Interaction Situations Research Articles

Embodied constructions

Abstract In Ancient Greek two-place verbs can take three different argument structure constructions, with nominative first arguments and either accusative or genitive or dative second arguments. While the accusative is the default case across all verb classes, the genitive indicates low agentivity of the first participant and low affectedness of the second, and the dative is especially frequent with social interaction verbs. The paper focuses on constructional patterns and construction variation with experiential verbs. Referring to data from experimental psychology, I argue that the distribution of constructions with either accusative or genitive second arguments reflects physical embodiment based on narrow vs. broad attention focus, as also indicated by constructional patterns of perception verbs. Emotion verbs that take the dative indicate potentially interactive situations, including those that involve social judgment, thus conforming to the pattern of interaction verbs and reflecting social embodiment.

INTERACTIVE PRACTICES BETWEEN PEERS AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF ORTHOGRAPHIC KNOWLEDGE

This article reports on one of the axes of a research project developed by the author at the doctoral level, entitled “Learning spelling from the perspective of interactive practices”. Considering that learning written language, in addition to discursive reflection, depends on the elaboration of notational aspects, and that classroom interaction affects this process, this article has as its object of study the learning of spelling, contemplating the progression of this acquisition by students, from the perspective of interaction between peers. Using the theoretical framework of psychogenetic and historical-cultural studies (the conception of children as active subjects and protagonists of learning; language as a social practice; and learning as the construction of the individual in relation to lived experiences), the article assumes the objective of analyzing how interactive practices between peers can generate different possibilities for reflection, especially with regard to learning spelling. To this end, the longitudinal case study, conducted with students from a private school in Santos/SP, covered five stages between the 2nd and 4th grades of Elementary School, a period in which learning conventional writing becomes one of the main focuses of reflection for children. Data collection was carried out based on the writing of word dictations and rewriting of texts, considering both the process and the product of these activities. The data demonstrated that, in the interactions between students, there were different degrees of reflection based on situations of conflict, situations in which one student centralized the referrals, and situations of agreements based on linguistic criteria or social agreements. Based on the understanding of spelling learning and the potential of interactive situations in this process, it was possible to glimpse pedagogical implications that suggest the revision of teaching practices.

The role of social interaction in farmers’ water-saving irrigation technology adoption: testing farmers’ interaction mechanisms

In rural areas, neighborly relationships are complex, and farmers’ behaviors are largely influenced by neighborly interactions. The promotion of agricultural technologies should not overlook the social interactions between farmers. Based on survey data from farmers in Minqin, China, this paper explores the role of overall social interaction and its various dimensions in farmers’ adoption of water-saving irrigation technology, focusing on the testing of three interactive mechanisms during the technology adoption process. The goal is to provide scientific policy suggestions for government when promoting agricultural technologies. The results show the following: social interaction promotes the adoption of water-saving irrigation technology among farmers; among the four dimensions of social interaction, the depth and frequency of social interaction facilitate the adoption of these technologies; social interaction promotes technology adoption through endogenous interaction mechanism, situational interaction mechanism, and social norm mechanism, with situational interaction mechanism and social norm mechanism playing a more significant role; social interaction has a stronger impact on farmers with longer farming experience and higher irrigation costs. Therefore, the government should emphasize the important role of social interaction in the adoption of agricultural technologies and accelerate the diffusion of these technologies through fostering technical exchanges among farmers, cultivating demonstration households, and implementing differentiated promotion strategies.

Akustische Basissignale für mobile Logistik-Roboter

Abstract Increasing economic requirements and changes in the labor market are driving the use of mobile robots in intralogistics. Human-robot interaction should therefore be made more intuitive. This article presents a human subject study on the usability of innovative acoustic signals for robots in nine interaction situations, augmented by interviews with domain experts. The central finding is the necessity of dividing signal types into vehicle-like motion signals and humanizing interaction signals.

Schweigen in der videobasierten Psychotherapie Eine Pilotstudie.

In an exploratory observational study of four short-term outpatient psychodyna- mic psychotherapies, four sessions at the beginning and in the middle of each therapy were conducted as video-based psychotherapy. The number of silent events, the mean duration of silence, and the quality of the therapeutic relationship were assessed and compared between video- and face-to-face sessions. No setting effects on the number of silent events were found. However, therapy dyads differed significantly in the number of silent events that occurred. For the video-based thera- py sessions, a higher mean duration of silence was found in the middle of therapy compared to the beginning of therapy. One therapy with a depressed patient had a particularly high number of silent events. The effects of the video-based setting on silence are less pronounced than ex- pected. However, there are indications of a changed interactional situation in VBT. Silence appears to be an aspect of the interaction that is primarily dyad-specific and related to indivi- dual characteristics of the therapy process and the diagnosis.

Non players’ embodied practices of engagement in videogaming

Using technology in interaction means actively manipulating a technological device while interacting with others, but it can also refer to a situation where one person is employing a technological device in the presence of others and therefore in a potentially interactive situation. This is, for instance, the case when one acts on a screen in the presence of other physically co-present participants. Our paper deals with a particular situation of co-presence and technology use: a couple is sitting side by side on the sofa in the living room, one is playing a single-player adventure game on a large TV screen, the other is playing another game on a tablet. For about 40 years, the concept of “active spectators” developed in media sciences has highlighted the fact that spectators “do” something. But, few studies have dealt with the interactional practices used to display this “activeness”. This paper explores the construction of spectatorship with a special focus on spectating videogaming as a particular way of using technology in the sense of spectating at what is being done with a technological device. We propose a micro-analysis of the above-mentioned gaming-situation in order to show how the non-player’s engagement in the player’s gaming is co-constructed by both participants. A particular focus was placed on gaze and gaze shifts as a resource to display togetherness and potential availability.

Study on mixed traffic characteristics around highway on-ramp bottleneck using a microscopic simulation model

In the early mixed traffic environment, connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) tend to follow simple control rules for the sake of traffic safety and stability. Comprehensive analysis of overall mixed traffic performance and vehicle to vehicle interactions around highway on-ramp bottleneck is a basis for further traffic management and control. And yet CAVs in existing researches are mainly in the form of cooperative vehicular platoon, and mixed traffic scenarios within simulation software are not applicable for in-depth investigation. The purpose of this paper is to develop a microscopic simulation model to study in detail lane-based mixed traffic performance around the highway on-ramp. This model firstly considers vehicle characteristics of individual human vehicles (HVs) and CAVs by combining different microscopic traffic models. After the hypothetical on-ramp bottleneck structure is constructed, various simulation scenarios are developed under varying traffic volumes and changing market penetration rates (MPRs) of CAVs. Simulation results show that mixed traffic flow is improved in terms of congestion patterns and traffic capacity. For oscillating and nearly homogeneous congested traffic, congestion degrees are greatly reduced when CAV MPR above 30 % and 50 % respectively. Mixed traffic capacity is increased by 19.3 % when a smaller desired time gap set for CAVs, while it shows no significant change in a larger value. In the HV-HV interactions, traffic conflicts are slightly influenced by CAVs. Comparatively, conflict situations in HV-CAV interactions get worse, the proportion of time to collision (TTC) greater than 2 s monotonically declining with the rise in CAV MPR. It is concluded that traffic characteristics overall show a good momentum when MPR of CAV and the desired time gap of CAVs in mixed traffic are appropriate.

Social intelligence of cadets of the security and defence sector higher education institutions who receive higher education in the specialities of “Law” and “Psychology”

The article emphasises that for the actors of the security and defence sector, solving various communication situations is a constant and important task which can become difficult to perform if the social intelligence abilities are not sufficiently developed. A comparative analysis of the peculiarities of social intelligence abilities of higher education students of higher education institutions of the security and defence sector, who study in the specialities of “Law” and “Psychology”, was carried out. It is emphasized that the specificity of the social situation of the study participants' intellectual abilities development is due to certain features: lockdowns and quarantines of 2020–2021 with the vast majority of distance education, which were caused by the spread of the COVID-19 virus infection; martial law, which has been in force since February 2022. The senior students of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs and the Military Law Institute of Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University took part in the study. The empirical data were obtained using J. Guilford’s psychodiagnostic methodology for studying social intelligence. It has been found that the general level of social intelligence of most of the surveyed cadets corresponded to the average level. It has been shown that the general level of social intelligence of the cadets studying “Psychology” was higher than that of the cadets studying “Law”. It has been revealed that the differences in the level of social intelligence of the surveyed groups of cadets were due to a statistically significantly higher level of development of the ability to predict the consequences of the behaviour of others in typical conditions among cadets studying “Psychology” and a more developed ability to understand the logic of interaction situations and the significance of people's behaviour in these situations. It has been established that the most developed ability of social intelligence of the study participants studying in the speciality “Law” was the ability to understand the change in the meaning of similar verbal reactions of a person depending on the context of the situation that caused them. It has been argued that the specific social conditions of personality formation of higher education students in recent years have not significantly affected the level of development of their social intelligence abilities. The main directions of development of social intelligence abilities of cadets studying in different specialities are presented.

Crafting for Emotion Appropriateness in Affective Robotics: Examining the Practicality of the OCC Model

Research in affective robotics has been using emotions to improve human-robot interaction. One important aspect has been to design recognizable and believable emotions in robotics. Recent work argued that externally displayed emotions on robots may or may not be appropriate for a given situation. However, the selection of emotions as appropriate/inappropriate is not trivial. We here examine the practicality of an established model to craft for emotion appropriateness based on situations of interaction. To do so, we explored the use of the Ortony, Clore, and Collins (OCC) model, which provides a psychological framework of appraisal in which the characteristics of situations are defined and connected to emotions, to identify emotion categories and create contrasting perceptions of emotion appropriateness. We then mapped these categories to four recognizable emotions on aerial robots and designed two video clips (3min35s each) of respectively appropriate and inappropriate emotions. The clips were evaluated in an online study ( N =100) where significant differences were found in attitudes toward the robot's emotions. This paper contributes initial findings to designing for emotion appropriateness.

Analisis Kompetensi Andragogi Tutor Pendidikan Kesetaraan dalam Pembelajaran di Sanggar Kegiatan Belajar (SKB) Kota Medan

This research aims to analyze the competence of equal education tutors in the Medan City Community Learning Activity Studio (SKB). The type of research used is qualitative descriptive research. There were 3 subjects in the research, namely tutors in the equivalency program. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques are data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The validity of the research includes source triangulation and technique triangulation. The research results show that tutors have shown significant efforts in understanding the characteristics and needs of students by approaching them directly and identifying individual habits and needs. Mastery of educational principles can also be seen through the tutor's efforts to integrate educational principles in learning by creating an active and interesting class atmosphere. In terms of curriculum development, tutors collaborate with external parties to ensure the relevance and effectiveness of the curriculum according to student needs, by paying attention to basic principles such as relevance and efficiency. The learning strategies implemented, including discussion methods and the use of simple language, succeeded in increasing students' understanding. Apart from that, tutors are able to create interactive, fun and challenging learning situations. Mastery of conventional learning media is good, but use of information and communication technology (ICT) varies, with some tutors facing technical and infrastructure obstacles. Finally, assessments are carried out using various tools, both tests and non-tests, to ensure fair and objective learning outcomes.

Dynamics of following and leading: association of movement synchrony and depression severity.

Depression negatively affects interpersonal functioning and influences nonverbal behavior. Interpersonal theories of depression suggest that depressed individuals engage in behaviors that initially provoke others' support and reassurance, but eventually lead to rejection that may also be expressed nonverbally. This study investigated movement synchrony as a nonverbal indicator of support and rejection and its association with depression severity in a sample of depressed and healthy individuals. Semi-standardized diagnostic interview segments with N = 114 dyads were video recorded. Body movement was analyzed using Motion Energy Analysis, synchrony intervals were identified by computing windowed cross-lagged correlation and a peak-picking-algorithm. Depression severity was assessed via both self-rating (BDI-II) and clinician rating (HAMD). Both self-rated and clinician-rated depression severity were negatively correlated with patient-led, but not clinician-led movement synchrony measures. The more depressed patients were, the less they initiated movement synchrony with their clinicians. These correlations remained significant after controlling for gender, age, gross body movement, and psychopharmacological medication. Findings suggest that depression may negatively affect patients' active initiative in interaction situations. Automatized methods as used in this study can add valuable information in the diagnosis of depression and the assessment of associated social impairments.

THE POLITICS OF VIOLENT CONCATENATIONS

AbstractBased on three years of ethnographic fieldwork, this article examines face‐to‐face violent interactions in a high‐poverty squatter settlement in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Delving into the situational interactions and biographies of those who simultaneously exercise and suffer violence—victims and perpetrators—we illustrate in fine‐grained detail the concatenations of violence and their political dimensions. Violent concatenations are political in a twofold sense: (1) they are shaped by state (legal and illegal) interventions, and (2) they are understood by both victims and perpetrators as being caused by state actors either directly (in the form of police repression) or clandestinely (in the form of collusion with criminals).

The impact of the community's sound environment on social interactions among residents

The built environment significantly influences social interactions, which are crucial for residents, but little is known about how these interactions are affected by the community's sound environment. This study conducted sound intervention experiments in the community to investigate the impact of alterations in the sound environment on residents' social behaviours. The social interaction situations under five sound intervention conditions were recorded and evaluated from three dimensions: participation, occurrence, and depth. The results indicated that a more natural sound environment in the community leads to a higher proportion of socially interactive residents and an increased occurrence of social interactions among residents. Birdsong interventions increased paired social interactions by 16.3 % compared to traffic noise, while water sound interventions increased grouped social interactions by 16.6 % compared to the control. Compared to the frequency in the lowest group, individual prolonged pair social interactions increased by 0.26 occurrences with birdsong intervention, and prolonged group social interactions increased by 0.19 occurrences with water sounds intervention. The findings can inform community designers about the strategic use of sound to enhance the environment and promote social interactions among residents.

The joy of eating: how eating experiences enhance the well-being of older adults.

The active aging strategy has as its policy implications the health, security, and participation of older people. The joy of eating is the main goal of establishing community-based service facilities for older people, as well as a source of health and well-being and a sense of meaning in the lives of older people. Based on the theory of human-environment relations and cognitive-emotional personality systems (CAPS), the study constructed a structural equation model of the eating experience, nostalgia, place attachment, and the well-being of the older adults in the community canteens as an interactive situation, and explored the relationship between the eating experience and the well-being of older people in the community canteens through the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results of the study show that the older adults' eating experience has a significant positive effect on their well-being, and "eating" can make older adults feel happy. Older adults' eating experience has a significant effect on nostalgia, place attachment, and well-being, but nostalgia does not have a significant effect on older adults' well-being, and place attachment in the community canteens can enhance older adults' well-being. Meanwhile, the study further confirmed that place attachment plays a mediating role in the effect of eating experience on older adults' well-being. The findings of the study promote the development of the fields of healthy eating, quality of life assessment, and dietary memory management for older people to a certain extent and provide an important reference for promoting the balanced layout and effective spatial design of community service facilities for older people.

Strategies of sexual refusal in effervescent nightlife settings: A study of Spanish university students

A growing body of studies focuses on sexual harassment and violence in nightlife venues, primarily as it affects adolescent and adult women. In these settings, the boundary between flirtation and unwanted sexual attention easily blurs. This study examines how young women reject such attention. It draws on in-depth interviews with 53 Spanish undergraduates aged 18 to 25 from a Madrid public university. The findings unveil both individual strategies for sexual refusal (e.g., ignoring, distancing, lying) as well as collective strategies (e.g., using friends as mediators or protectors). The interviewed women perceived these actions as emotionally and practically challenging. These results advance the understanding of interactions in situations of collective effervescence, which may be conducive of transgression and sexual violence.

PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PEDAGOGICAL SITUATIONS OF DIFFICULT INTERACTION

Background. The relevance is due to the role of the educational environment in the formation of a culture of relationships and the need to reduce negative excesses in society. This can be ensured, among other things, during the prevention and constructive resolution of pedagogical situations of difficult interaction in the teacher-student system. Within the framework of the work, a theoretical analysis of studies of pedagogical situations of difficult interaction implemented in pedagogical communication is carried out. An empirical study was conducted aimed at identifying their manifestations and causes in the educational process of the school. Purpose. Identification of the specifics and causes of pedagogical situations of difficult interaction of subjects of the educational process in the teacher-student system. Materials and methods. The research methods included: a theoretical analysis of the results of research on the problem of difficult interaction; a written survey of 40 students – future teachers and teachers-psychologists to identify the causes and manifestations of pedagogical situations of difficult interaction in the teacher-student system. Results. The situation of difficult interaction is presented as a pre-conflict situation when the subject experiences a real (or imaginary) threat to meet his needs and expectations, has difficulty making an optimal decision about his actions, or makes a decision that turns the pre-conflict situation into a destructive conflict with negative consequences for himself and other participants in the interaction. As the survey showed, the initiators of such situations at school are both students and teachers themselves. It is necessary to increase the psychological and legal competence of the subjects of the educational process in the direction of creating conditions for the harmonization of relations and productive interaction. The presented results of theoretical and empirical research can serve as a basis for the development of a comprehensive program for the prevention and constructive resolution of pedagogical situations of difficult interaction implemented in the teacher-student system.

Peer Attachment and Self-Control: Implication on Social Anxiety in Young Adults

Peers emerge as emotionally present figures in the lives of young adults, capable of protecting them from the challenges that can cause the development of social anxiety. In the context of anxiety, self-control highlights a relevant potential, which is positively correlated with mental health and academic path. The present study aims to understand the role of peer attachment and self-control in the development of social anxiety in young adults in the university context. The sample comprised 407 young adults aged between 18 and 25 (M = 20.90; SD = 2.32). Self-report instruments were used: the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), the Scale of Anxiety and Avoidance in Performance and Social Interaction Situations (EAESDIS) and the Low Self-Control Scale. This study concludes that alienation from peers plays a positive role in anxiety and avoidance, as does short temper, with risk-taking and egocentricity negatively predicting social anxiety. The results are discussed, considering the importance of peer relationships in young university students’ adaptive processes and mental health.

The moderating effects of brain network connectivity on the relationship between individual and interactive creativity

The correlation between individuals’ creativity performances in a one-to-one interactive situation was preliminarily explored. Neuroimaging has provided many insights into the neural connectome that underlies creativity; however, the role of brain structure in individuals’ creativity performance when collaborating with others remains largely unexplored. Therefore, this study collected data from 74 single- and paired-player participants using an interactive creativity task platform, including the alternative use task (AUT) and the Chinese Radical Remote Associates Test (CRRAT). Participants’ AUT and CRRAT scores in the above two modes were collected to analyze the moderating effects of connective efficiency (CE). The results showed that the relationship between originality performance in the single- and paired-player modes was moderated by four theoretical graph measures. Specifically, in the case of a high clustering coefficient, local efficiency, global efficiency, or low characteristic path length, individual originality performance was more predictive of interactive originality. Additionally, the relationship between fluency performance in the above two modes was not moderated by CE, flexibility, or CRRAT performance. This study identified the effects of neural transmission efficiency on the relationship between creativity in the two modes. This study investigated neurocognitive factors influencing creativity performance in interactive situations.

Geography Teachers' Competence in Utilizing Learning Resources at SMA Negeri 15 Central Maluku

Education has become a crucial pillar in human civilization, ensuring the transmission of knowledge, skills, and values from one generation to the next, ensuring the continuity and progress of society. With an anticipatory and preparatory approach, ideal education prepares the younger generation to face the future with critical thinking, innovation, and adaptability to change. The utilization of learning resources in SMA Negeri 15 Maluku Tengah still needs to be improved, influenced by the lack of teacher competence in effectively utilizing various learning resources. Although teaching resources such as textbooks, digital media, and practical experiences are available, the lack of teacher skills in integrating them into teaching reduces the effectiveness of education. Enhancing teacher competence in resource utilization strategies is essential to improve the quality of education in the school. This research employs a phenomenological approach to understand the meaning of interactions in specific situations, focusing on the competence of geography teachers in utilizing learning resources in SMA Negeri 15 Maluku Tengah. This qualitative descriptive study analyzes the availability and utilization of various learning resources and their impact on learning. The results will likely provide a deep understanding of effective strategies to enhance teachers' utilization of learning resources, thereby improving the quality of education in the school. Teachers at SMA Negeri 15 Maluku Tengah utilize various learning resources in geography lessons, including conventional media and additional ones like newspapers, videos, and the internet. However, the use of digital media still needs to be improved, although they demonstrate creativity in teaching methods and adaptation to student characteristics. Further integration of digital media can enrich students' learning experiences and prepare them for the digital era.

Do patients prefer a human doctor, artificial intelligence, or a blend, and is this preference dependent on medical discipline? Empirical evidence and implications for medical practice.

Today the doctor-patient relationship typically takes place in a face-to-face setting. However, with the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, two further interaction scenarios are possible: an AI system supports the doctor's decision regarding diagnosis and/or treatment while interacting with the patient, or an AI system could even substitute the doctor and hence a patient interacts with a chatbot (i.e., a machine) alone. Against this background, we report on an online experiment in which we analyzed data from N = 1,183 people. The data was collected in German-speaking countries (Germany, Austria, Switzerland). The participants were asked to imagine they had been suffering from medical conditions of unknown origin for some time and that they were therefore visiting a health center to seek advice from a doctor. We developed descriptions of patient-doctor interactions (referred to as vignettes), thereby manipulating the patient's interaction partner: (i) human doctor, (ii) human doctor with an AI system, and (iii) an AI system only (i.e., chatbot). Furthermore, we manipulated medical discipline: (i) cardiology, (ii) orthopedics, (iii) dermatology, and (iv) psychiatry. Based on this 3 × 4 experimental within-subjects design, our results indicate that people prefer a human doctor, followed by a human doctor with an AI system, and an AI system alone came in last place. Specifically, based on these 12 hypothetical interaction situations, we found a significant main effect of a patient's interaction partner on trust, distrust, perceived privacy invasion, information disclosure, treatment adherence, and satisfaction. Moreover, perceptions of trust, distrust, and privacy invasion predicted information disclosure, treatment adherence, and satisfaction as a function of interaction partner and medical discipline. We found that the situation in psychiatry is different from the other three disciplines. Specifically, the six outcome variables differed strongly between psychiatry and the three other disciplines in the "human doctor with an AI system" condition, while this effect was not that strong in the other conditions (human doctor, chatbot). These findings have important implications for the use of AI in medical care and in the interaction between patients and their doctors.