neither in the legislative, executive and judicial authorities, nor among the healthcare managers, suppliers (including Company’s subsidiary in Russia) and consumers (healthcare sites) of complex medical equipment. The problem is also dramatized by the black-market spare parts supply in Russia and the trend to its validation by the authorities. It’s difficult to embrace the phenomenon, to define values and goals, and specify ethical and practical results. Low development of theoretical economy rules at the new market cause the uncertainty of business compliance in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to identify the basic theoretical foundations at the emerging market of heavy medical equipment that have an impact on the development of this innovative sector of the economy. The research item is presented as a KeyKis and defined as follows: Is it possible to build a profitable maintenance business at the market of heavy medical equipment (HME) in the B2G segment and guarantee its high-quality in the situation of legislative loophole? The answers could serve as a basis for development the legislative provision and maintenance guidelines, as well for forming managerial and marketing strategies for the company. The research methods consist in examining this phenomenon in a particular challenging situation in time, space and interrelation of key participants of the emerging industry market, including public and private stakeholders, domestic and foreign businesses, responsible and irresponsible characters. The case study (KeyKis) is based on authoring tools of academic economy that are applied in practice: the product matrix, the market carotid (3-D economy model), the amplified marketing strategy matrix. The research results show the mutual influence of stakeholders on the new market branch of medical technologies and business development opportunities at the heavy medical equipment maintenance market in Russian Federation. The practical importance of the paper is to facilitate the definition of difficult economic situation, provide guidelines for strategic processing and apply these tools to practical management.

Геопросторовий аналіз як метод космічної ситуаційної обізнаності

The current state of space activity in the field of defense of Ukraine does not fully provide for the solution of the tasks of the state’s defense capability and requires substantial improvement. In particular, the direction of monitoring near-Earth space and the formation of reliable space situational awareness at different levels of government and military control. The space component (space reconnaissance, satellite navigation, satellite communications, etc.) of the Russian hybrid war against Ukraine, which is provided by the powerful rocket and space industry and the space forces of the Russian Federation, actualizes and sharpens this problem. The weakness of the domestic infrastructure monitoring of space and the lack of specialized (primarily radar and direction finding) means of operational round-the-clock reconnaissance of the space situation necessitate the development and application of information-analytical and software-algorithmic methods and methods for detecting, identifying (recognizing) and tracking spacecraft and their orbital groupings. Based on the analysis of modern foreign and domestic experience in the formation of space situational awareness, experience in applying the geoinformation approach and conducting geospatial analysis in various fields of activity geospatial analysis as a method of space situational awareness, developed bschaya sequence of the meeting. Directions for further research regarding the development of general and partial algorithms for geospatial analysis to solve problems of identification, identification (recognition) and maintenance of orbital and ground-based elements of space systems, conducting field experiments, which should confirm the workability of geospatial analysis as a method of space situational awareness, and develop recommendations on its use in the practice of domestic space activities in s national security and defense.

The Public Space Pattern research of Guangfu Traditional Villages Based on Spatial Syntax: A Case Study of Huangpu Village in Guangzhou City, China

Based on the space syntax technique and the field investigation of the famous Huangpu Village of Guangzhou city in China, this paper analyzes the current situation of the public space of Guangfu traditional villages and the evolution of historical context and sums up the characteristics of the traditional village public space pattern, which can bring lessons and inspiration to the current update model of public space organizations in Chinese villages.

Electroacoustic Waves in a Collision-Free Magnetized Superthermal Bi-Ion Plasma

The electroacoustic waves, particularly ion-acoustic waves (IAWs), and their expansion in the medium of a magnetized collision-free plasma system has been investigated theoretically. The plasma system is assumed to be composed of both positively and negatively charged mobile ion species and kappa-distributed hot electron species. In the nonlinear perturbation regime, the magnetized Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) and magnetized modified KdV (mKdV) equations are derived by using reductive perturbation method. The prime features (i.e., amplitude, phase speed, width, etc.) of the IAWs are studied precisely by analyzing the stationary solitary wave solutions of the magnetized KdV and magnetized mKdV equations, respectively. It occurs that the basic properties of the IAWs are significantly modified in the presence of the excess superthermal hot electrons, obliqueness, the plasma particle number densities, etc. It is also observed that, in case of magnetized KdV solitary waves, both compressive and rarefactive structures are formed, whereas only compressive structures are found for the magnetized mKdV solitary waves. The implication of our results in some space and laboratory plasma situations is concisely discussed.

SEGUIMIENTO DE LA RED ISON DE LOS DESECHOS ESPACIALES: ESTADO ACTUAL Y LOGROS

Interagency International Scientific Optical Network (ISON) represents one of largest systems specializing in observation of space objects. ISON provides permanent monitoring of the whole GEO region, regular surveying of Molniya type orbits, and tracking of objects at GEO, GTO, HEO and LEO. Currently ISON cooperates with 43 observation facilities of various affiliations with 100 telescopes in 17 countries. Six telescope subsets have been completed to the date, ISON encompasses five groups of telescopes and three scheduling centers. Obtained measurements are processed at the KIAM ballistic center to be used for scientific and applied goals, including collision risks analysis and space situation analysis. 20 millions measurements in 2.58 millions of tracklets for more 6740 objects have been collected by KIAM in 2016.

Onboard Target Searching Strategy During Lost in Space Situations in Angles-Only Navigation Active Space Debris Removal

During the transition from ground-based to on-board relative navigation, active space debris removal faces the so-called lost in space problem where the target’s orbital parameters are known to a limited degree making its detection and identification among the other visible objects challenging. Being non-cooperative, the target is also assumed to be non-responsive to communication methods. Seven target search strategies are developed and evaluated using Monte-Carlo analysis. It is shown that one of the proposed methods, stepping-sweeping, can insure detection of the target within several minutes with a 99.9% success rate using either a single optical/infra-red camera payload. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on both the camera parameters and the detection success condition and reveals that this target search strategy is robust against initial position uncertainties. It is also applicable to all the common relative trajectories for orbital proximity operations. The developed tool can also be used for sensor parameters as well as search strategy key parameters selection.

Gradient based fractal image compression using Cayley table

Encoding complexity reduction is an active area of research in the field of fractal image compression. In this proposed method, affine transformation is predicted to reduce the computational complexity and score value is calculated to further minimise the number of computations in the exhaustive process of encoding. In this hybrid wavelet- fractal image compression, relative geometric transformation of range and domain blocks is determined using a reference matrix as GR and GD respectively. Then affine transformation is predicted as the geometric composition of GR and GD, using Cayley table. Score value is defined individually for domain and range blocks. It is the absolute value of maximum change in the intensity in the respective block. An important merit of this proposed method is that the encoding time is highly reduced in comparison to other recent fractal coding techniques, with a better value of PSNR. This method is 641 times faster than Standard fractal image compression method (SFIC). Cayley table is utilized for the first time in fractal image compression. This lossy compression technique can be used in multimedia applications to handle the situation of limited storage space and bandwidth and also to transmit enormous amount of data with acceptable value of PSNR. As the medical images are huge in size a good lossy compression technique is required to store them in medical archives in an economical manner. Since this proposed method provides a good trade-off between compression ratio and the quality of reconstructed image, it is a better solution for the storage of medical images in an efficient manner.