Transport Situation Research Articles

К вопросу модернизации Улан-Баторской железной дороги

Purpose: analysis of the problem of the development of transport relations between Russia, Mongolia and China. Development of the border regions of the Russian Federation. Development of economic cooperation and strengthening of regional interconnection between Russia, Mongolia and China. Increasing the capacity and modernization of the Ulaanbaatar railroad infrastructure. Reconstruction of small artificial structures. Methods: a review of information from various sources on the construction of the Ulaanbaatar railroad, the current state of the main line, the prospects of development and the need to modernize the infrastructure was carried out. The source materials obtained from the owners of the infrastructure of the Ulan-Bator railroad were analyzed. Results: the article shows the advantages for the development of friendly relations between Russia, Mongolia and China in the case of modernization of the Ulaanbaatar railway. Modern design options of small artificial structures are proposed. Practical importance: the material obtained by the authors allows us to continue practical work on the further development and modernization of the Ulaanbaatar Railway, including potential infrastructure upgrades, improving conditions for passenger and cargo transportation. The practical implementation of solutions for the significant development of the Trans Mongolian Railway will lead to an unconditional improvement in the transport situation of one of the most important international corridors. As a result of attracting investments for the development of the transport system between the Russian Federation, Mongolia and the People's Republic of China, further development of trade, tourism and improvement of this important railway hub is expected, which also provides access to other Central Asian countries, providing opportunities for expanding economic cooperation and social development in the region

Research on Speed Planning and Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell Hybrid Bus in Green Wave Scenarios at Traffic Light Intersections Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

In the context of intelligent and connected transportation, obtaining the real-time vehicle status and comprehensive traffic data is crucial for addressing challenges related to speed optimization and energy regulation in intricate transportation situations. This paper introduces a control method for the speed optimization and energy management of a fuel cell hybrid bus (FCHB) based on the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm. The strategy framework is built on a dual-objective optimization deep reinforcement learning (D-DRL) architecture, which integrates traffic signal information into the energy management framework, in addition to conventional state spaces to guide control decisions. The aim is to achieve “green wave” traffic while minimizing hydrogen consumption. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, simulation tests were conducted using the SUMO platform. The results show that in terms of speed planning, the difference between the maximum and minimum speeds of the FCHB was reduced by 21.66% compared with the traditional Intelligent Driver Model (IDM), while the acceleration and its variation were reduced by 8.89% and 13.21%, respectively. In terms of the hydrogen fuel efficiency, the proposed strategy achieved 95.71% of the performance level of the dynamic programming (DP) algorithm. The solution proposed in this paper is of great significance for improving passenger comfort and FCHB economy.

BASIC APPROACHES TO THE FORMATION OF THE TRANSPORT MODEL OF THE CITY

The pace of development in modern cities and the continuous increase in motorization lead to the aggravation of various issues, such as the creation of rational traffic management, the allocation of parking spaces, the quality assurance of road surfaces, and the protection of the environment. Solving these problems requires «correct» systematic management, effective organization of traffic flows, and optimal planning of transportation infrastructure. To manage the transport system and make optimal decisions in transport planning, specific systematic knowledge about the current transport situation and possible scenarios of its development are needed. Тhe lack of a quantitative description of the transport situation significantly complicates an already challenging selection among options for the development of the urban transport system. Bridging the gap between the desired and actual outcomes can be achieved through modern planning tools and impact assessments of decisions, particularly through a unified city transport model. As experience shows, a city transport model used to support decision-making in strategic transport planning is the optimal tool for quantitative assessment of proposed options for transport network development, their subsequent comparison, and well-founded conclusions regarding the feasibility of investments in transport infrastructure projects. Transport models based on modern information technology represent powerful computational software systems that, based on the functional and spatial characteristics of the city combined with all available data on transport demand and supply, calculate the most probable distribution of traffic and passenger flows across the street network. These calculations then form the basis for forecasting city development and provide the necessary analytical foundation for decision-making in the development of urban transport infrastructure. «Correct» strategic management of the city's transport system, among other things, directly affects the quality of transport services for the population and road safety. The main advantage of transport models is that they allow experimentation not with people, but only with a computer representation of their daily behavior. Keywords: transportation model, transport demand, transport supply, transport zone, demand layer.

Spatial pattern and coupling characteristics analysis of maritime traffic and economic development based on shipping big data

The rapid development of maritime transport and the gradual increase in the number of ports, ships and shipping routes can produce direct economic benefits for regional development, and a profound grasp of the actual situation of maritime transport makes it possible to make practical plans for economic development and thus rationally develop and use marine resources. However, there is a lack of research on maritime transport, so this study is based on the AIS, waterways, routes and ports data in the near-shore sea area of Guangdong Province. Using GIS spatial analysis technology and various mathematical models, we refer to the evaluation method of road traffic dominance. It analyses and proposes the evaluation indexes of maritime traffic advantages, such as the density of maritime traffic network and the proximity of ports. Based on the actual situation of the study regions, the indicators were quantitatively evaluated and analyzed. The economic development level of each region was also quantitatively evaluated using principal component analysis, and the study regions were classified based on the coupling-coordination model. The results show that the coastal area of Guangdong Province is divided into four types of zones according to the coupling-coordination type of zoning criteria. Corresponding development suggestions are put forward for different zones, and the research results provide certain practical guidelines for promoting the benign cycle development of maritime traffic and economy, and have important guiding significance and application value for the organization and safety of maritime traffic.

The Situation of Cross-Border Transportation of Goods through the 2nd Friendship Bridge Savannakhet-Mukdahan

This study is about the situation of cross-border transportation of goods through the 2nd Friendship Bridge Savannakhet-Mukdahan. The purpose of the study is to 1) study the situation of development of transportation and logistics in the friendship bridge, 2) The condition of transporting goods through the friendship bridge, and 3) Difficulties of entrepreneurs using the 2nd friendship bridge service, the population represented in the study was the driver of a truck that passed through the Savannakhet-Mukdahan International Checkpoint, Specific types of imported goods a total of 138 people were identified. The statistics used for data analysis is descriptive statistics to find frequencies and percentages. The results of the study show that the world bank has determined the logistics performance index: LPI and published the results of the comparative efficiency ranking of 160 countries. In 2018, the Lao PDR was ranked 82nd in the world with a score of 2,8 and in which ranked 69th of 160 counties in terms of the ability to trach and trace consignments with an average score of 2,9. Laos can now export and distribute goods to Thailand with other countries in Asia and Europe: China, Hungary, Poland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Singapore, Japan, Italy and France using Road NO 12 and Route 9. This is an important strategic route due to the ability to transport goods to countries in the region, which is a wholesale market and a channel to import cheap machinery, equipment, or inputs, making locally produced goods cheaper, which will increase domestic competitiveness and increase domestic competitiveness. Exports and imports across the 2nd Friendship Bridge, a five-year period from 2016-2020, see a year-on-year trade deficit due to the need to use agricultural inputs to boost agricultural production and boost agricultural exports in the future. The problems in transportation of goods in practice, the country has not yet been able to take full advantage of cross-border transport via the 2nd Friendship Bridge. Due to climate change, which is a barrier to delayed transportation, the overall infrastructure is still incomplete as there are still some areas of the road that need to be constructed and improved, along with the problems and obstacles of transport rules and regulations, such as: Problems with one-stop inspection, difficulties in customs clearance procedures and convenience of transport officials.

Design of urban low-carbon green transportation demonstration area in the context of "dual carbon" --Taking Wuhua District of Kunming City (Zhengyi Road and Sanshi Street area) as an example

In the context of "dual-carbon", by reconstructing the relationship between people and vehicles, optimizing spatial quality, and taking street space renovation as a starting point, we can continuously improve the travel experience of human-centered neighborhoods, build a higher-quality living environment, and guide green travel. Under this context, this study takes Wuhua District, Kunming, Zhengyi Road and Sanshi Street as a case to explore the design of urban low-carbon green transportation demonstration area under the background of "dual-carbon". By analyzing the "dual-carbon" strategy and related policies, and taking into account the current transportation situation in Wuhua District, Kunming, it is found that there are problems such as traffic congestion, chaotic parking, and poor bus routes in this area. To address these challenges, this study proposes a series of optimization measures based on successful cases at home and abroad, including improving the transportation network, strengthening non-motorized parking management, introducing intelligent traffic management systems, and optimizing the connection between bus routes and rail transit. These measures will help improve transportation efficiency, reduce congestion, promote green travel, and provide useful lessons and references for the construction of low-carbon transportation demonstration zones in other cities.

Research on the Improvement of Green Slow Traffic System under the Guidance of "Healthy City"

The rapid transformation of the world has changed the way people live. The level of urbanization is being saliently improved, material and civilization is becoming more and more abundant as well. Motor vehicles have reshaped our lifestyle. The mobile traffic-dominated planning thoughts has contributed to various problems such as disorder spread of cities, traffic congestion, aggravation of resource energy consumption, inclined allocation of social resources, and deterioration of urban health. In the evolution of urban slow traffic network in China, there are some problems such as the scale imbalance and the lack of humanistic care. In the situation of global low-carbon economic development, green travel and low-carbon transportation have been widely concerned. As a people-oriented, harmonious and low-carbon traditional green travel mode in the urban transportation system, slow traffic has once again become the focus of research. This paper will demonstrate the necessity of the development in slow traffic system under the concept of healthy city, combined with the current development status of slow traffic. The characteristics of green slow traffic system are analyzed from two aspects of goal-oriented (slow traffic subject) and demand-oriented (slow traffic activity). Then this paper will point out the problems existing in the current slow traffic and summarize the theoretical basis for improving the slow traffic environment. The strategic framework of improving the slow traffic system is constructed from the aspect of urban planning to promote healthy urban construction.

Optimization of Multimodal Paths for Oversize and Heavyweight Cargo under Different Carbon Pricing Policies

With the increasing global concern over climate change, reducing greenhouse gas emissions has become a universal goal for governments and enterprises. For oversize and heavyweight cargo (OHC) transportation, multimodal transportation has become widely adopted. However, this mode inevitably generates carbon emissions, making research into effective emission reduction strategies essential for achieving low-carbon economic development. This study investigates the optimization of multimodal transportation paths for OHC (OMTP-OHC), considering various direct carbon pricing policies and develops models for these paths under the ordinary scenario—defined as scenarios without any carbon pricing policies—and two carbon pricing policy scenarios, namely the emission trading scheme (ETS) policy and the carbon tax policy, to identify the most cost-effective solutions. An enhanced genetic algorithm incorporating elite strategy and catastrophe theory is employed to solve the models under the three scenarios. Subsequently, we examine the impact of ETS policy price fluctuations, carbon quota factors, and different carbon tax levels on decision-making through a case study, confirming the feasibility of the proposed model and algorithm. The findings indicate that the proposed algorithm effectively addresses this problem. Moreover, the algorithm demonstrates a small impact of ETS policy price fluctuations on outcomes and a slightly low sensitivity to carbon quota factors. This may be attributed to the relatively low ETS policy prices and the characteristics of OHC, where transportation and modification costs are significantly higher than carbon emission costs. Additionally, a comparative analysis of the two carbon pricing policies demonstrates the varying intensities of emission reductions in multimodal transportation, with the ranking of carbon emission reduction intensity as follows: upper-intermediate level of carbon tax > intermediate level of carbon tax > lower-intermediate level of carbon tax = ETS policy > the ordinary scenario. The emission reduction at the lower-intermediate carbon tax level (USD 8.40/t) matches that of the ETS policy at 30%, with a 49.59% greater reduction at the intermediate level (USD 50.48/t) compared to the ordinary scenario, and a 70.07% reduction at the upper-intermediate level (USD 91.14/t). The model and algorithm proposed in this study can provide scientific and technical support to realize the low-carbonization of the multimodal transportation for OHC. The findings of this study also provide scientific evidence for understanding the situation of multimodal transportation for OHC under China’s ETS policy and its performance under different carbon tax levels in China and other regions. This also contributes to achieving the goal of low-carbon economic development.

Accessibility for passengers with hidden disabilities in air transport: A literature review

This article analyzes the existing literature on the needs of passengers in transport and tourism situations that are hidden or invisible to service providers. Although accessibility in air transport is an emerging field of research, this study adds to the literature an in-depth understanding of the barriers these air passengers face, investigating accessibility recommendations for people with hidden disabilities in transport situations, including air transport. Various contexts of transport and tourism involving buses, subways, or tr et al. challenge this population through spatial disorientation, communication difficulties, sensory stimulating environments, anxiety, and other behaviors. These needs gain notoriety in airports due to the complexity of the environment and air travel, especially for individuals with intellectual, neurological, or developmental disabilities. As a result, the most emphasized recommendations in the literature were categorized according to the passenger's assistance needs in air travel, providing opportunities for improving assistance processes, structural conditions, and services at airports.

Comparison on Environmental Benefits of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Suzhou Before and After Classification

In order to systematically understand the urban environmental benefit improvement of municipal solid waste （MSW） classification, based on the disposal data of MSW before and after the MSW classification in Suzhou from 2017 to 2021, the environmental impact potential （EIP） of the MSW collection-transportation-disposal process was calculated, and the environmental benefits of the MSW integrated management in Suzhou to 2035 were predicted. After the MSW classification in Suzhou at the end of 2019, the EIP （in terms of PET2000, the same below） of the per unit weight of MSW was reduced by 18.38% from 2.34×10-13 t-1 in 2017 to 1.91×10-13 t-1 in 2021. The environmental benefits of the MSW integrated management could be improved by classification. Based on the Suzhou MSW removal and transportation situation in 2021, different classification and disposal scenarios were established to calculate. It was found that after the classification effect showed gradient improvement, and the disposal capacity matched accordingly, the environmental benefits of MSW were further improved. Under the planning disposal capacity scenario of "zero waste to landfill", the EIP and the total carbon emissions of per unit weight of MSW should be reduced by 23.96% and 30.73%, respectively, compared with the actual situation in 2021. Based on the linear model of population and economic development level of Suzhou, it is expected that the annual production of MSW in Suzhou will be increased to 6.965 million tons in 2035. Under the background of continuous improvement of MSW classification and continuous optimization of city appearance and environment in Suzhou, based on the status quo of terminal disposal capacity in Suzhou, the EIP of per unit weight of MSW after improving the efficiency of classification by 2035 was predicted to be 1.54×10-13 t-1, the total EIP would be 1.05×10-6, and the total carbon emissions would increase to 3.80 million tons. Under the ideal scenario of expanding the scale of waste disposal, "zero landfill" of raw MSW, and full resource utilization of food waste, the EIP of per unit weight of MSW in 2035 was predicted to be 1.28×10-13 t-1, and the total EIP and the total carbon emissions would be 8.69×10-7 and 3.23 million tons, respectively, which was approximately 5.65% and 1.23% less than the actual scenario in 2021, respectively. The EIP and carbon emissions of MSW integrated management could be controlled better by the coordinated promotion of classified collection and transportation and quality disposal.

Public Transportation System and Sustainable Development of Urban Transportation under Transit Oriented Development Mode: A Case Study of Jinan City

For more than 40 years since the reform and opening up, Chinese cities have faced tremendous pressure on transportation. In recent years, the Chinese government has recognized the importance of developing public transportation. From easing traffic congestion, improving air quality, and increasing the happiness index of residents, the government is making progressive efforts so as to upgrade sustainable urban development. The Transit Oriented Development (TOD) mode of public transportation is adopted to provide ideas for the sustainable development of urban transportation. This research analyses the theoretical mode of sustainable development of public transportation TOD, takes economy, environment and society as the entry points, and then analyzes the current situation of TOD mode development of public transportation in Jinan. After summarizing the shortcomings of its public transportation master plan and combining the excellent cases of Tokyo, Japan, and Hong Kong, China, this study analyzed the advantages of successful public transportation TOD mode for Jinan’s reference. Secondly, based on the basic transportation situation of Jinan, the future sustainable development of TOD mode is elaborated. In terms of transportation supply, transportation demand, and transportation system, it puts forward suggestions for sustainable development, including “congestion tax”, “rail + property” linked development, and rational planning of the urban layout. It also looks forward to the future development of Jinan in terms of economic, environmental and social aspects of sustainable development, in order to help Jinan improve the TOD mode to overcome the traffic congestion problem and promote the sustainable development of the city.

Research on the Dust Transport Law in Large Mining Height Fully Mechanized Mining Face

The fully mechanized mining face with high mining height has always been a high-risk area for coal mine dust pollution. In order to further understand the spatiotemporal transport law of dust in the zoning of the high mining height fully mechanized mining face, the 122109 high mining height fully mechanized mining face of Caojiatan Coal Mine was taken as the research object. Numerical simulation method was used to simulate and analyze the dust transport situation of the 122109 fully mechanized mining machine drum single dust source, the hydraulic support moving frame single dust source, and the superposition of all dust sources in forward and backward wind cutting coal. The research results can guide the ventilation layout design in the early stage of the mine and the dust control in the comprehensive mining process, which is of great significance for the construction of safe and green mines.

Ocular Trauma Characterization in a Reference Emergency Eye Centre in Colombia (FOSCAL).

Ocular trauma is one of the most important causes of ocular morbidity and inadequate visual acuity in developed and developing countries. In some countries, eye trauma is the leading cause of monocular blindness. Studies conducted in developing countries like Colombia suggest that there is a lack of awareness of preventive measures. In Colombia, there is no countrywide ocular trauma registry. The purpose of the present study is to describe and analyse characteristics of ocular trauma at a tertiary ophthalmology emergency department in Colombia. Patients who consulted or were referred to the ophthalmologic emergency department of FOSCAL due to eye injuries between March 1, 2022, and January 10, 2023, were included in this cross-sectional study. Of 1 957 patients, 2 088 eyes were included. Men comprised 78.5% of the patients, the median age was 36 years, and 75.0% lived in urban areas. The median latency between trauma and ophthalmology consultation was 21.8 hours. Of the eyes, 1 805 (88.4%) had suffered mechanical or mixed (mechanical plus burn) trauma. Of the injuries, 87.5% were unilateral. In terms of the circumstances, 45.9% of injuries occurred during working or educational activities (in 85.6% of these cases, without eye protection), 28.2% in home accidents, and 14.0% in transportation situations. According to the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System (BETT), 1 735 eyes (91.1%) were closed globe injuries, and 49 eyes (2.7%) were open globe injuries. Fifty eyes (2.8%) could not be categorised according to BETT at the initial consultation and were classified as "still to be determined". In the Ocular Trauma Score (OTS), 85.8% were category 5. Of the ocular burn cases, 93.0% were categorised as grade I according to the Roper Hall classification. In line with global literature, a much higher proportion of men than women sought consultation for ocular trauma. The findings suggest a need for improvement in the referral process from institutions with the lowest level of care. Lack of awareness about eye protection is an issue. Surgical exploration or additional tests may be necessary for precise injury classification. We therefore propose adding a "still to be determined" category to the BETT initial classification. These cases may be reclassified later, thus improving the accuracy of OTS calculation.

Ideology of Urban Road Transport Chaos and Accident Risk Management for Sustainable Transport Systems

Transport systems are complex systems present in modern cities. The sustainability of all other urban systems depends on the sustainable functioning of urban transport. Various processes occur within transport systems. Road traffic is one of them. At the same time, road traffic is a rather complex process to manage, which is explained by the influence of many different internal and external environmental factors. The unpredictable and chaotic behavior of each vehicle in a traffic flow complicates predicting the transport situation and traffic management. This problem gave rise to several unsolved problems, including traffic congestion and road accident rates. The solution to these problems is connected with sustainably managing transport systems in terms of road traffic. However, numerous regularities between elements within the system should be understood in order to implement the management process. Unfortunately, the results of many previous studies often reflect only partial regularities and have limited functionality. Therefore, a new approach to urban traffic management is needed. As opposed to the existing solutions, the authors of this paper propose to implement management based on the regularities of changes in the chaos of the transport system. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to establish the relationship between road traffic chaos and road accident rates. The general methodological basis of this research is the system approach and its methods: analysis and synthesis. The theoretical studies were mostly based on the theories of chaos, dynamic systems, and traffic flows. The experimental studies were based on the theories of experimental design, probability, and mathematical statistics. To achieve this goal, a profound analysis covered studies on the sustainability of transport and dynamic systems, sociodynamics, and traffic. The authors proposed considering the relative entropy of lane occupancy at signal-controlled intersections as a measure for assessing traffic flow chaos and sustainability. Notably, as the main conclusions, the authors established regularities for the influence of entropy on the kinetic energy of traffic flows and injury risk. It also makes sense to emphasize that the initial data for the experiment were collected via real-time processing of video images using neural network technologies. These technologies will further allow for the implementation of traffic management and real-time forecasting of various events. Ultimately, the authors identified changes in injury risk depending on the level of road chaos. According to the authors, the obtained results can be used to improve the sustainability of urban transport systems. The research identified changes in injury risk depending on the level of road chaos, which could have significant implications for urban traffic management strategies.

Effect of tea polyphenol-trehalose complex coating solutions on physiological stress and flesh quality of marine-cultured Turbot Scophthalmus maximus during waterless transport.

The waterless transport of live fish has changed the present situation of live-fish transport. However, the waterless transport environment may cause stress in fish. This research evaluated the effect of tea polyphenol-trehalose (TPT) coating solutions on Turbot Scophthalmus maximus during waterless transport. After cold acclimation, Turbot were coated and subsequently transported in a waterless environment for 18 h. Physiological and biochemical parameters were measured, including lysozyme (LZM) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) activities, serum creatinine (Cr) and uric acid (UA) concentrations, and nutritional flavor. The results showed that the nonspecific immunity of Turbot was inhibited during the waterless transport; the LZM activity first increased and then decreased, and the serum Cr and UA concentrations significantly increased. In addition, the waterless transport promoted the breakdown of Turbot flesh proteins, leading to changes in nucleotides and free amino acids (FAAs). After waterless transport, the LZM and IgM activities in the TPT-treated Turbot were higher than those in the control group (CK), and the changes in FAA content and nucleotides were smaller than those observed in the CK group. This study shows that the use of TPT coating solution can reduce the impact of waterless transportation stress on the immune and metabolic functions of Turbot and can maintain the meat quality and flavor of Turbot.

Topology-based Resilience Assessment of Port Multimodal Transport Networks: A Case Study of Shanghai Port

As transit nodes in the field of international trade, ports are of critical importance for establishing and maintaining the effectiveness of the trade supply chain. However, the system performance of ports is vulnerable to disruptions caused by unexpected events such as natural disasters, accidental catastrophes, and public health emergency. These disruptive events will have serious negative impacts on the normal operation performance of ports and international trade among countries. This paper is to propose a comprehensive assessment framework of the system resilience of the port multimodal transport networks before and after the occurrence of disruption events, which can effectively improve its ability to deal with emergencies, minimize losses, and enhance the system performance levels. This paper also establishes several simulation experiments focusing on the full lifecycle of resilience based on topology of the transport networks, and simulates a variety of scenarios regarding different damage and recovery modes, such as deliberate attack, random attack, planned recovery, and random recovery, in the assessment process. Then the actual transport situation of Shanghai port is taken as a case study, and three multimodal transport networks including the sea-rail network, the sea-road network, and the sea-road-rail network under different disruption scenarios are compared，and evaluate the evolutions of the network resilience of the multimodal transport networks of Shanghai port stage by stage. In addition, managerial suggestions are also proposed based on the resilience assessments of different disruption scenarios to maximize the resilience of multimodal transport networks of Shanghai port.

The Current Development and Optimization of Smart Public Transportation in Taiyuan City

"With the development of technology and the smartification of cities, the urbanization process is accelerating rapidly. The population and the number of motor vehicles in cities are increasing rapidly, leading to evident issues such as traffic congestion and air pollution. Smart public transportation, as an integral component of smart cities, can reduce passengers' travel costs, improve travel efficiency to some extent, and provide big data support for the development of smart transportation and even smart cities. It is a cost-effective, convenient, and environmentally friendly mode of transportation.This article first analyzes the current situation of smart public transportation in Taiyuan city. It points out issues such as uneven allocation of public transportation resources, prolonged travel times for passengers using public transportation, and overcrowding during peak hours. Drawing on the development experiences of smart public transportation in cities both domestically and internationally, the article proposes optimization suggestions for the current state of smart public transportation in Taiyuan. These include refined management of public transportation, skip-stop operations, smart resource allocation, and improvement of infrastructure construction. The aim is to provide theoretical guidance for the optimization and improvement of smart public transportation in Taiyuan, enabling more efficient development of 'smart public transportation' in the city.".

Research on the village layout optimization in China's developed areas based on daily life circles.

Public service facilities are the basic material carrier of social services. It is of great significance for the operation of social justice and the improvement of residents' wellbeing. In the process of rapid urbanization, the demand for traffic convenience and diversity of public service facilities in rural areas has been further improved. Since the sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, it is more necessary to meet the public service needs of human daily life within a certain space. The huge gap between urban and rural infrastructures, human living conditions, and supporting public services such as education, health, and culture has become a key bottleneck constraining the integration of urban and rural areas. It is appropriate to focus on the requirements for the construction of daily life circles and prioritize the satisfaction of villagers' increasing demand for public services in regions characterized by high levels of urban-rural integration. The behavior preference of public service facilities significantly affects the choice of residential areas. The existing research on village layout optimization focused on the spatial pattern, landscape morphology, influencing factors, and other contents. To some extent, the preference for equalization of public services in the context of urban-rural integration has been ignored. Uneven distribution and low utilization of public service facilities in villages resulted in an inability to adapt spatially and functionally in response to the renewal of urban-rural relations. Taking a highly developed urban and rural integration area named Wuxi City of Jiangsu Province in China as an example, this paper combines the current situation of public service facility allocation and the transport situation of residents in rural areas to build a life-circle system of different levels. On this basis, combined with the optimization goal of public service facilities and the constraints of agglomeration coverage, we try to determine the village layout optimization scheme under the construction of both the daily life circle and location-allocation model. The study can effectively adjust the allocation of public resources in rural areas and solve the problems of irrational village layout leading to long travel distances. It can also serve as a reference for improving the situation of lagging rural public service functions and promoting urban-rural equalization.

Model of the influence of weather conditions on car traffic (using the example of weather conditions in Siberia)

The purpose of the study is to build a model of the influence of weather and climatic factors on the throughput of various types of roads and intersections. Weather conditions affect the acceleration, braking and stability of a vehicle on the road. The results show that the weather affects traffic intersections of streets, which need to be optimized depending on the current road and transport situation. As a result, a model of the influence of rain, snow and ice on road situations was simulated and built.

The Construction of the Revolutionary Year of 1917: The First Russian Sulphate Pulp Plant

During the First World War in Russia, along with mobilization and evacuation, the construction of industrial enterprises was carried out. The study of this problem will allow us to understand how decisions were made on the construction of new production facilities in the deteriorating socio-economic situation, how the construction was carried out and how it depended on the course of the revolutionary process in the country. Using the example of the joint-stock company of the Nikolay-Pavdinsky mountain district, it is shown how the project of constructing the country’s first sulphate pulp plant was implemented in the Northern Urals. The development of the forest industry in the mountainous district began at the beginning of the 20th century, on the eve of the First World War, a paper mill was built near the Lyalya station, its expansion was planned for several years. The stimulating factor was also the growth of the needs of the population and industry for paper due to the loss of a number of western regions of the empire. The receipt by the joint-stock company of solid revenue in the 1915/1916 operating year allowed it to begin the practical implementation of the project, hoping to put the enterprise into operation in 1918. In the spring of 1917, the firm “A. V. Bolotnikov & Co” began its construction. It was revealed that sometimes conflict situations arose between the contractor and the management of the mountain district. A positive role in their solution was played by the experience of A. V. Bolotnikov and the actions of the district leaders. In autumn, most of the construction work was completed, but the change of government, the sharp deterioration of the transport and financial situation did not allow the company to be equipped.