Situational Factors Research Articles

A decision model for OTT service users to adopt wireless D2D caching networks: Exploring the Korean case

As many Over-The-Top (OTT) users opt for mobile devices, mobile network traffic surges. However, current mobile communication technology faces difficulties. To provide a stable video content consumption experience to users, reliable alternatives must be found to resolve the limitation of the conventional approach. Accordingly, wireless Device-to-Device (D2D) caching networks have gained attention as a reliable alternative. Considering it can reduce network-related overheads, save related costs, and improve OTT video consumption environment, there is a high possibility that telecommunication operators want to commercialize this technology. To commercialize wireless D2D caching networks, users need to share their resources, such as personal information, smartphone storage, and battery. This study explores the decision-making process of mobile OTT users regarding D2D caching adoption on their mobile devices in Korea. An online survey of 94 respondents was conducted in South Korea. By using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach, this study devised an evaluation model that includes three major factors: perceived benefits, perceived costs, and perceived situational conditions. The results reveal that risks, rather than situational factors and benefits, predominantly influence user intentions and strategies. Streaming video content via mobile data or Wi-Fi is viewed as the most feasible choice. Moreover, users show a preference for pre-downloading video content over adopting wireless D2D caching networks on their mobile devices. The findings provide a guideline for understanding the responses of mobile OTT service users and their priorities in responding to adopting wireless D2D caching networks.

Understanding Travelers’ Motivations and Preferences Relating to Sustainable Behavior: Configural Analysis of Traveler Mindfulness

To complement industry-wide sustainability initiatives, this study aims to improve the understanding of traveler mindfulness. A holistic, case-based approach explores how traveler motivations and situational factors relate to mindfulness in a sustainability context. A sample of 510 recent travelers informs this study. Fuzzy set statistics test complexity theory tenants to examine the relationship between mindfulness and travelers’ motivations and preferences. Results support complexity theory tenants and show multiple paths relate to high mindfulness. Study results advance the understanding of traveler behavior by introducing a sustainability-focused mindfulness scale, advancing mindfulness studies with complexity theory and fuzzy set analysis, and offering insights to destination managers who target travelers with a sustainability mindset.

HUBUNGAN DEPRESI DAN PERILAKU KONFORMITAS DENGAN KEJADIAN INTERNET GAMING DISORDER PADA REMAJA

Internet gaming disorder is a phenomenon that causes quite a bad impact. Several influencing factors are internal factors, situational factors, external factors, and social factors. Regarding situational factors, a person often uses online games to make himself comfortable when his psychology is bad. While regarding social factors in adolescence, a person wants to be liked and tends to change his opinion or behavior to be accepted by his group. The purpose of this research is to find out the relationship between depression and conformity behavior toward internet gaming disorder in adolescents. The study was conducted with a population of students from the Faculty of Medicine, the University of Muhammadiyah Semarang with a sample of 85. The study was conducted using the IGDS9-SF, PHQ-9, and Conformity Questionnaires. From the data obtained, a correlation test was carried out. The study's results found a significant relationship between depression and conformity behavior with internet gaming disorder. The depressive state has moderate or strong strength and is positive linear. Meanwhile, conformity behavior has a low or relatively weak relationship strength and is negatively linear. The results of this study can help identify factors related to internet gaming disorder so that this can be minimized.

An Analysis of George Orwell 's Animal Farm with Discourse Coherence Theory

Animal Farm is a political allegory that reflects the social and political issues of the Soviet Union under Stalin's regime. The narrative provides an insightful critique of the corruption and abuse of power that occurred during the communist regime. It highlights the process of social control and manipulation, the importance of language and discourse, and the effects of propaganda. The discourse coherence theory aims to explain the factors contributing to the coherence and coherence problems in texts. The theory suggests that coherence is achieved through the connections between linguistic elements, world knowledge, and situational and contextual factors. An analysis of Animal Farm from the perspective of discourse coherence theory could reveal how the language and discourse used in the narrative contribute to the coherence and the ways in which coherence is disrupted. Therefore, Animal Farm could be a suitable text for studying discourse coherence theory due to its complex narrative structure and the use of language and discourse to convey political messages.

Navigating Through the Digital Workplace: Measuring Leader Digital Competence

AbstractIn a modern digital workplace, leaders must have the necessary skills to lead employees virtually. Despite its high practical and theoretical relevance, a consensus on crucial digital competencies for virtual leaders is lacking, hindering a systematic exploration of the leader’s role in facilitating technology use. In the present article, we propose a new concept and instrument to assess leader digital competence (LDC). After reviewing the literature, we establish three dimensions of LDC, centering around the leader’s ability and inclination to select, promote, and enable technology and digital media among their employees. We provide support for the scale's convergent, discriminant, criterion-related, and incremental validity using four independent samples (N1 = 156, N2 = 309, N3 = 201, N4 employee = 452, N4 leader = 93). Furthermore, results support the reliability and factor structure with the three proposed dimensions of the 10-item LDC scale. The findings demonstrate that the scale represents a psychometrically sound instrument, useful for further examining conditions for effectiveness in the virtual environment. Future research should aim to advance the understanding of antecedents and situational factors that influence the relevance of LDC and its impact on employee, team, and organizational outcomes.

Ignorance is not always bliss: A qualitative study of young adults' experiences with being ghosted

AbstractGhosting, or ignoring someone to end a relationship, is often considered a harmful aspect of growing digital connectivity. However, research on ghosting has focused on the experiences of European/European Americans in romantic contexts. Thus, we broadly explored experiences of being ghosted among 29 undergraduates primarily from underrepresented populations (75.9% Latinx, 6.9% Asian, 6.9% Black) in the United States. We conducted face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews regarding general experiences with being ghosted, a memorable experience of being ghosted, and attitudes toward ghosting. Inductive thematic analysis yielded eight themes surrounding the process of being ghosted (Sensing Shifts in Communication Patterns), ghosting attributions (Unreciprocated Feelings, Incompatibility), responses to ghosting (Stages of Grief, Various Coping Methods, Lost Respect for Ghoster, Insight from Experiencing Both Sides), and ghosting attitudes (Good Reasons). Future research might examine the role of both individual (e.g., cultural values) and situational (e.g., ghosting circumstance) factors in various trajectories of ghosting responses, as well as the psychological consequences of these trajectories.

Determinants of traffic safety enforcement behaviour among police officers: A narrative review

Traffic safety enforcement (TSE), which includes policing of traffic laws, is a key component of safe transport systems. Effective TSE depends on law enforcement professionals’ (i.e., police officers’) ability and willingness to proactively engage in TSE activities. By conducting a narrative review of past literature, this article documents (i) factors reported to influence law enforcement professionals’ willingness to engage in TSE, and (ii) policy recommendations to improve TSE and thus traffic safety. The extensive literature review presented in this report identified four main types of factors that influence officers’ willingness to engage in TSE: (i) individual-level factors (e.g., officers’ perceptions of TSE), (ii) situational factors (e.g., traffic offenders’ demographic characteristics), (iii) organization-level factors (e.g., traffic citation quotas), and (iv) community-level factors (e.g., political influence). Policy recommendations to improve TSE recognized that a country’s economic condition poses significant barriers to effective TSE. Results of this literature review summarize and provide insights into factors that influence TSE and can be used by road safety professionals, including transport engineers and law enforcement professionals, to improve TSE efforts and outcomes.

Coping style and benefit finding among informal caregivers of patients with lung cancer: a moderated mediation model of co-caregivers and caregiving capability

Benefit finding (BF), as a positive psychological response, has the potential to alleviate caregiving stress for informal caregivers. However, the impact of coping style and caregiving capability on the perception of BF throughout the caregiving process still needs to be explored, particularly in light of the changing caregiving situation. This study aimed (1) to explore the correlation among coping style, caregiving capability, and BF; (2) to determine whether caregiving capability mediates the relationship between coping style and BF; and (3) to determine whether this mediating effect varies with the caregiving situation. A cross-sectional study was conducted. 272 participants completed the Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Family Caregiver Task Inventory, and Benefit Finding Scale. Correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression were used for data analysis; Hayes’ PROCESS macro was used to determine the significance of the moderated mediation analysis. The results showed that (1) Coping style and BF were positively correlated, while caregiving capability was negatively correlated with coping style and BF. (2) Caregiving capability partially mediated the relationship between coping styles and BF. (3) Co-caregivers moderated the direct path of the relationship between coping style and BF, showing a substitution relationship. Improving the caregiving capability may be a novel approach to enhancing BF. Nursing staff should start with a positive coping style and caregiving capability and consider the factors of caregiving situations (co-caregivers) to maximize the intervention effect.

Influencing Factors and Impact of Emotion Regulation

Emotion regulation refers to the process of regulating and controlling emotions through cognition, emotion and behavior when individuals face different situations. Emotion regulation is a form of human self-control that helps individuals better adapt to their social and life environment. This paper mainly studies the factors that affect emotion regulation strategies. Through a review of these papers, the researcher finds that emotion-related processes change with age. When looking up the articles about the relationship between emotion and age, it is also found that in addition to age, there are many factors affecting the regulation of emotion. Such as mental illness, environmental, background factors, etc. Studies have found that the efficiency of emotional regulation improves with age, and studies have shown differences in emotional expression between boys and girls. In addition, the influence of situational factors on emotion regulation is multifaceted. This article comprehensively considers the influence of different factors on emotion regulation, and provides relevant viewpoints for the study of the mechanism of emotion regulation.

How LGBTQ+ Young Adults Navigate Personal Risk in App-Based Hookups: The Safety Spectrum Theory.

Research on hooking up is rife with examinations of risky sexual health practices among LGBTQ+ young adults; yet, little has been written about the personal safety practices for this population. This omission is notable because safety practices can enhance the notable positive outcomes related to hooking up. Drawing on one-on-one interviews with 50 LGBTQ+ young adults (20 cismen, 20 ciswomen, two transmen, and eight others) in British Columbia, California, and Connecticut, we developed the safety spectrum theory, which used a spectral measurement to assess how LGBTQ+ young adults negotiate safety practices and implement safety rules. This spectrum was then applied to a three-step sequence of application (app)-based hookup rituals: online initiation, pre-meeting preparation, and in-person meetup. Results indicated that safety strategies may be dictated by situational factors, where individuals adapt to varying circumstances to be more in control of personal safety when hooking up. We further identified that participants move across the spectrum depending upon contextual factors, such as the gender of the potential hookup partner. This work suggests that LGBTQ+ young adults are mindful of their personal safety and deserve more credit than previously attributed in queer and sexual health research. From these findings, we provide evidence-based recommendations to make dating/hookup apps and public health campaigns more effective at mitigating hookup-related risks.

The secret of speech: Executive extraversion and firm innovation performance based on telephone communication

Innovatively departing from conventional methodologies such as questionnaires, interviews, or text analysis, this study introduces a single-gender speech personality measurement approach to identify extraversion traits in executives from a speech perspective. Central to the research is how executive extraversion influences firm innovation performance. The research samples are derived from the audio recordings of performance conference communication calls held by Chinese listed companies on the Wind 3C conference platform. Through hierarchical regression analysis, empirical results demonstrate an inverted U-shaped relationship between executive extraversion and firm innovation performance (measured by R&D personnel input, R&D expenditure, and patent applications). The study also reveals that situational factors, including the proportion of shareholding by pressure-resistant institutional investors, incentive compensation, and equity concentration, significantly moderate the inverted U-shaped relationship. This research provides compelling evidence of the importance of executive extraversion in firm innovation performance and offers a new perspective on the mechanisms through which executive extraversion influences firm innovation performance. The single-gender speech personality recognition method allows researchers to effectively utilize executives’ speech information in the big data era. The research viewpoint and findings contribute beneficially to the Upper Echelons Theory and offer actionable insights for leveraging executive traits to bolster innovation.

Feeling Misinformed? The Role of Perceived Difficulty in Evaluating Information Online in News Avoidance and News Fatigue

ABSTRACT As misinformation has become a prominent topic in U.S. politics, Americans have become increasingly concerned about the problem that misinformation poses. Correspondingly, people have become weary of news media, with some actively avoiding news media and political information. While many situational and contextual factors contribute to news avoidance, this study considers how the feeling of being misinformed online might to contribute to related news attitudes and behaviors, like active news avoidance and news fatigue. Using panel data from a three-wave survey of U.S. adults collected during the 2020 U.S. presidential election, we find that feeling misinformed online is a widely felt phenomenon in the U.S. that is associated with increased active news avoidance and news fatigue overtime. We also find that strong partisans in the U.S. asymmetrically shift their news media use when they feel misinformed online; with strong Democrats relying more on non-partisan news media and strong Republicans using less news media overall, including less conservative news media.

Really situated self-control: self-control as a set of situated skills

AbstractTraditionally, self-control is conceptualized in terms of internal processes such as willpower or motivational mechanisms. These processes supposedly explain how agents manage to exercise self-control or, in other words, how they act on the basis of their best judgment in the face of conflicting motivation. Against the mainstream view that self-control is a mechanism or set of mechanisms realized in the brain, several authors have recently argued for the inclusion of situated factors in our understanding of self-control. In this paper, we review such recent attempts from the perspective of situated accounts of cognition and argue that even though these accounts integrate situational features, they ultimately still rely on an orthodox, neurocentric view of self-control. Instead, we will argue that in order to develop a really situated account it is necessary to radically rethink what self-control is. Building on recent work on extended skill, we will develop an outline of a really situated account of self-control.

Context counts: an exploration of the situational correlates of meat consumption in three Western European countries

Abstract A reduction in the demand for meat and particularly red meat has the potential to significantly enhance the sustainability and health of many people's diets. In the current work, I examine situational predictors of meat consumption in nationally representative nutrition surveys from three Western European countries: Switzerland, France and the Netherlands. More specifically, I examine whether the situational factors – the meal type, the day of the week and the location of the food consumption occasion – are predictive of whether meat and red meat are consumed. The results indicate that all three factors are linked to meat and red meat consumption with the patterns varying substantially across the different case study countries and in some cases also the gender of the consumer. The results emphasise the value of mapping situational correlates to inform situated interventions aimed at influencing meat consumption, while also highlighting important differences across both cultures and people.

THE ORIGIN OF CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR IN THE CONTEXT OF DEVELOPMENTAL RISK FACTORS

Research on the complexity of human nature and crime has always captured the attention of the entire social community, constantly grappling with these challenges. Numerous scientific studies have dealt with the origins of criminal behavior and the explanation of crime. Since the beginning of the 19th century, broad scientific perspectives have ranged from considering crime as an inevitable derivative of general poverty, unemployment, and poor parenting and/or as a symptom of individual psychological deficits, to the standpoint that crime is attributed to social conditions. Today, the origins of criminal behavior are considered in the context of biological factors, learning and situational factors, and primarily developmental risk factors (risk factors of the social environment, risk factors associated with parents and family, psychological risk factors), which are the focus of this work. This paper aims to examine the implications of the complex interactions of these developmental factors and their role in the origin of criminal behavior.

Perceptions of lecturers and students regarding discriminatory experiences and sexual harassment in academic medicine – results from a faculty-wide quantitative study

BackgroundDiscrimination and sexual harassment are prevalent in higher education institutions and can affect students, faculty members and employees. Herein the aim was to assess the extent of discriminatory experiences and sexual harassment of students and lecturers at one of the largest teaching hospitals in Europe. We analyze whether there are differences between lecturers and students, different study programs as well as sex/gender differences.MethodsIn an interdisciplinary, iterative process, a semi-standardized questionnaire was developed and sent to N = 7095 students (S) of all study programs and N = 2528 lecturers (L) at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany. The study was conducted from November 2018 to February 2019. Besides a broad range of questions on sociodemographic background allowing for diversity sensitive data analysis, they were asked if they had witnessed and/or experienced any form of discrimination or sexual harassment at the medical faculty, if yes, how often, the perceived reasons, situational factors and perpetrators.ResultsThe response rate was 14% (n = 964) for students and 11% (n = 275) for lecturers. A proportion of 49.6% of students (L: 31%) reported that they have witnessed and/or experienced discriminatory behavior. Sexual harassment was witnessed and/or experienced by 23.6% of students (L: 19.2%). Lecturers (85.9%) were identified as the main source of discriminatory behavior by students. Directors/supervisors (47.4%) were stated as the main source of discriminatory behavior by lecturers. As the most frequent perceived reason for discriminatory experiences sex/gender (S: 71%; L: 60.3%) was reported. Women and dental students experienced more discriminatory behavior and sexual harassment.ConclusionsDiscriminatory behavior is experienced by a significant number of students and lecturers, with power structures having a relevant impact. Dental students and women appear to be particularly exposed. Specific institutional measures, such as training programs for lecturers and students are necessary to raise awareness and provide resources. Furthermore, national preventive strategies should be thoroughly implemented to fight discrimination and harassment at the workplace.

Analyzing Speech Accommodation Model in 1st Debate of the 2024 Indonesian Presidential Candidates

In Indonesia, candidates, especially presidential candidates, are busy crafting positive narratives to build a positive image. In this study, we will look at language use from the macro level, namely, the situation and function of communication, as well as at the micro level, which is how the verbal interactions of language users communicate their ideas in front of the public. The current article uses qualitative with descriptive and interpretative types. Analysis of the Speech Accommodation Model in the first debate of the 2024 Indonesian presidential candidates reveals several key insights into how candidates strategically adapt their language to connect with different audiences and achieve their communication goals. The analysis highlights the dynamic nature of accommodation, with candidates shifting their linguistic styles based on situational factors, such as the topic of discussion, the perceived attitudes of the audience, and the rhetorical strategies employed by their opponents. This research provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between language, identity, and power in political communication. By examining how candidates navigate linguistic diversity and negotiate their rhetorical stance, we acquire a deeper understanding of the strategies employed to engage, persuade, and mobilize voters in pursuing electoral success. And detail model used by all candidates is summed up as follows; inward convergence, outward convergence, divergence, con in dive accommodation, and over-accommodation.

Opportunities for changing teacher norms vary by underlying factors in teachers' selves, situations, standards, and society

Teachers are pivotal to any efforts to raise the devastatingly low levels of foundational learning that persist across much of the Global South. However, in many education systems, teachers are not equipped with the resources needed for effecting such change. Moreover, numerous reforms have failed to change either children's learning levels or the teacher norms that inadvertently contribute to low learning levels. Moving beyond these circumstances requires an understanding of the factors underlying such norms and of how these factors affect opportunities for changing teacher norms. I examine this question by analyzing the transcripts of interviews with 14 pairs of interlocutors from various contexts who have complementary expertise related to teacher norms. Based on this analysis, I develop a conceptual framework for mapping the factors that sustain teacher norms onto four domains of teachers' experiences: selves (“what I value”), situations (“what can be done”), standards (“what those in charge expect”), and society (broader influences). Different configurations of underlying factors can yield different types of norms: coherent norms, compromise norms, and contestation norms. Drawing on the interviews, I illustrate coherence, compromise, and contestation by discussing examples of teaching narrowly to certain standards and being absent from the classroom during scheduled lessons. Each type of norm offers distinct opportunities for changing the status quo by influencing particular aspects of teachers' selves, situations, and standards. Additionally, one broader opportunity for change is reshaping societal narratives about education and the teaching profession.

What’s mine is mine, what’s yours is yours: Contamination concerns enhance psychological ownership

Psychological ownership refers to the subjective feeling that something is mine. Although previous consumer research focuses on how different ways of engaging with a target can influence feelings of psychological ownership toward it, this research investigates the impact of a novel individual and situational factor––contamination concerns. Across four studies, we show that when consumers have dispositionally or situationally heightened contamination concerns, establishing who owns what is more important, which subsequently enhances their feelings and inferences of psychological ownership. This effect holds for different targets (brands, movies, café tables, and bands), but it does not emerge when the target is insufficiently attractive to elicit psychological ownership. Finally, this effect impacts a variety of downstream behaviors with direct implications for marketers. Theoretical implications are discussed.

Research on the Impact of Environmental Responsibility on Consumers' Green Purchase Intention

Based on the theory of planned behavior, construct a basic theoretical model of the impact of environmental responsibility on green purchase intention, this paper analyzes in detail how environmental responsibility acts on consumers' willingness to buy green, and discusses the path and situational factors. These studies not only help us to understand consumers' green consumption behavior more comprehensively, but also provide important theoretical support and practical guidance for promoting green transformation. The conclusions are as follows: (1) environmental responsibility can positively affect consumers' green purchase intention, and (2) green perceived value has a mediating role between environmental responsibility and green purchase intention.