Management Of Situations Research Articles

Non-traumatic complete cervical spine dislocation with severe fixed kyphosis: successful multidisciplinary approach to a challenging case

BackgroundTo our knowledge, there is no previous report in the literature of non-traumatic neglected complete cervical spine dislocation characterized by anterior spondyloptosis of C4, extreme head drop, and irreducible cervicothoracic kyphosis.Case presentationWe report the case of a 33-year-old Caucasian man with a 17-year history of severe immune polymyositis and regular physiotherapy who presented with severe non-reducible kyphosis of the cervicothoracic junction and progressive tetraparesia for several weeks after a physiotherapy session. Radiographs, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a complete dislocation at the C4–C5 level, with C4 spondyloptosis, kyphotic angulation, spinal cord compression, and severe myelopathy. Due to recent worsening of neurological symptoms, an invasive treatment strategy was indicated. The patient’s neurological status and spinal deformity greatly complicated the anesthetic and surgical management, which was planned after extensive multidisciplinary discussion and relied on close collaboration between the orthopedic surgeon and the anesthetist. Regarding anesthesia, difficult airway access was expected due to severe cervical angulation, limited mouth opening, and thyromental distance, with high risk of difficult ventilation and intubation. Patient management was further complicated by a theoretical risk of neurogenic shock, motor and sensory deterioration, instability due to position changes during surgery, and postoperative respiratory failure. Regarding surgery, a multistage approach was carefully planned. After a failed attempt at closed reduction, a three-stage surgical procedure was performed to reduce displacement and stabilize the spine, resulting in correct spinal realignment and fixation. Progressive complete neurological recovery was observed.ConclusionThis case illustrates the successful management of a critical situation based on a multidisciplinary collaboration involving radiologists, anesthesiologists, and spine surgeons.

How Did We Deal with the Pandemic? - Experience from a Tertiary Health Institute in Eastern India.

With the introduction of the novel coronavirus in late 2019, the healthcare system of every country in the world experienced many challenges. In India, every healthcare organization has prepared itself to fight against these global challenges. This study aims to describe the challenges faced during the COVID-19 pandemic and how we dealt with the pandemic successfully. This narrative analysis study was made in a 960-bedded teaching hospital during the pandemic. The challenges were identified from the minutes of meetings, circulars issued, and various strategic decisions made to combat the pandemic. The challenges faced by the institute were categorized into nine different categories: infrastructural, human resource, hospital operations, and others. Lack of knowledge during the initial days of the pandemic, need for round-theclock situational management, and day-to-day operation needed aggressive training and adherence to the guidelines. Gaps identified in areas like inventory, infection control, logistics, etc., were quickly addressed, and processes were created as per the nation's changing guidelines. This study revealed strategies to manage the pandemic by optimally utilizing available resources with good teamwork and situational leadership.

IS THE DEPENDENCE OF PASSENGER STRESS ON THE PERCEIVED QUALITY OF TRANSPORTATION IS MORE COMPLEX THAN WE INTENDED? EXPANDING THE METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF RESEARCH AND DECISION MAKING

Purpose. Development of a methodological basis for measuring the dependence of passenger’ stress on the perceived quality of public transport service. Its achievement will contribute to certainty in management situations, when the task of the transport operator's management is to reduce the stress level of passengers. Research methodology: Research methodology: First survey was conducted by the Joint Stock Company "Ukrainian Railway". We found the most important attributes of the quality of transport service for passengers by types of wagons, the advantages and disadvantages of trip, the desired vectors of the customer value of the transport service. The second survey was conducted in the Luxembourg on the travel behavior of residents and commuters from neighboring countries. The results showed that the quality of the transport service perceived by the passenger is the main factor of stress. The dependence of passengers' stress level on attributes and aggregated perceived quality is complex. Therefore, when studying it, it is necessary to apply measurements along many dimensions. Scientific novelty. An important interest of transport operator is the dependence of passenger stress on the perceived quality of transport service. Point-oriented approaches to its study do not provide complete information that the management of the transport operator needs when developing measures to reduce passenger stress. The literature on passenger stress is analyzed from the point of view of the completeness of management information, which is necessary for transport operator to reduce passenger stress. The results of the literature review are checked in the authors' own research, which they conducted in Ukraine and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. New approaches to measurement of the dependence between passenger stress and the perceived quality of transport service are proposed. They form a broader methodological basis for research and management in this area. Practical significance. The application of the proposed approaches by the management of the transport operator will allow it to make decisions on regulating the quality of the transport service in order to reduce the stress of passengers on the basis of more complete management information.

Research on the Path of Enhancing the Serviceability of University Educational Administration Personnel Based on Knowledge Management

Background and Aim: “Educational administration service” is a key means for educational administration personnel in colleges and universities to better serve the development of school teaching affairs based on their positions. Its service level and efficiency directly affect and restrict the development of education and teaching work in colleges and universities. Therefore, improving the serviceability of educational administration personnel in colleges and universities is of practical significance. Materials and Methods: This study adopts the method of literature and questionnaire. Construct the dimensions of knowledge management of university educational administration personnel by consulting literature. To investigate the influence of knowledge management on the serviceability of university educational administration personnel, this paper analyzes the relationship between the current situation of knowledge management and the serviceability of university educational administration personnel through a questionnaire survey. Results: A variable measurement method combining multiple methods is constructed. The quantitative model of service management ability is built by combining interpersonal communication ability, organization and coordination ability, teamwork ability, professional management ability, and research expansion ability. The index system of educational administration service has been formed, which provides theoretical and practical data for more fully and systematically analyzing educational administration serviceability. The results show that the total score of knowledge management has a significant predictive effect on the total score of educational serviceability of university educational administration personnel, that is, knowledge acquisition and creation, knowledge sharing and circulation, knowledge application and transformation, knowledge protection and management, knowledge innovation and development have a promoting effect on the improvement of educational serviceability of university educational administration personnel. Conclusion: This paper reveals the multifaceted ways of influencing knowledge management on educational administration serviceability. The five dimensions of knowledge acquisition and creation, knowledge sharing and circulation, knowledge application and transformation, knowledge protection and management, knowledge innovation, and development have a direct impact on the serviceability of educational administration. This paper reveals the improvement path of educational administration serviceability and summarizes the influencing factors of knowledge management on educational administration serviceability.

SEVERE ACUTE PANCREATITIS REVEALING EXTENSIVE AORTIC DISSECTION: A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Severe acute pancreatitis is a frequent reason for hospitalization in the intensive care unit. Biliary and alcoholic etiologies are the most frequent. Vascular etiology, particularly ischemic etiology, is rare. Its often-serious consequences raise the question of how to proceed: should surgical treatment be provided, or should medical care be delayed? This study reports the case of an 87-year-old patient, known to be hypertensive, admitted to the emergency department of the Oued Eddahab military hospital with excruciating epigastric abdominal pain. Investigations revealed severe acute pancreatitis of ischemic origin following thoracoabdominal aortic dissection extending to the superior mesenteric artery. A review of the literature revealed only 15 similar cases of acute pancreatitis of ischemic origin associated with aortic dissection. This underlines the rarity of this situation, and the absence of standardized recommendations for the management of this exceptional situation, which presents the clinician with the dilemma of whether to opt for surgical or medical management. This case demonstrated the exceptional role of medical imaging in the context of severe acute pancreatitis, in terms of diagnosis, prognosis and etiology. It also highlighted the importance of an individualized approach based on multidisciplinary consultation, given the absence of recommendations and the paucity of literature.

Evaluation of Practical Education for the Courses of Arabic Language and Islamic Education in the College of Education – Kuwait University

This study explores student-teacher interactions, highlighting discussions with associate teachers about educational challenges. It examines the impact of cooperative learning and internet resources on feedback exchange among students and teachers, also noting their active involvement in school activities. The research identifies a keen interest in developing educational situation management skills for teaching Islamic education and focuses on effectively utilising educational tools like the Internet. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of a comprehensive theoretical framework encompassing Arabic and Islamic education requirements within the school context. The findings reveal multifaceted dimensions of student- teacher engagement, learning strategies, and skill enhancement in practical education.

MEDICAL EMERGENCIES PREPAREDNESS IN DENTAL CLINIC AMONG POSTGRADUATE RESIDENTS IN NEPAL

Background: Serious medical emergencies in dental practices are generally rare (one in 3-5 years) but if it happens it is life threatening to the patient. Adequate knowledge and competency, training of the dental practitioners is necessary to avoid such life-threatening conditions. The study was conducted to assess the preparedness of medical emergencies among postgraduate dental students of Nepal. Methods: An online questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted among all post graduate dental students from all the dental colleges of Nepal. Pretested, validated, close ended questionnaire was used. Questionnaire consisted of twenty medical emergency situations and five questions regarding self-evaluation of training regarding the management of medical emergencies. Chi-square test was used to assess association between competency in managing medical emergency situations and years of academic experience during post-graduation. P- value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: More than 70% participants answered correct management of medical emergency situations. Almost 20% disagreed and 20% don’t know about the management of such situations. Only 28% received training in the management of medical emergencies during undergraduate dental program. More than 50% were moderately satisfied with their knowledge about medical emergencies. Conclusions: The results of the study showed that knowledge to handle commonly occurring medical emergencies was higher. Most of the participants did not attend any training regarding medical emergencies. And those who attended felt there is need for further training in the management of emergency medical cases in the dental chair.

Modern approaches to team management in the development and implementation of international projects at enterprises

Introduction. In the modern dynamic environment of socio-economic systems, the issues related to team management at enterprises engaged in foreign economic activity and the development and implementation of international projects are becoming increasingly relevant. The development of projects, regardless of their nature, often requires the collaborative, coordinated efforts of numerous individuals with diverse roles, competencies, professional skills, and cross-cultural peculiarities. The purpose of the paper is to study the peculiarities of team management at the enterprise in the conditions of the development and implementation of international projects, to identify trends, perspectives and problems of ensuring the flexibility and adaptability of team work organization at the enterprise. Results. The paper explores the peculiarities of team management in the context of developing and implementing international projects. It discusses the principles of team management in enterprises involved in international project development and implementation. The main types of team management in enterprises are analyzed, including autocratic, democratic, transactional, and situational management. The paper justifies the key stages of project management and examines the essence of the Scrum technology for agile project management. It identifies its advantages and disadvantages and proposes a process for implementing Scrum technology in team management at enterprises engaged in international project development and implementation. Conclusions. Team management in the context of international projects can also involve the study and implementation of innovative methodologies, such as Scrum. Implementing Scrum technology can help optimize the processes of project development and execution, promoting greater flexibility and speed in team management. Scrum defines clear role allocation within the team, establishes short development cycles, and focuses on continuous improvement and feedback. This methodology can be particularly useful in international projects where the ability to adapt to changes and quickly respond to market demands is crucial.

The Purpose Model for Improving Digital Management in Universities in Guangxi

The objectives of this research were: 1) to study the current situation of digital management in universities in Guangxi, 2) to develop the purpose model for improving digital management in universities in Guangxi, 3) to evaluate the suitability and feasibility of the purpose model for improving digital management in universities in Guangxi. The sample group of this research was 148 administrators in 20 public undergraduate universities in Guangxi. They were selected by systematic random sampling and sample random sampling. The interview group was led by administrators from 12 universities, totaling 12 people. The experts for evaluating the suitability and feasibility of the purpose model for improving digital management consisted of high-level administrators from 7 universities, totaling 7 people. The research instruments were document analysis, questionnaire, structured interview, and evaluation form. The statistics to analyze the data were percentage, average value, and standard deviation. The results found that the current situation of digital management in universities in Guangxi in five aspects was at a high level. Considering the results of this research aspects ranged from the highest to lowest level were as follows: the highest level was the digital campus security management system, followed by the digital student management system, and the digital scientific research management system was the lowest level. The purpose model for improving digital management in universities in Guangxi has five aspects, which contain 40 measures. There are 7 measures to enhance the digital management ability of Guangxi University managers, 10 measures to promote the digital teaching management system in Universities in Guangxi, 8 measures to promote the digital scientific research management system in Universities in Guangxi, 9 measures to promote the digital student management system in Universities in Guangxi, 6 measures to promote the digital campus security management system in Universities in Guangxi. The results of the evaluation of the suitability and feasibility of the purpose model for improving digital management in universities in Guangxi were at the highest level.

Task offloading in mobile edge computing using cost-based discounted optimal stopping

Abstract Mobile edge computing (MEC) paradigm has emerged to improve the quality of service & experience of applications deployed in close proximity to end-users. Due to their restricted computational and communication resources, MEC nodes can provide access to a portion of the entire set of services and data gathered. Therefore, there are several obstacles to their management. Keeping track of all the services offered by the MEC nodes is challenging, particularly if their demand rates change over time. Received tasks (such as, analytics queries, classification tasks, and model learning) require services to be invoked in real MEC use-case scenarios, e.g., smart cities. It is not unusual for a node to lack the necessary services or part of them. Undeniably, not all the requested services may be locally available; thus, MEC nodes must deal with the timely and appropriate choice of whether to carry out a service replication (pull action) or tasks offloading (push action) to peer nodes in a MEC environment. In this study, we contribute with a novel time-optimized mechanism based on the optimal stopping theory, which is built on the cost-based decreasing service demand rates evidenced in various service management situations. Our mechanism tries to optimally solve the decision-making dilemma between pull and push action. The experimental findings of our mechanism and its comparative assessment with other methods found in the literature showcase the achieved optimal decisions with respect to certain cost-based objective functions over dynamic service demand rates.

Analysis of Coastal Management in Ecuador

Ecuador is one of the countries that, despite having a considerable extension of marine coast, still presents a deficiency in the elements that should be part of a legal framework for Integrated Coastal Management. In this article, the situation of coastal management in Ecuador is highlighted, for this reason, a compilation of information was carried out regarding the public policies implemented by the government, the regulations decreed, the powers for the domains at different levels. of government, institutions, instruments such as Plans and Programs, the training or preparation of professionals in relation to the ICM, economic resources, knowledge and information, education for sustainability and the participation of those involved in Integrated Coastal Management issues. Keywords: Integrated Coastal Management, management, public policies, coastal zone.

Analysis of Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) of Panama

The following document addresses the current situation of coastal management in Panama, using the “Decalogue” proposed by Barragán (2001 and 2004) as a framework to assess coastal management. This Decalogue encompasses key aspects such as policy, regulations, competencies, institutions, tools, training and education, resources, knowledge and information, sustainability education, and participation. Prior to the implementation of Panama’s National Ocean Policy in 2022, challenges were observed in these aspects, including overfishing, coastal degradation, threats to biodiversity, marine pollution, and other issues. Adherence to international agreements and the enactment of policies like the National Ocean Policy have strengthened regulations and promoted participation and knowledge generation in coastal management. As Panama strives to achieve its goals of marine conservation and sustainable development, increased training and education are anticipated, along with a focus on ocean culture and collaboration among entities and stakeholders. Keywords: Coastal management, National Ocean Policy, ICZM Decalogue, Panama, coastal sustainability, marine conservation.

Evaluation and associated factors of public health emergency management among medical college students in a city in Southwest China: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundColleges and universities face an increased risk of public health emergencies. Among them, medical colleges and universities deserve more attention as they serve as the play a fundamental role in providing public health emergency services and in cultivating medical professionals. Effectively managing infectious disease prevention and control, as well as responding to public health emergencies in medical colleges and universities, is of great importance for enhancing the capacity of social emergency governance and improving the completeness of the public health system. This study aims to understand the management of public health emergencies in medical colleges in a city in southwest China, explore the factors associated with medical college students’ evaluations, and provide recommendations for emergency management mechanisms in colleges and universities.MethodsIn total, 781 medical college students were selected through stratified random sampling and surveyed using a questionnaire. The main factors affecting students’ evaluation of emergency management were analyzed using multiple linear regression and structural equation modeling.ResultsThe overall emergency management situation in medical colleges was relatively complete, with satisfactory results. Medical college students’ satisfaction with the timeliness of prevention measures was the highest, while the publicity and education were the lowest. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that grades, emergency education, -simulation training, -information reporting, and dynamic adjustment measures were associated with the evaluation of emergency management by medical students.ConclusionsAlthough the evaluation of emergency management in medical colleges was generally positive, certain limitations still existed. To improve the development of the public health system, colleges and universities should constantly reform and innovate emergency management mechanisms according to the important links in the prevention and control processes.

Structural and morphological organization of dry valley of the Cretaceous south of the Central Chernozem Region

The peculiarities of origin, morphological and genetic varieties and structural and dynamic interrelations of dry valley landscapes of the Cretaceous south of the Central Chernozem Region are considered. Modern ideas about genesis, morphology, development and landscape structure of sukhodols are presented. Paradynamic interrelations of structural elements of basin landscape systems are emphasized. The necessity of taking into account landscape specificity of dry lands when solving the problems of nature management and optimization of landscape-ecological situation in the Cretaceous south of the Central Chernozem Region is emphasized. As an example, we analyzed the component, territorial and altitudinal organization of natural complexes of a large sukhodols of the Kuvshin dry valley located in the Podgorensky district of the Voronezh Region. The main factors of landscape differentiation are established, among which are peculiarities of morpholithogenic base, character of biostrom development, modern economic use. The problems of identification of local landscape boundaries and approaches to their solution have been noted. Based on the results of the research, 7 families and 45 species of landtypes, as well as altitudinal landscape layers and sub-layers were identified within the valley. Recommendations on changing the conservation status of the territory are given.

Exploring the Innovative Strategies of Chinese Enterprises' Economic Management under the New Situation

With the development and progress of the economy, Chinese enterprises have been vigorously developed in recent years. In the process, the booming economy has brought many new opportunities, and put forward many challenges to Chinese enterprises, which promotes the significant increase in the scale of business and the number of operating funds and has a good significance for the construction of economic development. In this process, in order to effectively help enterprises to realize the effective avoidance of financial risks and proper response, enterprise managers should pay attention to do a good job for the attention and review of enterprise economic management issues. In the article, the author combined with the policy for the new situation of China's enterprise economic management of the necessity and innovation strategy for analysis and combing, which effectively promotes the diversified development of enterprise research mode, and then promotes the enterprise management work comprehensive authorization to continue to enhance the strengthening.

STUDY OF THE STATE AND PROBLEMS OF BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN THE UKRAINIAN ECONOMY DURING THE WAR

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to assess the current state of domestic business in the conditions of full-scale Russian armed aggression against Ukraine, to identify the main problems and difficulties faced by business entities during the war, as well as to outline guidelines for solving these problems in order to promote the sustainable development of national entrepreneurship. Methodology of research. The following general scientific methods of scientific research were applied in the process of research, as observation, comparison, generalization, etc. The methods of critical analysis of research results presented in the publications of scientists and expert practitioners, reviews of the latest news, systematization, typology, and analytical processing of statistical data of various international and national institutions were used to select and present the most visible indicators that verify the conclusions made through verbal and discursive considerations. Findings. Based on the analysis of statistical data, it was established that the economic situation in the country is extremely difficult and even critical. It was established that the management of Ukrainian enterprises does not have sufficient training and skills in the field of business management in such difficult operating conditions. It was proven that in risky and dangerous situations, managers cannot act according to old dogmatic rules, but are forced to use increased creativity and ingenuity. It was determined that for a thorough study of the current state of business in Ukraine, there is a critical lack of a statistical database on the development of entrepreneurship under martial law, and most importantly, no effective management models of business entities were developed in an environment of increased volatility of the business environment and variable determinants of its impact. The current state and needs of Ukrainian business were identified in order to develop a set of anti-crisis recommendations aimed at its stabilization and renovation in wartime conditions. Originality. Based on a thorough analysis, the article summarizes, systematizes, and specifies existing problems and obstacles for the functioning of domestic business in conditions of full-scale armed aggression. On the basis of this, a set of interrelated measures was developed, the implementation of which will contribute to the improvement of the business environment and the development of entrepreneurship in Ukraine. It is substantiated that the effectiveness of the practical implementation of the mentioned recommendations will depend on the joint efforts of entrepreneurs, the state, the public and international partners. Practical value. The provided relevant information about the peculiarities of starting and running a business in the conditions of modern challenges and threats and its effective management in crisis situations arising as a result of war can be used by interested domestic state institutions and organizations that implement the policy of stimulating the development of entrepreneurial activity, as well as business entities. Key words: business, entrepreneurship, war, martial law, subjects of entrepreneurial activity, relocation, business problems, support of entrepreneurial activity.

Managerierea situațiilor conflictuale la nivelul clasei de elevi din învățământul primar

This article presents the management and management of conflict situations, which constitute some of the hardest tests of ability and professional ethics, given that a conflict situation has implications both on the com- munication channels and on the environment in which the participants evolve. The issue of educational manage- ment has a special significance in the context of modern society, made up of a set of organizations that regulate or facilitate almost all aspects of human existence. In this context, the idea is increasingly accepted that the school must be analyzed as a complex type of organization, a system with a set of its own objectives, with a certain distribution of power and authority, with specific functions and responsibilities, made up of necessary integrated parts which enable it to function in an attempt to achieve its objectives.

Incidence and Management of Complex Kidney Situations Among On-demand and Daily HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Users.

Background: We evaluated complex pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) situations linked to kidney issues in a cohort of on-demand and daily PrEP users. Setting: We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study in France including all PrEP users who received a tenofovir disoproxil (TD)—emtricitabine (FTC) prescription between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2019 with at least 1 creatinine measurement available before and after PrEP initiation. Methods: A complex kidney situation (CKS) was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/minute/1.73m2 on 2 consecutive measurements. We estimated the incidence of this event, described case management, and identified associated factors using a Cox model. Results: Three thousand one hundred and fourteen individuals were included in this study. Almost all were men (99%) with a median age of 35 years, 25% had an eGFR <90 mL/minute/1.73m2 at baseline, and 65% used on-demand PrEP. Nine users (0.29%) had a CKS at baseline; 8/9 initiated on-demand PrEP without renal function worsening after a median (interquartile range [IQR]) follow-up time of 14 months (7–31). Thirteen cases of CKS occurred during the follow-up for a 0.25 per 100 person-years incidence (95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.14; 0.45]). On-demand PrEP was used in 7/13 participants with no further episode of confirmed eGFR <60 mL/minute/1.73m2 after a 17-month median follow-up (IQR 4–18). CKS was associated with an age ≥50 years (hazard ratio [HR] 13, 95% CI: [4–39]) or with a baseline eGFR <90 mL/minute/1.73m2 (HR 34, 95% CI: [4–261]). 9/22 CKS were linked to high-protein intake for weight training. Conclusions: CKS were rare in our cohort. On-demand PrEP did not result in subsequent renal function worsening in these few situations.

Malignancy-associated ischemic stroke: Implications for diagnostic and therapeutic workup.

Patients with malignancies have an increased risk of suffering ischemic stroke via several mechanisms such as coagulation dysfunction and other malignancy-related effects as well as iatrogenic causes. Moreover, stroke can be the first sign of an occult malignancy, termed as malignancy-associated ischemic stroke (MAS). Therefore, timely diagnostic assessment and targeted management of this complex clinical situation are critical. Patients with both stroke and malignancy have atypical ages, risk factors, and often exhibit malignancy-related symptoms and multiple lesions on neuroimaging. New biomarkers such as eicosapentaenoic acid and blood mRNA profiles may help in distinguishing MAS from other strokes. In terms of treatment, malignancy should not be considered a contraindication, given comparable rates of recanalization and complications between stroke patients with or without malignancies. In this review, we summarize the latest developments in diagnosing and managing MAS, especially stroke with occult malignancies, and provide new recommendations from recently emerged clinical evidence for diagnostic and therapeutic workup strategies.

Ultrasound principles and instrumentation

Ultrasound (US) is a fundamental and inexpensive tool both for the prompt diagnosis and for the study of diverse medical conditions. Its widespread use is partly due to the availability of US devices in the daily practice of physicians. US can be performed in real-time and is instrumental in the generation of clinical algorithms for the management of situations like trauma. It also constitutes a primary approach for the study of oncological diseases, and a guidance tool for interventions such as percutaneous drainages. In addition, and specifically for HPB surgeons, US is an essential tool in the operating room: intraoperative (either open or laparoscopic) US is necessary for the accurate determination of the stage, location, number, and margins of tumors within the liver, pancreas, or biliary tree. On another note, reading and understanding US images are skills that require time and training, which should be taught during surgical residencies. However, this is not customary in most residencies globally. This chapter offers a concise yet comprehensive elucidation of the basic principles of ultrasonography, the instruments required to perform an ultrasonic assessment of a patient, and the basic ultrasound controls.