Situation In Spain Research Articles

Caso de estudio sobre igualdad de género en el contexto de la Formación Profesional

This study aims to evaluate the reality over gender equality within a Vocational Education Training (VET) context, by analyzing the current situation in Spain, by means of interpreting a case of study carried out in a local Spanish high school.The obtained data will be assessed taking into account the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), within the 2030 horizon, held by UNESCO. The current study has been focused towards both 4 and 5 SDG, named as quality education and gender equality, respectively. Above this, the real concern relies on the elimination of gender disparities in this educational framework, that will certainly preserve into lifework. This research has been theoretically based on gender imbalance proof and empirically supported by a poll asked by VET teachers from a high school in Catalonia (Spain). The items of the survey are focused on the disparity issues which lead to this current situation. The findings of the survey embrace the fact that gender clichés notably exist in our present society, and as a result, in our schools. VET lecturers and high schools are essential to amend this handicap. The hereafter lines mean to be based on merge gender competences as much as promote a more likely gender-sensitive atmosphere.

Análisis de la presencia de mujeres en el consejo de administración y en la alta dirección en el periodo 2015-2017 en las empresas cotizadas en la Bolsa española

La presencia de la mujer en los máximos órganos de administración y dirección de las empresas se ha constatado, en numerosos estudios realizados en distintos países, que es baja. En este trabajo se analiza en el período de 2015 a 2017 la situación en España. Los resultados muestran que la presencia de las féminas ha aumentado en el consejo de administración y en la alta dirección de las empresas que cotizan en la Bolsa española, siendo el incremento mayor en el primero que en el segundo. Sin embargo, todavía hay compañías que no tienen presencia femenina en ninguno de estos dos órganos.

Evaluation of the potential incidence of COVID-19 and effectiveness of containment measures in Spain: a data-driven approach

BackgroundWe are currently experiencing an unprecedented challenge, managing and containing an outbreak of a new coronavirus disease known as COVID-19. While China—where the outbreak started—seems to have been able to contain the growth of the epidemic, different outbreaks are nowadays present in multiple countries. Nonetheless, authorities have taken action and implemented containment measures, even if not everything is known.MethodsTo facilitate this task, we have studied the effect of different containment strategies that can be put into effect. Our work referred initially to the situation in Spain as of February 28, 2020, where a few dozens of cases had been detected, but has been updated to match the current situation as of 13 April. We implemented an SEIR metapopulation model that allows tracing explicitly the spatial spread of the disease through data-driven stochastic simulations.ResultsOur results are in line with the most recent recommendations from the World Health Organization, namely, that the best strategy is the early detection and isolation of individuals with symptoms, followed by interventions and public recommendations aimed at reducing the transmissibility of the disease, which, although might not be sufficient for disease eradication, would produce as a second order effect a delay of several days in the raise of the number of infected cases.ConclusionsMany quantitative aspects of the natural history of the disease are still unknown, such as the amount of possible asymptomatic spreading or the role of age in both the susceptibility and mortality of the disease. However, preparedness plans and mitigation interventions should be ready for quick and efficacious deployment globally. The scenarios evaluated here through data-driven simulations indicate that measures aimed at reducing individuals’ flow are much less effective than others intended for early case identification and isolation. Therefore, resources should be directed towards detecting as many and as fast as possible the new cases and isolate them.

Desgaste profesional o burnout en los residentes de Cirugía General. Encuesta de la Asociación Española de Cirujanos

IntroductionPhysicians, especially surgeons, are significatively affected by burnout. Duty-hour violation, as well as discrimination, abuse and sexual harassment may contribute to burnout. A study about this topic has been published in residents from United States, demonstrating a high incidence of burnout. Our objective is to know which is the situation in Spain and to compare it with United States. MethodsCross-sectional observational study carried out in January-February 2020, based on the responses to a validated survey administered to General Surgery residents in Spain. ResultsThere are 931 General Surgery Residents. 739 have entered in the survey and 452 (61.2%) eventually responded to it. In any occasion during the training period, 55.1% reported discrimination based on their gender, 8.8% reported racial discrimination, 73.9% reported verbal/psychological abuse, 7.1% reported physical abuse and 16.4% reported sexual harassment. Attending surgeons are the most frequent source of sexual harassment and physical and verbal abuse, whereas patients are the most frequent cause of gender discrimination. Burnout symptoms were reported by 47.6% of residents and 4.6% reported suicidal thoughts. 98% of residents reported duty-hour violations and 47% of them do not have the day off after to be on call. Both of these issues are burnout predictive factors. ConclusionsMistreatment (discrimination, abuse and harassment) occurs among General Surgery residents during their training period in our country. Every kind of mistreatment is more frequent in Spain than in the United States, with the exception of racial discrimination. It is associated with exceeding weekly duty-hour. It is necessary to know these problems and to avoid them in order to improve work environment of General Surgery training period.

The consequences of state non-recognition: the cases of Spain and Kosovo

ABSTRACT The principle objective will be to explain the reasons behind a non-recognition of the statehood of Kosovo. This situation has led to international sanctions on Kosovo that prevent the maintenance of regular relations with some key actors on the world stage, as well as the threatening possible accession to European Union. Our premise is that some non-recognizing EU member states have adopted a new understanding of what constitutes ‘nationhood’ since a more pragmatic approach taken in the early 90s. Spain has been chosen as a case study, both due to its failure to recognize Kosovo, but also due to its hardening position, which has become even more extreme than that of Cyprus. We will assess the extent to which the domestic situation in Spain has affected actions taken in regard to Kosovo. This relationship will be shown by looking at the political discourse since 2007, covering the months before the Kosovo Unilateral of Declaration Independence (UDI), to the events of the Bulgarian Presidency of the EU in the first semester of 2018. Parliamentary debates, official documents and press conferences will be analysed as the main sources of information, together with interviews being held between Spanish and Kosovar officials between 2014 and 2018.

Nursing Students' Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Medical Marijuana: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study.

Marijuana use for medical purposes dates back to ancient times. Despite its high therapeutic potential, its adverse effects have raised important legal restrictions. However, this situation in Spain may soon undergo significant changes, without anyone so far having studied the knowledge and/or the level of acceptance of medical marijuana by future healthcare professionals. The aim of the present study was to determine nursing students’ knowledge of and attitudes towards medical marijuana. A cross-sectional design was used. A total of 578 nursing students from the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain), ≥18 years old and of both sexes, were invited to complete the Spanish version of the questionnaire “Medical Marijuana” between January and May 2019. A total of 364 students decided to participate in the study. More than 75% of the students agreed with the legalization of medical marijuana, although their knowledge and confidence levels regarding efficacy, safety and drug interactions of medical marijuana were low. Nursing students showed a clear lack of knowledge about medical marijuana and thus, in light of possible regulatory changes, it would be necessary to strengthen the training of nurses with respect to medical marijuana in order to make responsible use of it.

The Role of Emotional Intelligence and Sociocultural Adjustment on Migrants' Self-reported Mental Well-Being in Spain: A 14 Month Follow-Up Study.

The analysis of mental and psychological health is a relevant public issue in modern societies. Migration is a process that may have a lasting impact on a person’s mental well-being. In this study, perceived health, emotional intelligence, sociocultural adjustment and the participants’ perceived general situation, not only economical, were analyzed to attest their impact on psychological distress as a measure of mental well-being. Sixty-three migrants from Romania and Ecuador were contacted twice during a 14 month period in a middle-sized Spanish city. Attrition analyses show no significant differences in perceived psychological distress between those who participated only one time or who participated in both waves. Less psychological distress is related to less attention to one’s feelings and higher mood repair in both data waves. Stronger behavioral adjustment is also linked to less distress. Less distress in time 1 led to better perceived health, sociocultural adjustment and a perception of a better general situation in Spain in comparison to their home country in time 2. In general, more attention to negative feelings triggered more perceived psychological distress, whereas mood repair elicited less psychological distress, in time 2. The relevance of understanding the impact of emotional intelligence to health promotion programs with migrants is discussed.

The Baskerville's dog suddenly started barking: voting for VOX in the 2019 Spanish general elections

ABSTRACT The electoral success of the new populist radical right-wing party, VOX, which achieved an unprecedent electoral result in the Spanish general elections of April 2019, brought an end to Spain's exceptional status as a country free of the radical right. This article asks: who votes for VOX? Empirically, we present the first assessment of electoral support for VOX at the national level. Relying on national post-electoral survey data, our results show that the electoral profile of VOX's supporters differs from that of populist radical right-wing parties from the rest of Europe. Support for VOX, much like the voters of their European contemporaries, tends to be markedly higher amongst males; economic status, however, has the reverse effect than that observed elsewhere on the continent, with individuals on the higher end of the income distribution more likely to have voted for VOX in the April 2019 general elections. Importantly, we establish that national identity plays a large role in explaining support for the new radical right-wing challenger and that the effect of identity is conditioned by negative evaluations of the political situation in Spain.

Management of chronic liver disease-associated severe thrombocytopenia in Spain: a view from the experts.

chronic liver disease (CLD) patients often present thrombocytopenia (TCP) and when severe, it may prevent them from undergoing necessary invasive procedures due to an increased bleeding risk. The lack of scientific evidence makes it impossible to determine key aspects of the current management and associated healthcare burden of these patients in Spain. to gain insight into the current situation of patients with CLD-associated severe TCP undergoing invasive procedures in Spain, based on the experience of clinical experts. national Delphi study involving 32 medical experts. the estimated prevalence of CLD-associated severe TCP is approximately 5,967, with an annual incidence of 1,148 new patients. Patients undergo a median of 1 (0-3) invasive procedures/year. Platelet transfusions (PTs) are the standard option to raise platelet counts and are associated with significant burden. The achievement of target platelet levels (≥ 50 x 109/l) after a transfusion is not routinely measured. The lack of effectiveness and short life span of transfused platelets can lead to procedure cancellations and bleeding events, which potentially affect patient outcomes. Adverse events occur in 1-25 % of patients, including mild (febrile and allergic reactions) and severe events (e.g., transfusion-related acute lung injury). Between 5-15 % of patients are unfit to receive PTs and approximately 3 % are treated off-label with thrombopoietin receptor agonists. this study provides a snapshot of the current situation in Spain, highlighting that the current management is poorly standardized and suboptimal in some cases. The results suggest the benefit of developing a consensus document to address some of these shortcomings and to advance in the search for alternatives to PTs.

Projection of the migration crisis in Europe on the political situation in Spain

The article analyzes the consequences of the 2014-2016 migration crisis in Spain. Today the migration crisis in Europe is far from being resolved. Every day hundreds of people from Africa, Asia and America move here hoping for a better life. The Mediterranean route used by migrants passes through Spain. The country has faced a record increase in migration flows from African countries and has found itself in a difficult situation. On the one hand, the state protects migrants’ rights; on the other hand, the refugee influx and a sharp increase in the level of illegal migration have become destabilizing and dangerous factors in the country’s politics. Consequently, the European migration crisis affects the country’s political life and causes divisions and confrontations between various political parties and resentment among the native population. The authors make an attempt to show the political consequences of the migration collapse in Spain.

Universal male suffrage and the political regeneration in Spain and France (1868-1871)

Throughout the 19 th century, the establishment and the consolidation of universal male suffrage was a slow and difficult process. It was instituted in several nations where revolutions and/or wars had created a need for it. This was the case in Spain and in France where, between 1868 and 1871, a change in the political regime led to the introduction of legislative elections. In this context, universal suffrage, together with certain other rights, was considered a basic element for political regeneration. Thus, the initiatives taken by the political parties that were fighting for seats, the reaction of the media, the citizens confronted with the announcement of elections, and the attitude of the Government constituted a novel political environment. By comparing the situation in Spain and France, this paper explores how the different political cultures—liberal, republican, legitimist—shaped the profiles of the political representatives. Elements both of continuity and change in Spanish and French politics may be detected behind the personalities of those who were standing for parliament after the respective failures of Isabel II and Napoleon III. For the purposes of this discussion we have focused on two elements: the mechanisms used to set up the candidatures, and the speeches the candidates made to win the votes of the electors. By way of reference material, I make use of historiography, contemporary newspapers and publications.

Educational Needs of Spanish Youths at Risk of Social Exclusion: Future Challenges before School Failure

This paper addresses the strengths, needs and future challenges posed by the current training and education of youths at risk of social exclusion, focusing on those youths who are at risk of dropping out of school and have problems accessing the labour market. Its objectives are: to characterize, from a professional perspective, the education and training needs of young people who find themselves in situations of exclusion; identify strengths in current education and training activities available to young people, and; establish a resource bank for possible future challenges raised by professionals in this field to improve >the current situation. For this, we conducted an exploratory pilot research study that involved 34 experienced professional experts that was focused on describing the current situation in Spain in the field of education and training of youths at risk of droppingout of school or exclusion. This study concludes that the creation and consolidation of coordinated networks between the public administration, the private sector and social entities is a challenge that must be addressed within this field. Likewise, developing sustainable and inclusive training activities for young people involves creating more flexible, individualized and personalized training itineraries that address not only basic training but also transversal competences.

Hildreth Meière: Connections to Spain Before and During the Spanish Civil War


 
 
 
 The prestigious American Art Deco artist Hildreth Meière provided humanitarian assistance to the victims of the Spanish Civil War and in the Second World War. Acting as the vice-president of the American Spanish Relief Fund created in 1937 and run by P. Francis X. Talbot, S. J. with the goal of helping people affected by the war in the Franco zone, and to also deliver medicine and medical supplies from the United States through diplomatic channels. She visited Spain in 1925, 1938 and 1961. On the first trip she came to see the works of Spanish painters and made contact with important aristocratic families of the time (the Duke of Sotomayor, the Marquises of La Romana and Arcos, the Duchess of Vistahermosa, etc.). In 1938 she started humanitarian aid, collecting money and donations from New York society for orphans of the civil war and acted as a propaganda distributor for the Francoist cause in the United States. On this occasion she met with people familiar with the situation in Spain to solve the problems of humanitarian aid: Luis Bolín, Pablo Merry del Val, Cardenal Gomá, Carmen de Icaza, and Mercedes Sanz Bachiller. Meière actively participated in providing humanitarian aid in the Franco zone during the years of the civil war while also acting as a staunch supporter of the Francoist cause. After the civil war she continued her collaboration to alleviate aid deficiencies in Spain by facilitating the transport of anesthetics, medicines, surgical materials, etc, but her perspective towards Francoism was changing and gradually her ties to Spain weakened. It was only three years before her death in 1961 that she made one last trip to Spain.
 
 
 

Artistas españolas y su actividad económica: trabajo precario en tiempos de crisis. Análisis y comparativa a partir de un estudio global

Este artículo describe la actividad profesional y económica de las artistas españolas, a partir de los resultados obtenidos en el estudio realizado por los autores a nivel nacional con datos provistos por más de 1,100 artistas. Es el primer análisis en profundidad sobre el sector de artistas plásticas/os y visuales en España, su actividad profesional y circunstancias económicas y laborales, su relación con agentes del mercado del arte y la evolución histórica de las últimas décadas. Se ha segmentado el colectivo de mujeres artistas, 52% del total, y se han contextualizado y analizado sus circunstancias en comparación con las de los hombres y con los datos globales, dentro de la actual coyuntura económica española. Además de ofrecer aspectos generales de la actividad artística de las mujeres en España y su relación con el mercado, se aportan datos que reafirman nuestra hipótesis sobre el grado de precariedad y desigualdad que sufren las artistas españolas, agravada por su menor visibilidad en el sistema del arte.

Value Dominants of Basque Mentality in the Contemporary Media in Spain

The article discusses and interprets the Basque mentality values and their evidence in the contemporary political discourse and media. An important task of communication science and medialinguistics is the study of pragma-linguistic properties of media texts and their impact on the audience. The contemporary Spanish media feature an impressive range of sources representing and interpreting the multicultural and multi-ethnic situation in Spain, as well as ongoing socio-political and socio-economic changes. Together with the Spanish language being the official state language, the Catalan, the Galician and the Basque have been established co-official languages by the Spanish Constitution. Basque Autonomous Community, or the Basque Country, is one of the most prosperous and steadily developing Autonomous Communities of Spain, which affects the socio-political situation in the region and the discourse of political parties. A vast majority of Basque people are bilingual. The hypothesis of this study states that the contemporary reality of the Basque Country finds its reflection in value dominants of the discourse of political parties of the Basque Country. This discourse is objectified by the Mass Media rhetoric, studying which the authors determine and discuss the value dominants of Basque linguistic culture, their linguo-pragmatic features and their use in the media language, as well as their lexical, semantic, morphological and syntactic features. All this builds up the topicality of the research into pragma-linguistic parameters of media texts and mechanisms of their impact on the audience. The authors infer that the media rhetoric includes onomastic dominants (naming units of Spanish Basque Country and French Basque Country and their paraphrases, of Spain, Basque people, and the Basque language), and keywords of the Basque mentality introduced into a Spanish text in Basque. Moreover, being integral components of the discourse of political parties in the Basque Country, these linguistic means acquire and realize their cultural and symbolic potential, and reflect the mentality, values, and traditions of Basques in the modern Basque and Spanish media.

Catalina de Lancaster y Leonor López de Córdoba en la novela decimonónica española: Doce años de regencia (1863), de Narciso Blanch e Illa

Narciso Blanch e Illa publica, en 1863, una novela histórica protagonizada por Catalina de Lancaster, regente de Castilla (1406-1418), y por su valida Leonor López de Córdoba. Se trata de una obra muy bien documentada, que sigue al pie de la letra los episodios de la regencia referidos por la historiografía medieval disponible en el siglo XIX, a la que se suma una intriga romancesca atractiva y bien trabada con la trama histórica. El resultado es un texto de contenido político que, como su autor, busca en el ideario carlista respuestas a la convulsa situación de España en vísperas de la revolución del 68.

Perceived Parenting Styles and Adjustment during Emerging Adulthood: A Cross-National Perspective.

The aim of the present study is to determine whether the influence of parenting style on children’s wellbeing is sustained during emerging adulthood. This is a stage in which young people, despite feeling themselves to be adults, often remain in the family home and continue to be financially dependent on their parents. Moreover, since parents’ beliefs, attitudes and behaviors are constructed and interpreted within their cultural milieu, the study also aims to explore the situation in Spain (SP) and Portugal (PT). Those two Southern Europe countries are representative of what is known as the “family welfare regime”, in which the family acts as the main provider of care and security not only during childhood, but also during emerging adulthood. Thus, the present study examines, from a cross-cultural perspective, the relationship between perceived parenting styles and psychological adjustment among a sample of 1047 emerging adults from Spain and Portugal. The results reveal that the most beneficial styles during this stage are the authoritative and permissive ones, with the authoritarian style being more closely related to psychological distress. The study highlights intercultural similarities and the positive role played by more symmetrical relationships in the adjustment of emerging adults in both countries.

Influence of input streams on the construction and demolition waste (CDW) recycling performance of basic and advanced treatment plants

Abstract The most common method of handling construction and demolition waste (CDW) is recycling; this produces recycled aggregates that can replace natural aggregates in various applications while offering social, economic, and environmental benefits. However, from technological, environmental, and management perspectives, CDW recycling faces complicated issues that require resolution. This study proposes a methodology for investigating the influence of segregation and heterogeneity of the inlet CDW stream, and the technological level of the recycling facilities, on the quantity and composition of aggregated product streams. Four different scenarios with the combination of two different segregation levels and two homogeneity grades of CDW were developed; two recycling plants of different technological levels, basic and advanced, were used to treat the CDW in these scenarios. The two segregation levels represent the actual situation and the future situation in Spain; the two homogeneity levels represent the mixing of different types of waste due to the contamination of the fractions. The results obtained indicate that under low segregation levels, basic recycling plants can reach the minimum target of non-hazardous CDW resource recovery set at 70% before 2021 by the European Union, as backfilling is permitted. However, high segregation levels and advanced CDW recycling plants are required if backfilling is excluded since the recycling percentage is much lower than the resource recovery percentage.

La observación como transgresión. La obra de Luisa Carnés

The recent interest for the Madrid author Luisa Carnes has motivated a series of studies about her life, but she has not been given the due recognition through the critical analysis of her literary work-—not only situating her active role in the historical process that she lived through, but also valuing her as what she indeed was: a novelist. It is precisely the purpose of this study to show the literary characteristics of an author like Carnes, around a key concept that stands out above any other in her narrative: the critical observation of her reality as a transgressive element, in light of the evolution of her literary production. My objective is to prove how Luisa Carnes reported the situation in Spain at the beginning of 20th century, and, more specifically, the situation of women, through pure observation.

Análisis del panorama metodológico interdisciplinar en Educación Infantil para el fomento de la lectura

The various international studies conducted about Reading competence highlight the keen interest that the educational community has in promoting reading; nevertheless, the results obtained have brought to light a discouraging situation in Spain in regard to the rest of the countries evaluated. Moreover, the data collected in various surveys and measures associated with Spanish cultural practices connect the consolidation of the reading habits of individuals with their training and cultural concerns. Therefore, being aware of the importance of education since its inception and the globalizing nature that must prevail in it, the present research aims to study the didactic possibilities offered by a literarymusical methodological approach in Pre-school Education, in order to pursue a consequent Reading motivation in successive educational stages. A mixed methodology is used in this research study, combining a non-experimental design of a quantitative nature, concretized in a survey-type study and an interpretative-phenomenological design of a qualitative nature. 26 Pre-school students, 26 families of students and 213 teachers participated in the study. By means of various instruments and techniques, methodological triangulation was sought: two questionnaires for Pre-school teachers and the families of the students (data analyzed with the SPSS V19 program) and direct observation of the teaching sessions (information analyzed with the program ATLAS.ti V6.2.28). Finally, the results obtained show from different perspectives the depth of the reality studied and point out the opportunity to promote interdisciplinary literary-musical methodological approaches, related to a connected and integrated learning already explicit in the curriculum of Pre-school Education, and focused on the improvement of the curricular designs of the later educational stages.