Site Planning Research Articles

Automated site planning using CAIN-GAN model

Automated site planning, powered by deep generative methods, excels in creating solutions responsive to exiting city structures but often overlooks user-specific design scenarios, leading to less performative solutions across varied urban contexts. Overcoming this challenge requires integrating domain knowledge and nuances of the built environment to enhance context-awareness in automated site planning. This study therefore proposes the context-aware site planning generative adversarial networks (CAIN-GAN) framework. In the case study of New York City (NYC), CAIN-GAN demonstrates its capability to not only synthesize visually realistic and semantically reasonable design solutions, but also evaluate their performance in urban sustainability for informed decision-making. This context-aware, learning-based, data-driven, and user-guided generation process signifies a pivotal advancement in more performative and tailored design solutions. Future studies will focus on refining the CAIN-GAN framework to accommodate diverse user-centric design needs and enhance human-machine interaction in urban development.

Legal Protection of Housing Consumers Against Misuse of Social Facilities and Public Facilities in Makassar City

This study aims to analyze the Consumer Protection of Housing and Public Facilities and Public Facilities from developers and analyze the implementation of the various functions of the United States social facilities and public facilities umby Housing Developers in Makassar City. The method used in the study is normative juridical research; the author tries to examine several laws and regulations related to public facilities, social facilities and consumer protection. The results showed that changes in housing/settlement are very detrimental to housing consumers to get their rights. So, the Makassar City government needs to require developers to include and explain this site plan so that housing consumers are protected.

Site Plan Analysis Based on Measured and Unmeasured Criteria for Housing Development According to Investor Assessment

Site Plan Analysis Based on Measured and Unmeasured Criteria for Housing Development According to Investor Assessment

Latrobe’s Site Plan for Capitol Hill (1803): Discovering Graphic Complexity in Landscape Design and its Representation

ABSTRACT: The Library of Congress’s collection of Benjamin Henry Latrobe’s drawings contains a graphically complex topographical site plan for the US Capitol. This watercolor sheet from 1803 depicts a completed Capitol positioned on the crest of Jenkins Hill (now Capitol Hill) with its principal façades oriented towards east and west. Upon close inspection, Latrobe’s site plan communicates two systems: the hill’s existing topography and Latrobe’s design to reshape it. As a palimpsest of faintly visible layers of information, the plan reveals the city’s major avenues converging at the Capitol, illuminating how Latrobe’s design is spatially continuous with L’Enfant’s 1791 Plan of the city of Washington. Latrobe’s drawing represents a formal arrangement and design for the reshaping of Capitol Hill relative to the Capitol building itself, which was in progress, and the visionary city yet to be built. This paper will explore the systems of landscape representation that ultimately led to Latrobe’s unique way of quantifying and compiling landscape information. In the decades immediately prior to the creation of the Capitol site plan, rapid advancements in the graphic representation of scientific data included the discovery and use of contour line topography and the emergence of data visualization, also known as information graphics. As industrial, scientific, economic, and architectural advancements occurred during the eighteenth century, new ways of visualizing and communicating data, specifications, and results quickly followed. Essentially, architectural drawings themselves, including site plans, are systems of data visualization. The field note will deconstruct Latrobe’s site plan drawing using analog and digital methods and develop new drawings based on computer landform models that reveal the two systems of representation concealed in the graphically complex original. In 1959, the Capitol extension project necessitated the use of ground-penetrating radar to discover the Capitol’s topography from 1810 based on undisturbed soils. The paper will compare the accuracy of Latrobe’s original survey and drawing with the scientific results achieved in 1959.

Revitalizing the Landscape and Siteplan Design of Semoyo Herbal Edupark in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta: Enhancing for the Initial Stage of Construction Process

The development of a tourist destination necessitates collaborative efforts involving the government, local communities, and third-party entities to create a sustainable and appealing environment. The Semoyo Herbal Edupark (Hermoyo) has been initiated to be developed as a tourism destination in Yogyakarta. Consequently, a community engagement initiative and the revitalization of the landscape and site plan have been instituted to enhance progress and commence the infrastructure construction stage. Rooted in nature-based landscape architecture and local architectural expertise, this approach transcends mere visual aesthetics to cultivate environments that are sustainable, functional, and culturally significant to the resident communities. By integrating natural principles with local cultural values, landscape architecture design exemplifies profound engagement with the surrounding environment and cultural heritage, thus fostering a deeper connection between individuals and their surroundings.

Microcell Planning Analysis Using Cell Splitting Method In 4G LTE Network

As the growth of technology and telecommunication network, demands of mobile technology is also raised. The quality of the network will decrease by the insufficient number of network and cell to support the growth of user, and the scope of e-Node B is not optimal. The method of cell splitting can be used to solve the problem, this method splitting macro cell network become smaller size of cell with scoping area of each without interruption. The planning of new site as microcell implemented in area of Flamboyan Baru using XL operator. As the count gained, 1 site microcell and 2 cell with the antenna of 18,5 meters and power of 38 dBm, cell splitting method could increase network quality and improve the average number of parameter RSRP, SINR, and throughput, also proving that the implementation of cell splitting in microcell could escalate the quality of LTE network, the improvement of network quality in SINR parameter with average number of 24,23 dB with category of very good, RSRP parameter with average number of -94,28 dBm with category good, and the average number of throughput reach 63.094,91 kbps with category very good.

Research on Site Planning of Mobile Communication Network

Research on Site Planning of Mobile Communication Network

Relativizacija konflikata na području Svetske baštine UNESCO - slučaj manastira Studenica, Srbija

Conflicts in space encountered by participants in the development of spatial plans for special purpose areas of cultural or natural assets are numerous, and the most significant are between protection and development. The relativization of the conflict implies the harmonization, neutralization or minimization of mutually opposing interests and goals in that area. This paper investigates conflicts in the area of the Studenica monastery, a cultural property inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1986, as well as in the area of the cultural landscape that surrounds it. In this particular case, conflicts were identified between the protection of cultural heritage on the one hand and the development of transport infrastructure, water management and the exploitation of mineral resources on the other. The task of spatial planning, as carried out for special purpose areas, is the relativization of conflicting interests in space. This paper shows that in relation to conflicting interests in the area of a world heritage site, not everything is contingent on the creation of spatial plans of special purpose areas, but rather on their realization, monitoring and evaluation, as well as on the corresponding capacities in general. The aim of the research presented in this paper is to point out the importance of spatial planning in the relativization of conflicting interests and goals using the example of the world heritage site planning of the Studenica monastery.

GIS application in the analysis of transformations in the old core of Tiradentes/MG related to tourism exploitation in the area

This article discusses some of the possible contributions of GIS technology (Geographic Information System) to the analysis, planning and management of heritage sites, focusing mainly on the study of the effects produced in such sites by processes related to the tourism exploitation. To this end, it adopts as its object of inquiry the old core of the city of Tiradentes, in Minas Gerais, Brazil – protected by the Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional since 1938 and characterized as one of the main tourist destinations in the country today –, for which it is proposed, firstly, the construction of a digital base in the QGis software and then, based on bibliographic and documentary sources, an analysis of its historical evolution, current conformation and main ongoing processes. A comparative analyzes between the characteristics of land-use verified on the site in the years 1980, 2001 and 2017 is also carried out. As a result, besides creating such a database for the municipality, a further study of the relationships between the transformations observed in the mentioned characteristics and the increase in tourism activity in the area is provided. Considerations are also presented regarding the effects generated on the preservation of local heritage as a result of these same transformations, along with possible recommendations for the effective and sustainable management of Tiradentes' cultural heritage.

Planning for a Biodiversity Park as limited tourism area development in Seruyan Regency

Biodiversity Park (Kehati) is an area with the function of preserving local biological resources outside the forest area, especially for plants whose pollination and/or seed dispersal are assisted by wildlife, with a vegetation structure and composition that supports the sustainability of pollinators and seed dispersers. One of the efforts that can be undertaken is through sustainable planning of Kehati parks. This research focuses on the location of the Kehati park in the Asam Baru village, Danau Seluluk District, Seruyan Regency. The aim is to develop an ecological and sustainable limited tourism area that supports the conservation of biological resources in Seruyan Regency. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method with field surveys and literature reviews, including direct observations, interviews, and questionnaires. The planning stages of the Kehati park start with inventory, site analysis, followed by generating planning concepts and site plans. Based on the inventory and site analysis results, a planning concept is developed, consisting of space, circulation, vegetation, and facility concepts. The spatial concept of the Kehati park is determined by the area's functions. Circulation is designed to prioritize user convenience in accessing and engaging within the area. Vegetation planning is based on ecological and physical functions of the area, while facility planning emphasizes the grouping of facilities for each spatial function. The site plan for the Kehati park meets government regulations, with infrastructure development covering only 1.13% of the total area. The planning aims to achieve its objectives with the support of all relevant parties in the management and development of a sustainable limited tourism destination.

Analysis of noise distributions at heliports and vertiports: A guide for site selection and land use planning

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the noise profiles of helicopters and eVTOLs at heliports and vertiports in order to support site planning and the development of local land-use compatibility guidelines. Design/methodology/approach: This study used existing helicopter and eVTOL sound profiles to develop noise distribution contours for heliports and vertiports. This study collected noise data from available studies on helicopters and eVTOLs. This data was then entered into dBmap noise mapping tool to develop noise maps for helicopters and eVTOLs. Three air transit facility configurations for each aircraft category were analyzed: open (unobstructed), urban, and rooftop. Two additional vertiport configurations were created by overlaying building and noise data with Google Earth imagery. Noise data was entered into dBmap for processing. Noise contours were mapped for three configurations for both aircraft categories.Findings: Key observations from the noise distribution analysis showed that open (unobstructed) facility configurations have even noise distributions for both eVTOLs and helicopters. Noise maps for urban locations showed areas of attenuation and asymmetrical patterns due to the interactions of sound waves with surrounding buildings. An analysis of a rooftop installation of a heliport or vertiport provided some noise mitigation advantages. Noise contour distributions closely matched those outlined in previous research; however, the sound intensities modeled in this study were lower than indicated in exigent research. Assessments were also conducted for real-world sites with potential future use as vertiports in Seattle, Washington, and Chicago, Illinois.Practical Implications: This study suggests that current land use compatibility guidance may be inadequate for rotorcraft and eVTOL operations. Findings suggest the development of symmetrical noise-impact zones centered around heliports and vertiports. Examples of these zones are outlined, and recommendations for future research are provided. Local planners can use the data from this study to make educated choices about the siting of heliports and vertiports. Additionally, the findings can assist planners in the development of zoning and land use compatibility standards.Social Implications: Land use compatibility standards for heliports and vertiports will help ensure a synergistic relationship between local communities and these air transit facilities. The data from this study can also help protect individuals from excessive noise and annoyance.Originality/value: This study is one of the few on this topic and the only known research on noise distributions of helicopters and eVTOLs with a particular focus on land use compatibility

Assessment Method of Modern Buildings Constructed in a Historical Area; as a Case Study İMÇ Blocks

The addition of new modern layers to the historic urban settings is a significant issue in conserving the historic area's characteristics. Thus, a method of evaluation for modern buildings built in historical areas is being devel oped. The objective includes assessing the maintenance of the historic area's qualities and designing qualified modern buildings. These two issues were evaluated by assessing the example of İstanbul Drapers and Yard Goods Bazaar, İMÇ blocks. First, historical house settlements in the construction area of İMÇ (1933) and then characteristics of İMÇ blocks (1967) were analyzed. In terms of mass proportions, the position of courtyards, circulation areas, street and square relations, and vistas, site plan organizations from 1933 and 1967 were compared, while the proportions and architectural details of the façades were compared. The assessment criteria for the evaluation of modern buildings and their impact on historical areas were determined based on international preservation standards and charters. The conservation criteria include respecting the qualities, vistas, and landmarks of existing historic structures, being recognizable and reversible, responding to the demands of the area, and providing new views, juxtapositions, and textures. Modern heritage criteria include technical, land use, aesthetic, historical, socioeconomic, intangible, canonical, and reference qualities. As a result, it is seen that the İMÇ blocks were designed in harmony with the environment and increased the spatial quality of the area. Even though the İMÇ blocks are large-scale due to architectural constraints, the orientation of the blocks, the placement of courtyards leading to the Süleymaniye Mosque, and the transverse and longitudinal continuous circulation between the blocks respected historical texture. Despite the size of the masses, their heights and architectural elements are consistent with the traditional house layout.

Mapping The Terrain: A Study of Contour Analysis

Contour analysis is a pivotal process for architects and landscape designers, integral in seamlessly integrating designs with the natural terrain. By scrutinizing the geographical features of a site, designers gain invaluable insights that inform decisions in overall site planning. This research delves into the art of interpreting contours, offering a nuanced understanding of spatial navigation, sensory experiences, and aesthetics within architectural spaces through straightforward methodologies. Understanding the subtle undulations of the land enables architects to harmonize structures with the existing landscape, fostering a sense of unity. The contours serve as a blueprint for creating designs that not only blend seamlessly but also enhance the overall user experience. This investigation focuses on distilling complex topographical information into practical insights, providing designers with accessible tools to navigate the intricate relationship between built environments and natural surroundings. By unraveling the language of contours, architects and designers can unlock the potential for creating spaces that not only aesthetically please but also prioritize functionality and coherence with the environment. Key Words: Contour, fist, water flow, landscape.

Peculiarities of legal protection of natural world heritage sites in Australia on the example of the Great Barrier Reef

The study examines the practice of legal protection of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Site located in Australia. It reflects the main content of the decisions of the World Heritage Committee and the International Union for Conservation of Nature on the protection of the Great Barrier Reef, looks at the features of its management as a World Heritage Site (hereinafter also - WHS), as well as regulatory and organisational solutions aimed at preventing threats to the ecological state of the Great Barrier Reef WHS. The analysis of the legal framework and practice of protection of World Heritage Sites allows to conclude that some elements of the Australian experience can be used to strengthen the institutional and legal framework of the environmental regime of Lake Baikal. The proposal to develop a management plan for the Lake Baikal World Heritage Site in accordance with the requirements and standards of the World Heritage protection system, as well as to adopt special strategic development plans has been formulated. According to the authors, to ensure the effective development of specific management decisions, it is necessary to establish normatively the general principles of management plan formation. Based on the practice of engaging local communities in the management of World Heritage Sites and Australian experience of organising Marine Advisory Committees, the authors have verbalized a proposal to create an Advisory Council of representatives of various spheres of society, operating in the territory of the Lake Baikal World Heritage Site, environmental organisations and representatives of the public.

Exploring the Implementation Path of Passive Heat-Protection Design Heritage in Lingnan Buildings

To achieve indoor thermal comfort via natural ventilation, traditional buildings in South China’s Lingnan region have evolved distinct features tailored to the hot and humid climate conditions, involving site planning, function layout, and construction techniques. This study delves into the influences of these features on aspects such as sun-shading, ventilation, and heat insulation. By analyzing over ten Lingnan buildings in both the traditional and modern forms, several representative standardized models have been developed. Through a hybrid approach of combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies, including simulations, quantifications, and comparisons, several passive heat-protection measures commonly employed in Lingnan buildings were examined and evaluated. The effectiveness of shading, ventilation, and heat insulation in both traditional and modern buildings was assessed, resulting in the compilation of design principles for passive heat protection in buildings located in similar climatic zones. Key findings include (1) Shading: traditional methods reduce sunlight by 54.55%, while modern buildings enhance shading by applying new materials; (2) ventilation: traditional design achieves an outdoor wind speed of 1.5 m/s, improving thermal comfort, while modern Lingnan buildings optimize these principles; (3) insulation: traditional techniques maintain indoor temperatures below 26.0 °C, and modern buildings introduce innovation solutions for improved thermal insulation. In summary, traditional Lingnan design effectively addresses the challenges of the hot and humid climate by employing passive strategies for thermal comfort. Modern Lingnan buildings, in turn, preserve these principles while introducing innovative approaches.

Learning from Participatory Practices: The Integrated Management Plan for Petra World Heritage Site in Jordan

When the Petra World Heritage Site Integrated Management Plan was officially endorsed in 2019, it was the first management plan for the site to be legally recognised. The plan also uniquely emerged from a sophisticated interactive and participatory process designed to engage with as many stakeholders as possible to build consensus and foster interdisciplinary approaches to long-standing issues. Over a two-year period, from inception and planning to the final endorsement of the Integrated Management Plan, a dedicated technical team facilitated collaborative work practices and enabled the co-creation of management policies. This paper is a reflexive evaluation of the process by the team and draws on first-hand accounts and experiences to evaluate the impacts this methodology and approach has had on stakeholders and its longer-term legacies. Although Petra is a complex site facing significant pressures and multifaceted user demands, the participatory process has nonetheless empowered stakeholders who had not traditionally engaged in decision-making processes to become more engaged and established a management planning approach that can be adapted for cultural heritage sites in Jordan and in the wider region.

Geospatial and Temporal Analysis of Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) as Climate Mitigation Tool in Glamping Site in Cimahi North, West Java, Indonesia

Climate change on a global scale is an urgent matter with far-reaching consequences, making tourism among the most susceptible sectors to the effects of changing climate patterns. Ensuring human comfort in environments with high outdoor activity demands is a crucial aspect of design. This is particularly relevant for nature-based accommodations, often found in rural, mountainous, or coastal areas, catering to urban residents seeking recreational experiences. This study aims to explore the utilization of the Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) in both geospatial and temporal context in glamping site in Cimahi North, Indonesia, as a strategy for climate mitigation. Temporal microclimate assessment was first conducted through temporal thermal comfort analysis, using criteria such as air temperature (Ta) and relative humidity (RH), followed by geospatial analysis (Hotspot Analysis) in GIS to put the THI into spatial context. Result indicates that there are variations in daily THI assessment, where both temperature and humidity play important role in determining the thermal comfort of glamping clients. Subsequently, the study introduces strategies for climate mitigation in the planning of glamping tourism sites. The practical implications of this research lie in its potential to enhance the planning of nature-based tourism sites, particularly those dedicated to glamping experiences.

Perencanaan Taman Wisata Alam Danau Tamblingan Buleleng, Bali

Planning for Tamblingan Lake Natural Park Buleleng, Bali. The Tamblingan lake's natural tourist park has a potential of attractions that are aided by both its unique and strategic location. This makes the Tamblingan natural park a highly prospecting area that is able to attract tourists and plan the park's natural parks. The study intended to set up a zoning plan for lake tamblingan natural tourist park. The method in this study used survey method. By the stage of planning starting from the preparation stage, inventory, analysis, synthesis, concept, and planning. This research has a site plan. The attractive, environmentally insightful concept of tourism is based on the potential resources of landscapes and attractions and tourist attractions to preserve the landscape's resources and sustainability. The end result of the study was the landscape plans for the natural park areas of Tamblingan lakes involving the distribution of space, circulation, activity, and facilities.

Rencana Tapak (Siteplan) sebagai Persyaratan Mutlak Penerbitan Persetujuan Bangunan Gedung (PBG) di Kabupaten Tangerang (Studi Kasus: Proses Permohonan Siteplan (Rencana Tapak) Lapangan Basket)

The planning stage in project management is indispensable, where the planning contains technical and non-technical plans for a construction project to be executed (Executing). Planning has an important role so that the construction project will be carried out in accordance with the initiation set by the owner, and the building being built does not violate the rules set by the Regional Government at the location where the building will be erected. Site plan (Site plan) plays an important role in the planning stage. The site plan (Site plan) contains information regarding the direction of land use to be erected by the executor of the building construction. The information contained in the Site Plan includes: Percentage of land area that can be utilized for constructing buildings, Boundary Lines of Buildings to Roads, Building Height Limits, directions for providing Green Open Spaces (RTH) which function as water catchments, modeling of access in and out of land to be used. With the existence of a site plan, the building designed by the architect will be more organized in accordance with the applicable Tangerang Regency Spatial Planning Regulations. A site plan that has been approved by the Regional Government of Tangerang Regency is an important document and an absolute requirement for obtaining a Building Approval (PBG).

Quantifying Spatial Complexity of Settlement Plans Through Fractal Analysis

In this paper, I investigate the possibilities and limitations of fractal analysis methods applied to archaeological and synthetic settlement plans, with the goal of providing quantitative measures of spatial randomness or noise, as well as potential tools for automated culture-historical attribution of settlement plans and socio-economic intra-site differentiation. The archaeological sample is made from Linear Pottery settlements in south-west Slovakia and Trypillia settlements in the Southern Bug—Dnieper interfluve in central Ukraine, all based upon high-quality geomagnetic site plans. Synthetic plans are constructed as geometrically ideal versions of the archaeological ones, with varying degrees of added spatial noise. A significant correlation between fractal dimension and noise level is revealed for synthetic settlement plans, independently of size, density, house-size distribution and basic layout. However, several methodological challenges persist, and further systematic exploration on larger samples is needed before these results may be generalised. All analysis is performed in the R language and the script is made freely available in order to facilitate further development.