Situation Model Research Articles

ФОРМУВАННЯ КРЕАТИВНОСТІ ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ НАВЧАЛЬНОГО КУРСУ «УКРАЇНСЬКА МОВА ЗА ПРОФЕСІЙНИМ СПРЯМУВАННЯМ»)

The purpose of the article is to determine the peculiarities of the creativity formation of higher education students within the educational discipline “Ukrainian language for professional purposes”. To achieve the goal, a complex of general scientific (analysis of scientific literature, generalization and systematization, comparison of scientific views) and pedagogical (modeling of educational situations, observation of the educational process, development and testing of the system of tasks) methods was used. It has been proven that the creativity formation of higher education students by means of the educational course “Ukrainian language for professional purposes” requires a scientifically based approach of the teacher to the methodological tools selection. In this context, traditional and innovative teaching methods were divided into several groups: the first group included methods aimed at developing the emotional and volitional sphere of future specialists; the second group includes methods that involve the activation and strengthening of already formed motives, the transformation of external stimuli into the inner sphere of the individual, their transformation into motives. The third group of methods involves orientation to the cognitive sphere of the individual, and therefore, these methods are aimed at finding and assimilating information, and forming skills and abilities to analyze works of various types of art, and expanding erudition. The fourth group included methods, the purpose of which was the formation of practical skills and skills in operating various educational materials, transmitting information using various means of broadcasting and its representation. The fifth group includes methods of a reflective nature, aimed at forming the ability to evaluate one’s own activity, existing knowledge, abilities and skills, as well as actualization and development of students’ ability to self-control and self-evaluation in various activities. It was found that the effectiveness of the creativity formation of higher education students depends on the optimal selection and combination of methods, taking into account the principles of individualization and differentiation. Key words: creativity, higher education students, methods, educational discipline, tasks.

The Examination of the Mediator Role of Optimism, Self-Compassion, Altruism and Gratitude in the Relationship Between Cognitive Distortions and Forgiveness of Emerging Adults

The aim of this study was to investigate whether optimism, self-compassion, altruism, and gratitude act as mediators in the relationship between cognitive distortions and emerging adults' forgiveness of themselves, others, and situations. The sample consisted of 488 university students in their emerging adulthood, comprising 66.20% females and 33.80% males, ranging in age from 18 to 32 years ( M = 20.32, SD = 2.43). The data were collected using a demographic information form and six self-report scales. In addition to descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Bootstrap Analysis were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that optimism, self-compassion, altruism, and gratitude significantly mediated the relationship between cognitive distortions and forgiveness of self ( b = −.109, %95 BCA CI [−.133 to −.086]), others ( b = −.096, %95 BCA CI [−.117 to −.076]), and situations ( b = −.099, %95 BCA CI [−.117 to −.082]). Self-compassion ( K2 = −.14) was found to be the strongest mediator in the self-forgiveness model, followed by altruism ( K2 = −.19) in the forgiveness of others model, and optimism ( K2 = −.27) in the forgiveness of situations model. The study highlights the potential use of positive psychology concepts such as optimism, self-compassion, altruism, and gratitude to reduce the negative effect of cognitive distortions on emerging adults' forgiveness and to enhance their forgiveness skills.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL MOTIVATIONS OF THE FUTURE PSYCHOLOGISTS IN THE CONTEXT OF SITUATIONAL MODELING

Abstract: key concepts about professional motivation are considered. An overview of theoretical and empirical methods of diagnosis and interventions to develop professional motivation has been made. The structural model of the process of formation and/or development of professional motivation in students of psychologists with the help of situational modeling is displayed.

Multiple preferences induced aggregation with uncertainty influences in group evaluation of water resource management

In many multi criteria group decision making problems, the individual evaluation values offered by experts are with uncertainties. Therefore, when assigning weights to those experts using preferences induced weights allocation, we can have two types of bi-polar preferences. The first one is the optimism-pessimism preference over evaluation values; the second one is the uncertainty aversion preference over the attached numerical certainty/uncertainty degrees. When performing preferences induced weights allocation, the certainty/uncertainty degrees will affect the optimism-pessimism preference induced weights allocation because the magnitudes of those evaluation values might not be the exact ones. Moreover, the importance of those experts in multi criteria group decision making can also have influence over the two types of preference induced weights allocation processes, and the importance can also be with uncertainties and can be expressed using basic uncertain information. Therefore, to handle this situation with multiple inducing variables and uncertainties, we simultaneously consider the influence of the uncertainties attached to evaluation values and the influence of uncertain importance of experts, and thus we at the same time adopt the method of confidence threshold and the method of uncertain importance level function to propose some synthesized method to adjust the induced weights allocation processes. We also propose a complete multi criteria group decision making problems to show the feasibility and reasonability of the proposed decision model for the complex situation where both evaluation values and expert importance are expressed by basic uncertain information.

Optimal resource allocation model in disaster situations for maximizing the value of operational process resiliency and continuity

Organizations need to apply resilience and business continuity in industry to protect themselves against the crises and destructive events. Also, the growing expansion of competition in the global market and the increasing crisis in the world have increased the importance of optimal resource allocation. With the optimal resource allocation, huge losses and damages to organizations are prevented. The problem of resource allocation can be raised alongside the criteria of process resilience and continuity. Therefore, organizations change their perspective from focusing solely on reducing vulnerability to increasing resilience and continuity against to accidents in crises and destructive situations. The objective of this paper is proposed a mathematical model for optimal resource allocation with the aim of minimizing the lack of process resilience and maximizing the process continuity. So, the organization can continue to operate with available resources in times of crisis and lack of resources. Also, main activities and processes are not interrupted by crises and destructive events. After solving the model using a case study (textile industry), the results of the model were described and it was found that destructive events were recovered before the tolerance threshold and crisis and destructive events did not interrupt activities and processes.

How to Maximise Spatial Presence: Design Guidelines for a Virtual Learning Environment for School Use.

Research on learning with and in immersive virtual reality (VR) continues to grow, yielding more insights into how immersive learning works. However, the actual use of VR learning environments in schools is still in its infancy. A major hurdle that hinders the use of immersive digital media in schools is the lack of guidelines for designing VR learning environments for practical use in schools. Such guidelines need to consider how students interact and learn in VR learning environments and how teachers can use such environments on a day-to-day basis. Using a design-based research approach, we explored the guidelines for creating VR learning content for tenth-grade students in a German secondary school and recreated a real-world, out-of-school VR learning space which can be used for hands-on instruction. This paper investigated how to maximise the experience of spatial presence by creating a VR learning environment in several microcycles. Furthermore, it took a closer look at the influence of the spatial situation model and cognitive involvement on this process. The results were evaluated with ANOVAs and path analyses, showing, for example, that involvement does not influence spatial presence in highly immersive and realistic VR learning environments.

USING DIGITAL BUSINESS SIMULATORS IN ECONOMIC AND MANAGERIAL DEVELOPMENT OF MASTER’S IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

The article substantiates the use of digital business simulators as the type of digital educational resources for decision-making knowledge, skills, and attitudinal and behavioral readiness development in economic and managerial training for a Master’s in Information Technologies. The use of digital business simulations as the tool for immersive practices implementation in the educational process provides the possibility to conduct imitated experiences to serve an educational and research-related purpose. Contract Design and Principal-Agent dilemma simulation usage allows the modeling of situations realistically imitating reality and helps to form a basic attitude and understanding of contractual design and information asymmetry concepts in the economy and managerial science. The concepts are crucial for future professionals working in IT, interacting in teams, and developing in people- and task-management areas. The use of multi-user simulated environments for educational interaction of the groups of students provides a close to a realistic experience of acting in life- and work-specific situations. These experiences serve to ignite interest, improve motivation to learn, and establish the ground for a further deeper discussion on the topics and formation of the attitudinal and behavioral components of the economic and managerial competence as part of the soft skills of the Master’s in IT students. The educational activity described and analyzed in the article proved to be useful for both educational and research-related purposes. The mistake, made by the organizer of the activity provided additional learning possibilities for the group and valuable input for the research. The students showed involvement, dedication, and active participation in the active learning imitated experience. The group showed learning progress toward conventional optimality in the simulated concepts. Used digital education resources provided acceptable ease of use and satisfying functionality of the analysis tools. The behavioral specifics, based on the gender differences were unpredicted, but valuable results of the educational experience. Further efforts will be put to the improvement of the technical integration of such simulators into the digital educational environment of higher education institutions and the development of methodological support for the use of such simulators in the educational process.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ВІЗУАЛЬНОЇ ГРАМОТНОСТІ ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ ЗАСОБАМИ НАВЧАЛЬНОЇ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «УКРАЇНСЬКА МОВА ЗА ПРОФЕСІЙНИМ СПРЯМУВАННЯМ»

The purpose of the article is to determine the features of the formation of visual literacy of students of higher education within the educational discipline «Ukrainian language for professional direction». In order to achieve the purpose, a complex of general scientific (analysis of scientific literature, generalization and systematization, comparison of scientific views) and pedagogical (modeling of educational situations, observation of the educational process, development and testing of the system of tasks) methods were used. It was found that visual literacy is the ability to correctly interpret and produce visual materials formed in the process of obtaining an education. It was determined that the formation of visual literacy of students of higher education involves: possession of knowledge presentation technologies in a «concise» form;development of visual thinking; the formation of cognitive visualization skills of a large amount of information; knowledge of the rules and techniques of composition and coloristic; the ability to use Internet resources and software to achieve educational goals. The expediency of the formation of visual literacy of students (cadets), in particular in the context of distance and mixed learning, is substantiated. The process of forming visual literacy of students of higher education by creating infographics, mental maps, and memes is described. The advantages of each of the specified teaching tools are indicated, online applications suitable for generating visual materials are presented, and the possibilities of their use at various stages of working with linguistic material are determined. The need for a scientifically based teacher’s approach to the creation and selection of educational materials of a visual nature, as well as the formation of the ability of students to analyze such educational materials and create their own, has been proven. The prospects of using visual materials to motivate the educational activities of students of higher education, to activate their knowledge, as well as to check the level of knowledge within the educational discipline «Ukrainian language for professional direction» have been determined. Key words: visual literacy, infographics, online tools, cross-sense, mind map, students of higher education.

Anticipation in Pianist-Accompanist’s Concert Practice in the Context of Emotional Intelligence

The purpose of the article is to investigate the functioning of anticipation in correlation with emotional intelligence in a pianist-accompanist’s work in the concert phase. Emotional intelligence is the ability to work with emotions, including the ability to anticipate them. Anticipation is the property of the psyche to foresee the next events in time, including emotions. This is the point of intersection that the concept of the article is built on. Research methodology. To achieve the declared purpose, we use the following methods. Systemic method allows us to explore the principles of functioning of anticipation as an attribute of the emotional intelligence system. Psychological method is aimed to consider the congenital and acquired patterns of the human brain through the prism of psychology. A method of theoretical modeling helps to construct speculative models of potential real situations. The scientific novelty of the research consists in revealing the direct co-dependence of anticipation and emotional intelligence and projecting their functioning on the pianist-accompanist’s creative work. There is always an element of unpredictability in the process of concert performance, which ensures the openness of the field of emotional reactions. For a pianist-accompanist, the difficulty lies not only in working out one's own emotions, but also in preparing a response to a partner's concert emotion. To minimise losses on stage, one will need the ability to work with the tools of emotional intelligence, among which anticipation plays a significant role. Conclusions. The importance of understanding the acts of anticipation for a successful use of the resources of emotional intelligence is substantiated. Expanding the range of resources of one’s own body by consciously transferring innate predispositions into the processes controlled by consciousness raises the professional activity of a pianist-accompanist to a higher level of creative mastery.
 Key words: anticipation, expectation, emotional intelligence, pianist-accompanist.

A Weibit-Based sequential transit assignment model based on hyperpath graph and generalized extreme value network representation

This study aims to develop a weibit-based stochastic transit assignment model for situations in which passengers’ travel choice strategies are stochastic. The weibit choice model, which was originally developed for the stochastic traffic assignment problem, is adapted using a hyperpath graph network representation. Unlike the traditional logit model, the weibit model can account for the homogeneous perception variance problem. Besides, a joint choice network representation originated from the network generalized extreme value (N-GEV) model, known as the GEV network, is adopted to depict the correlation among the arcs within the hypergraph consisting of all efficient hyperpaths. The GEV network uses a link-based parameter, the degree of membership, to capture the overlap effect, which is thus well incorporated with the link-based transit assignment approach. For implementation, a link-based stochastic network loading approach is proposed for solving the weibit-based transit assignment model in the sequential process. This sequential assignment approach does not need to enumerate and store the transit hyperpaths in the solution process. This model is then extended to a stochastic transit equilibrium model under congestion conditions, which is formulated as a fixed-point problem. Thus, a recent fast line-search scheme, i.e., the Barzilai and Borwein step-size, is adopted for solving the stochastic transit equilibrium model. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the features of the proposed weibit-based stochastic transit assignment model. A real transit network is used to demonstrate the algorithm efficiency and the detailed results of the weibit-based transit equilibrium model.

Establishment of nonlinear network security situational awareness model based on random forest under the background of big data

Abstract In order to explore the establishment of a nonlinear network security situational awareness model based on random forest in the context of big data, a multi-level network security knowledge system evaluation model based on random forest is proposed. This article proposes a multi-level CSSA analysis system and then uses random memory algorithm to create a CSSA evaluation model. Also, it proposes a CSSA multi-level analysis framework and then uses random forest algorithm to build a CSSA evaluation model. A random vector distribution of the same values is used for all forest trees. In this article, the interval [0,1] is used to quantitatively describe the weight of the security level. The training sample ratio of test samples is 110:40, in order to predict the security of the network, the prediction of knowledge is closer to the true value, and the complexity of multi-level security is predicted. Use unusual forests. The tree returns the most recommended part, which is a more realistic assessment of network security. The experimental results show that considering the network security situation, the prediction performance of this method is closer to the actual value, and the performance is better than the other two methods. Therefore, perception of multi-level security situations can be effectively predicted using random access memory. It is proved that random forest is faster and more efficient in network security.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ 3D-МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ В СУДЕБНОЙ ВЗРЫВОТЕХНИЧЕСКОЙ ЭКСПЕРТИЗЕ

The article is devoted to a new promising method suitable for use in one of the varieties of forensic explosive expertise – situational expertise on the fact of an explosion. In order to solve the problem of establishing the nature and type of explosion, it is necessary to analyze all the damage to build-ings and objects at the scene of the incident in order to determine the center of the explosion and its location. Such studies are situational modeling or situational expertise. 
 The rapid development of information technologies makes it possible to create 3D models of the scene of an incident and use them to conduct situational studies, significantly increasing the effectiveness of operational and investigative actions, and, ultimately, brings real benefits in the investigation of crimes.
 The article shows the possibilities of using 3D modeling technologies to establish the dynamics of fire development, followed by the establishment of the explosion center and its technical cause, us-ing the example of a real incident - an explosion in the port of Beirut on 04.08.2020.
 The use of 3D modeling technologies and animation capabilities allows to visualize information about the circumstances of the explosion, which was obtained on the basis of collecting, summarizing and analyzing information obtained from various sources (protocols of the inspection of the place of advent, diagrams, plans, photo and video recordings, witness statements and other documents, as well as expert opinions).

PROFIL KEMAMPUAN LITERASI MATEMATIKA SISWA BERDASARKAN GAYA KOGNITIF

This type of research used is descriptive research with a qualitative approach because the purpose of this study was to describe the profile of students ' mathematical literacy abilities based on cognitive style. This research was conducted at SMA Dr. Soetomo Surabaya in the 2022/2023 academik year. The subjects of this study were four students of X-MIPA 1 grade, namely one male FI student, one female FI student, one male FD student, and one female FD student. The research instrument was a test of students’ mathematical literacy based on PISA indicators. Mathematical literacy indicators are based on six levels of students’ mathematical literacy. Based on the analysis of the data on the results of the mathematical literacy test, it was obtained a profile description of the mathematical literacy ability of Dr. Soetomo High School namely (1) independent field students are able to work effectively with models in concrete but complex situation, present different information and relate it to real situation. Meanwhile (2) field dependent students are able to carry out the procedures well and choose and apply simple problem solving strategies and can interprete and represent situations.

Spectral-spatial-sparse unmixing with superpixel-oriented graph Laplacian

ABSTRACT Sparse unmixing has made great progress in hyperspectral unmixing recently. To improve the unmixing accuracy, spatial information has been widely added to the unmixing model. However, due to the complexity of ground material mixing, the performance of the same model in different situations is unsatisfying. Dataset with a uniform blocky area and sharp boundaries, superpixel-based unmixing methods cluster similar pixels together and effectively exploit spatial correlation and work well, and the same to homogeneous mixed pixels, which usually have the same endmembers and abundance usually. However, if the dataset is mixed randomly and irregularly, the above idea failed. To deal with different mixed situations comprehensively and efficiently, a new method, named spectral-spatial-sparse unmixing with superpixel-oriented graph Laplacian (SGLapS3U), is proposed in this paper. For datasets with patched uniform distribution, the superpixel-oriented graph Laplacian can better investigate the spatial correlation of pixels within each patch. For datasets with irregular mixing situation, a spectral-spatial weighting factor is utilized to explore the spatial continuity of the images, while also guaranteeing the sparsity of the results. The experimental results on different datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm.

Aboriginal community-controlled art centres: Keeping Elders strong and connected. Articulating an ontologically situated, intergenerational model of care.

To articulate how Aboriginal community-controlled art centres support the role of Elders and older people within an ontologically situated, intergenerational model of care. In this paper, we draw on stories (data) generated through interviews involving 75 people associated with three Aboriginal community-controlled art centres and field notes taken during a Participatory Action Research (PAR) study. The study was undertaken in collaboration with three community-controlled art centres and two aged care providers over almost 4 years, in diverse Indigenous sovereignties, all located in geographically remote Australian locations. Engaging with decolonising and Indigenous theoretical frameworks, our analysis identified three interwoven meta-themes. These include connection to law and culture; purpose; and healing. Each theme had important subthemes, and all were central to upholding the well-being of older people and their families, as well as the art centre workforce, Country, and their broader communities. Our analysis articulates an ontologically situated model of care within Aboriginal community-controlled art centres. The model sees that older people receive care from art centres and provide care to each other, to younger generations, to art centrestaff, to Country, and to their broader communities. In this model, those in receipt of care, many of whom are older people, art centre directors, and important artists, govern how care is conceptualised and delivered.

Exploration of a network security situational awareness model based on multisource data fusion

Exploration of a network security situational awareness model based on multisource data fusion

Психолого-педагогические приемы работы над ошибками младших школьников при освоении математических понятий

<p>The article continues a series of publications devoted to the methodology being developed for the development of students’ initial ideas to scientific concepts. The reasons for the mistakes made by younger schoolchildren when mastering mathematical concepts are considered. Examples of children’s mistakes are shown on the material of the topic “Subtraction”, their types are highlighted. The techniques of working on errors in the development of mathematical concepts are described. A method of organizing developmental assessment aimed at analyzing errors from the point of view of students’ misconceptions behind them is presented in detail. The stages of collecting error data, determining their type and causes, and eliminating error patterns are highlighted. Attention is paid to errors associated with a lack of reading skills. Recommendations are given on the organization of quasi-research activities and polylogue in elementary school math lessons, their mutual relationship is revealed. There are deficiencies in the skills of primary school teachers to organize an educational discussion and work with children’s hypotheses. The example of the topic “Subtraction with a transition through a digit” shows a way to create a problem situation and use numerical models. The prospects for the organization of quasi-research and polylogue in this lesson are outlined.</p>

Elucidating the Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Immune Cell Populations: A Mathematical Modeling Approach with Special Emphasis on Fractional Derivatives

Despite recent advances in the mathematical modeling of biological processes and real-world situations raised in the day-to-day life phase, some phenomena such as immune cell populations remain poorly understood. The mathematical modeling of complex phenomena such as immune cell populations using nonlinear differential equations seems to be a quite promising and appropriate tool to model such complex and nonlinear phenomena. Fractional differential equations have recently gained a significant deal of attention and demonstrated their relevance in modeling real phenomena rather than their counterpart, classical (integer) derivative differential equations. We report in this paper a mathematical approach susceptible to answering some relevant questions regarding the side effects of ionizing radiation (IR) on DNA with a particular focus on double-strand breaks (DSBs), leading to the destruction of the cell population. A theoretical elucidation of the population memory was carried out within the framework of fractional differential equations (FODEs). Using FODEs, the mathematical approach presented herein ensures connections between fractional calculus and the nonlocal feature of the fractional order of immune cell populations by taking into account the memory trace and genetic qualities that are capable of integrating all previous actions and considering the system’s long-term history. An illustration of both fractional modeling, which provides an excellent framework for the description of memory and hereditary properties of immune cell populations, is elucidated. The mathematics presented in this research hold promise for modeling real-life phenomena and paves the way for obtaining accurate model parameters resulting from the mathematical modeling. Finally, the numerical simulations are conducted for the analytical approach presented herein to elucidate the effect of various parameters that govern the influence of ionizing irradiation on DNA in immune cell populations as well as the evolution of cell population dynamics, and the results are presented using plots and contrasted with previous theoretical findings.

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ РОЗВИТКУ КРИТИЧНОГО МИСЛЕННЯ ЯК ЗАСІБ МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЇ ПРОЦЕСУ НАВЧАННЯ ГЕОГРАФІЇ

The article highlights the methodical aspects of using technology for the development of students' critical thinking in lessons as a means of modernizing the process of teaching geography in general secondary education institutions. Emphasis is placed on the importance of critical thinking to prevent threats and risks of the information society. The presence of critical thinking is defined as the main condition for countering attempts to manipulate consciousness, disinformation, information attacks and wars, which are not uncommon in the modern information space. The history of the emergence of technology for the development of critical thinking, the development of its conceptual foundations by US scientists is briefly analyzed, as well as the state of research on the problem in Ukraine is outlined. The essence, characteristic features and parameters of critical thinking, its meaning, as well as the features of a person who possesses critical thinking are revealed. It is noted that the development of students' critical thinking is a priority task of the modern education system, which is reflected in the State Standard of Basic Secondary Education in terms of key competencies and comprehensive skills. The main attention is paid to the methodology of applying various methods and techniques for the development of critical thinking in the process of teaching geography. It is emphasized that the method of development of critical thinking involves the formation of students' ability to analyze information, formulate conclusions, express their own position, present arguments, solve problems, and make decisions. The main stages of a geography lesson with the use of technology for the development of critical thinking are outlined: challenge, comprehension, reflection. The didactic possibilities of debates and discussions, problem tasks, interactive methods of discussing debatable issues and situational modeling in the process of developing students' critical thinking in geography lessons are considered. It was concluded that the application of technologies for the development of critical thinking in the process of teaching geography will allow students to better understand the essence of geographical phenomena and processes, learn geographical laws, understand the problems of the modern world and realize the practical significance of geographical knowledge.

Имитационные модели оценки опасности возникновения подземных аварий в угольных шахтах

The article is related to the safety issues of the coal mines considering not only the standard conditions of their operation, but also the influence of external effects, personnel errors during mining operations and operation of controls and automation. The relationship between the causes of accidents and sources of hazards is shown. The analysis of mine safety research methods was carried out, which allow to identify the most dangerous causes and conditions of the underground accidents to one degree or another. It is shown that at the mining sites, despite the extremely small, but non-zero probability, accidents still occur due to the probability densities of rare dangerous situations leading to severe consequences. The expediency of logical-probabilistic methods for modeling scenarios of possible accidents, which are interpreted by the cause-and-effect diagrams of the occurrence of a chain of incidents, is asserted. Based on the normalization of the frequencies of occurrence of emergency situations in coal mining, a rationale is given for the transition from the weights of various initiating conditions to their contributions to emergency situations. Simulation models of decision-making for operational substantive analysis of emergency situations were developed, including an assessment of the weights and contributions of mining and geological, mining and technical factors, and personnel errors to the risk of methane explosion occurrence, fires and gasification of workings in case of violations in the degassing systems. It is shown that the existing hazards must be able to measure, i.e. have numerical scales. These hazardrs can be assessed based on the construction of hazard trees. Using them, as well as assessments of emergency changes in the state of the technosphere of coal mines, which are based on the analysis of cause-and-effect relationships of hazard sources, simulation models of the hazard of underground accidents were formed and implemented. These models can be considered as functional models of any emergency situation, allowing to obtain analytical estimates of variations in emergency situations by their weights and contributions to the hazard of emergency situations.