Situation Of Social Exclusion Research Articles

Los departamentos de orientación ante la exclusión social. Prácticas inclusivas / Guidance departments dealing with social exclusion. Inclusive practices.

We approach three secondary education public schools of the Andalusia Autonomous Community, located in rural and vulnerable to social and educative exclusion areas, aiming to identify, select and classify practices that promote social cohesion and educational development of students, while reducing social and educational exclusion processes. The study has been conducted through a qualitative methodology in which design we consider: analyzing the information contained in the educational administration databases of ESO students in situation of social exclusion; selecting a sample of IES centers located in contexts of vulnerability, with a high rate of pupils in school failure risk, above Andalusia average. Data collecting instruments were based on depth interviews and the analysis of various documents and reports from schools and from different national and international organizations. As outstanding results of this process, we highlight the function of Counselling and Guidance Departments and the core figure of the counselor, who enhances and encourages the emergence of practices and strategies that address the phenomenon of social exclusion. So, three key sub-categories are notorious in the analysis: personal relationships, school and classroom organization and the establishment of a linkage with the context of the school.

Evaluating contemporary social exclusion in Europe: a hierarchical latent class approach

In recent years, the concept of social exclusion has received a renewed attention in scientific research, as well as in politics. In this contribution we propose a hierarchical Latent Class (LC) model for the analysis of differences and similarities about experiences and perceptions of social exclusion among European regions. Social exclusion is a situation that affects individuals, and derives from a multidimensional deprivation in several domains of life. In particular, we identify and define an economic, a social and an institutional dimension. The LCs, which structure the individuals with respect to a set of observed indicators, represent different typologies of social exclusion at individual level according to the three identified dimensions. The regional differences in the latent variable distribution are modeled following a nonparametric approach for the random effects. This multilevel extension leads to the identification of a typology of regions, allowing different social exclusion structures to stand out for different European areas. The hierarchical latent class approach proves to be profitable in investigating the relevance of different risk factors of social exclusion and their relationships, and in verifying whether, and to what extent, the same risks and disadvantages determine the same perception of marginalization and exclusion in different political, economic, social and cultural contexts. The analysis is carried out using the 56.1-2001 Eurobarometer Survey, which focused on poverty and social exclusion situations, from both a subjective and an objective point of view.

Perception of Social Participation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Interpersonal dysfunction is a key feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Distorted perception of participation in social situations and altered emotional responses could contribute to these typical interpersonal problems in BPD. Thirty patients with BPD were compared with a healthy control group (n = 30) in their perceptions and subjective emotional reactions to situations of social inclusion and exclusion. Participants played Cyberball, a virtual ball-tossing paradigm, in which social inclusion and exclusion are experimentally induced. Control participants reacted with an increase in sadness, anger and overall negative affect when excluded. In BPD patients, social exclusion also induced anger, while general participating in the game seemed to reduce levels of sadness. Compared with healthy controls, BPD patients felt more readily excluded independent of the condition of inclusion or exclusion. In conclusion, patients with BPD displayed a negative bias toward perceived participation in social situations. Key PRACTITIONER MESSAGE: Patients with BPD have a biased perception for exclusion. Virtual ball-tossing games can be used to induce anger in patients with BPD. Participating in a virtual ball-tossing game may reduce levels of sadness in BPD in the short term.

Atendimento de Saúde à Criança em Situação de Exclusão Social

The project is designed to assist children and adolescents at risk who attend a non-governmental, non-profitable organization. These are children living in precarious tenements in the central district of Sao Paulo, with great chances of becoming homeless. The project aims to enable nursing students to organize health services and assist the child in situations of social exclusion. Under teacher supervision, the student evaluates the growth and development of the children, their personal history, family and living condition; prepare prescription, intervention and outcome of nursing, develops health guidelines for children and families, and makes referrals to health care partners. Students developed the instruments for data collection, identified the needs and health problems and adopted measures consistent with the peculiarities of the child. The evolution of the study showed that the project is viable, demands low cost and has potential to be replicated with other social groups.

Living without psychiatrists in the Andes: Plight and resilience of the Quichua (Inca) People

There is an estimated 30 million indigenous peoples in South America. Most of them live in the Andes. Regional states and governments neglect their health care needs and exclude them from the conventional Western health services in general and mental health care in particular. This review first describes this population's current situation of social exclusion, poverty and poor health. The problem of mental health care inequities in the region is illustrated through the case of the Quichua people. Indeed, for the population of over 5 million Quichua people in Ecuador, there are no psychiatric services. There are no culturally sensitive services offered in the Quichua language. The doctor–Quichua patient communication is poor and interactions are loaded with prejudice. The review provides a rationale for the Quichuas' reluctance to seek medical doctors in Ecuador. Finally, traditional healers' contribution to the mental health care of indigenous peoples is stressed, as well as their preference for a form of medical pluralism, mainly combining both traditional Quichua medicine and Western medicine. Woeful inequalities and inaccessibility to psychological and biomedical psychiatric care still widely affect the children of the sun in the Pacific Rim.

Metodología comunicativa crítica: transformaciones y cambios en el s. XXI

Los análisis educativo-sociales que se llevan a cabo sobre la actual sociedaddescubren valores cada vez más dialógicos. Para analizar esta sociedad se hace necesariodisponer de una metodología que responda a ese carácter cada vez más dialógico ycomplejo. La metodología comunicativa crítica responde a esta nueva situación, contribuyendoa la superación de desigualdades educativas y sociales y fomentando la inclusiónsocial de los colectivos que se encuentran en situaciones más desfavorecidas. Eneste artículo presentamos cómo a través de la metodología comunicativa crítica podemosllevar a cabo análisis de problemáticas educativas y sociales que muy difícilmentepodrían ser abordados desde metodologías más tradicionales. Para ello, introduciremosbrevemente las principales características de la sociedad en la que nos encontramos, quénuevos retos se nos plantean y cómo mediante la metodología comunicativa crítica podemoscontribuir a superar situaciones de exclusión social

Ressignificações do trabalho das mulheres para a agenda das políticas públicas.

A discussão sobre os significados dos trabalhos desempenhados por mulheres e o modo como a agenda das políticas públicas pode incorporar tais significações representa o foco deste artigo. A partir da discussão sobre a colonização do mundo da vida pela economia, do debate feminista em relação à centralidade do trabalho e de algumas notas de um trabalho de campo, o presente artigo centra seu conteúdo em quatro questões: a construção social acerca das atividades desenvolvidas por mulheres, em especial aquelas que estão nitidamente em situação de pobreza e exclusão social; os sentidos que o trabalho assume para mulheres que trabalham fora e dentro de casa; ativos sociais que mulheres criam para compensar a falta de políticas públicas; a importância de se redesenhar o escopo e o alcance das políticas públicas articulando o trabalho para o mercado, o trabalho doméstico e a provisão estatal de bem-estar.

La valutazione delle reti di partnership dei progetti di inserimento lavorativo per tossicodipendenti

- This article shows some highlights of a network evaluation, which was part of a bigger evaluation design of 5 local projects - implemented in Lazio region - for employment insertion for persons in a serious situation of social exclusion. Evaluation had followings main goals: - Network evaluation of local partnerships; - Morphological analysis of networks and their potential sustainability for the future. Evaluators used two techniques for data collection: an evaluation card and interviews to strategic witnesses. The first part of the article is dedicated to illustrate starting assumptions and detailed evaluation results of each project; in the second part general consideration are proposed about state of art of local social network and their potential development in the future.Key words: network analysis, employment insertion for persons in situation of social exclusionParole chiave: analisi delle reti, inserimento lavorativo di soggetti deboli

Reflecting about gender violence and african american women: The experience of the NGO Maria Mulher - Brazil

The African American women's socioeconomic, political and cultural conditions are unstable; many of these women face social exclusion situations and have no access to public policies. The experience of the NGO Maria Mulher has considered racial discrimination in relation to African American women as a fact which empowers gender violence and causes damage to life quality and to health. This research tried to understand the effects of racial discrimination to the identities construction and to the subjectivation modes of African American women attended by the SOS Racism program. The women showed intense emotional suffering due to discrimination and racism they have faced. In the group process new meanings for the violence were produced, transforming the personal narrative into a public report. 

All That Glitters Is Not Gold

Can the private or public sector provide the conditions necessary to mitigate the impoverishment associated with relocation caused by induced development in indigenous communities? This article studies the impacts generated by the construction of a hydroelectric dam on the social development, health, and culture of the Pehuenche Indians in Alto Bío Bío, Chile. Dam construction resulted in the resettlement of 77 indigenous families from their ancestral lands to two new communities. The mitigation program has provided the affected families better material conditions, with a new house, potable water, and a sewage system. Unfortunately, the process does not contemplate the immaterial aspects, creating a situation of greater vulnerability and social exclusion. Among the impacts observed are the community's lack of self-determination, community atomization, irregular practice of traditional ceremonies, alcoholism, and a feeling of incapacity with respect to change.

Exclusión social y desintegración económica de los jornaleros Agropecuarios: Un análÍsÍs comparativo entre México y España

Los jornaleros se encuentran en el fondo de la sociedad rural: sus ingresos son inferiores a los de cualquier otro grupo social, y el carácterestacional de la actividad que realizan implica que se vean obligados aemigran en busca del escaso empleo disponible. La falta de integracióneconómica; es decir, la carencia de unos ingresos y empleo establesjunto a unas exiguas perspectivas de futuro, que les excluye del Estadode bienestar, provoca una situación de exclusión social.Este artículo, basado en un acercamiento cualitativo, analiza deforma comparada la situación de exclusión social de los trabajadoreseventuales agrarios de Andalucía y Extremadura (España) y Tamaulipas(México); entendiendo este concepto como la desintegración económica de los jornaleros.

Predictable Pathways? Negotiating Risk in the Context of Marginalisation and Social Exclusion

This article is based on ethnographic research with young people living in an area of multiple deprivation in the North-east of England. The young people in this study experience many risk factors associated with social exclusion and future offending. Through in-depth examination of crime within the context of their lives, it will be argued that recent theorisations of youth crime and criminal careers do not fully capture the nature of their offending, the contextual circumstances surrounding it and the differential impact of similar risk factors on their lives. The article concludes by suggesting that not only do such theories detract from the situations of poverty and social exclusion in which young people live but that youth policies informed by them potentially add to their experiences of exclusion and marginalisation.

To Move or Not to Move? Social Exclusion, Accessibility and Daily Mobility among the Low‐income Population in Santiago, Chile

Changes in the patterns of quotidian physical mobility of the population are at the very centre of transformations in contemporary urban life. The city of Santiago, Chile is no exception to this trend. But these changes do not affect the whole population in the same way. This paper is based on a case study of a low‐income population group and how their situation of social exclusion interferes with their patterns of everyday mobility. In order to do so we describe in‐depth their everyday mobility in two central interrelated aspects: where and how these individuals travel during workdays and weekends. We conclude that in contemporary Santiago the low degrees of motility of low income population constitute one of the main ways in which contemporary social exclusion is enacted in everyday practice.

La Evolución de los Derechos de la Infancia: Una Visión Internacional

During the 20th century a process of internationalisation concerning children’s rights has been operationalized via, among other events, International Congresses held to exchange experiences and common protection policies between some European and American countries; and the emergence and application of national protection policies. In addition, working from the promulgation of three important international treaties in 1924, 1959 and 1989, these policies have expanded and are being used as a model by countries that are implementing them progressively. However, it can be proven that discourse on childhood in this period has been continuous, highlighting the rights to autonomy and above all those regarding protection and help for boys and girls in social exclusion situations.

Intermediación laboral, migración y exclusión social: los pizcadores de naranja en Tamaulipas

En Tamaulipas el mercado de trabajo de la naranja se basa en un complejo sistema de intermediación laboral que conduce a una desconexión entre la mano de obra (los pizcadores de naranja) y sus empleadores (los dueños de las recibas de naranja). Este artículo analiza cómo este sistema de intermediación laboral acentúa la situación de exclusión social de los jornaleros migratorios empleados en la pizca de la naranja, ya que repercute en salarios más bajos y conduce a una total desprotección social de los jornaleros.

Alfabetização de jovens e adultos: política pública e movimento popular

O presente texto versa sobre a alfabetização de jovens e adultos realizada pelo Projeto AJA-Expansão, da Secretaria Municipal de Goiânia (SME), desenvolvido em parceria com a sociedade civil, universidades e outras instituições. Esse projeto configura-se na concretização de uma bandeira de luta contra o analfabetismo em Goiânia, fazendo parte de uma política pública municipal de combate emergencial e estrutural às situações de exclusão social. O texto apresenta as origens e estrutura do Projeto AJA-Expansão e o papel do Estado - como implementador de políticas públicas - e da sociedade civil, configurando-se em um movimento de educação popular.

Paisagem e capital social: proposta metológica para leitura da paisagem

O termo capital social data do começo do século 20 na área de educação, mas foi Jane Jacobs, em seu livro Vida e morte das grandes cidades americanas, que o introduziu para designar a saudável rede de relações sociais existente em sua vizinhança em Nova Iorque. Posteriormente, o conceito de capital social foi desenvolvido pelo sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu, cujos escritos contribuíram para o reconhecimento de Capital Social, nos anos 90, como uma área de pesquisa multidisciplinar capaz de ligar aspectos físicos a aspectos sociológicos e econômicos. Contudo, Bourdieu não desenvolveu plenamente a relação entre capital social e paisagem. Esse artigo extende o debate atual sobre capital social para a área de design da paisagem e enfoca a criação de metodologia para leitura da paisagem urbana. Dentro desse contexto e baseado em tese de doutorado defendida na área de Arquitetura da Paisagem na University of Guelph, Canadá, primeiramente a teoria de capital social de Bourdieu é desenvolvida, com ênfase nas suas dimensões físicas, e é apresentado o conceito de capital social objetificado para descrever o processo através do qual o capital social é cristalizado na paisagem. Este conceito proposto é considerado pertinente para atuar como um fundamento transdiciplinar para a intervenção na paisagem urbana brasileira. Num segundo momento é proposta uma metodologia que se julga capaz de funcionar como uma ferramenta para arquitetos e planejadores desenvolver um design inclusivo e responsivo aos diversos usuários dos espaços de forma a ajudar a minimizar o atual quadro de exclusão social brasileiro.

Healing the wounds of school by returning to the land: Cree elders come to the rescue of a lost generation

How can indigenous peoples react to a situation of change that has a particularly strong effect on their youth? This article attempts to understand whether young Crees, who today find themselves all too often in a situation of double social exclusion, can complete their schooling, thus qualifying for work in the dominant society, while at the same time gaining command of the knowledge and know‐how of their own society. Among the James Bay Cree Indians, some elders welcome youngsters after a period of delinquency and who are having problems into their hunting camps, and by initiating them to life “on the land” succeed in restoring their relationship with the world. This exemplary experience makes it possible to imagine solutions for helping indigenous youth fully to benefit from the two worlds in which they have roots. The elders, by inventing a healing process based on an initiation to the natural and cultural environment, offer a modern‐day shamanism.

Introduction: between cultures and natures

How can indigenous peoples react to a situation of change that has a particularly strong effect on their youth? This article attempts to understand whether young Crees, who today find themselves all too often in a situation of double social exclusion, can complete their schooling, thus qualifying for work in the dominant society, while at the same time gaining command of the knowledge and know‐how of their own society. Among the James Bay Cree Indians, some elders welcome youngsters after a period of delinquency and who are having problems into their hunting camps, and by initiating them to life “on the land” succeed in restoring their relationship with the world. This exemplary experience makes it possible to imagine solutions for helping indigenous youth fully to benefit from the two worlds in which they have roots. The elders, by inventing a healing process based on an initiation to the natural and cultural environment, offer a modern‐day shamanism.

Sida y exclusión social : alteraciones emocionales

This study analyses emotional disturbances in people infected by AIDS. The participants (105 males) were separated in the following four groups: (1) subjects with AIDS, with a parenteral drug addiction (ADVP), and who live in a condition of social exclusion (SE) (n = 30); (2) ADVP and SE subjects (n = 30); (3) SE subjects (n = 15); and (4) individuals in a condition of social adaptation (n = 30). The assessment was made by means of self-report instruments of anxiety, depression and psychopathology. Results point out that people who are in a situation of social exclusion have a similar pattern in the studied variables unlike the normal group. However, this does not show in a clear way that the same frequency of emotional alterations may exist in these groups, thus we suggest that possibly there may be particular situations which make certain exclusion groups receive more multidisciplinary intervention.