Mapping Of Sites Research Articles

Geological mapping and chronology of lunar landing sites: Apollo 14

The lunar cratering chronology function is based on the careful and systematic correlation of crater size-frequency distributions (CSFDs) with radioisotopic ages of samples from the Apollo, Luna, and Chang'e landing sites. The link between the samples and the CSFDs requires a detailed understanding of the landing site geology. Therefore, in this study, we have created a new detailed regional geological map of the Apollo 14 landing site using LRO, M3, and SELENE/Kaguya data. The geologic map allows us to define homogeneous areas for new CSFD measurements, from which updated N(1) values (i.e., cumulative number of craters with diameter ≥ 1 km) can be determined for the sampled geologic units. In particular, at the Apollo 14 landing site we measured the N(1) of the Imbrian Fra Mauro Formation (Ifm), which is interpreted to be ejecta from the Imbrium basin, and can be correlated with the Apollo 14 Imbrium ejecta samples. This new calibration point can be compared with the lunar chronology of Neukum (1983). We find that the new calibration point is consistent with the lunar cratering chronology of Neukum (1983). Together with our previous studies, this result supports the validity of this chronology.

Loss of CtBP2 may be a mechanistic link between metabolic derangements and progressive impairment of pancreatic β cell function

The adaptive increase in insulin secretion in early stages of obesity serves as a safeguard mechanism to maintain glucose homeostasis that cannot be sustained, and the eventual decompensation of β cells is a key event in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Here we describe a crucial system orchestrated by a transcriptional cofactor CtBP2. In cultured β cells, insulin gene expression is coactivated by CtBP2. Global genomic mapping of CtBP2 binding sites identifies a key interaction between CtBP2 and NEUROD1 through which CtBP2 decompacts chromatin in the insulin gene promoter. CtBP2 expression is diminished in pancreatic islets in multiple mouse models of obesity, as well as human obesity. Pancreatic β cell-specific CtBP2-deficient mice manifest glucose intolerance with impaired insulin secretion. Our transcriptome analysis highlights an essential role of CtBP2 in the maintenance of β cell integrity. This system provides clues to the molecular basis in obesity and may be targetable to develop therapeutic approaches.

Lazio antico: from the information system for the archaeological heritage of ancient Latium to the virtual museum

Lazio Antico offers a complete digital mapping of archaeological heritage, sites and emergencies related to the Ancient world in a period between the middle of IX century BCE and the middle of VI century CE Lazio Antico covers, Today, all the territory of Lazio south of the Tiber and can be extended to the entire Region with a second project phase.

Mapping of the Madiun historical cites

This research aims to map Madiun historical sites. Given that some historical relics around Madiun have developed to be used as recreational functions or tourist attractions, but the public is still a lot of little information. The research was conducted in Madiun Regency and City for one year using the historiography method. This method moves through heuristic techniques, source criticism, interpreting facts and writing narratives according to field findings. The historical stories of the site were successfully reconstructed, then made into thematic maps in the form of traditional and digital maps. The results of the research found 17 sites that have important value in the history of Madiun, which are located in the administrative areas of Madiun Regency and Madiun City. Even though it includes two government areas, the road to the location is in good condition. The map of Madiun historical sites in the convention described is well mapped on conventional and digital historical maps. The maps that were successfully made in both traditional and digital forms were classified as good because they met the criteria of equidistance, equivalence, suitability, complete information and easy to understand. The findings of this research are so important so that the heritage of the past is not eroded by the times and the community needs to be made aware of knowledge information on Madiun's local wisdom.

Landfill Site Selection Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, Remote Sensing Data, and Geographic Information System Tools in Najran City, Saudi Arabia

Many practical issues arise when dealing with solid waste management, and there are also environmental effects to be considered. Selecting landfill sites requires extra care with respect to many factors such as the environment, health hazards for people, and the cost of transportation. Furthermore, cities have their own rules, methods, and practices for managing and selecting the best locations for collecting solid waste. In this research, multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) was presented and used to evaluate the appropriateness of and suggest the best locations for landfill sites in Najran, KSA. Some remote sensing data and the ArcGIS software were used to prepare nine thematic layers, including drainage density, groundwater depth, land use, soil type, road network, surface elevation, surface slope, distance from residential areas, and distance from protected areas. To evaluate the layer weightings, a questionnaire with pairwise comparisons was distributed among experts and analyzed using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy set technique. The one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) sensitivity test was conducted to test the sensitivity of the evaluated weightings. A landfill suitability index (LSI) map was created using raster calculator tools and divided into five classes: limited suitability (LSI value 1.39–2.49), least suitable (2.50–3.03), relatively suitable (3.04–3.48), suitable (3.49–3.91), and most suitable (3.92–4.66). According to the statistical analysis, 18.0% and 18.2% of the total area were within the most suitable and suitable landfill regions, while 21.2%, 14.9%, and 9.5% accounted for relatively suitable, least suitable, and limited suitability areas, respectively. The employed technique and its findings can provide an appropriate guideline to assist the municipality of Najran city, regional planners, and decision-makers in selecting an optimal landfill site in the future. This study also presented some recommendations to enhance the suitability map of landfill sites in Najran city.

GIS-based approach for solid waste disposal site mapping and environmental rehabilitation

GIS-based approach for solid waste disposal site mapping and environmental rehabilitation

μMap Photoproximity Labeling Enables Small Molecule Binding Site Mapping.

The characterization of ligand binding modes is a crucial step in the drug discovery process and is especially important in campaigns arising from phenotypic screening, where the protein target and binding mode are unknown at the outset. Elucidation of target binding regions is typically achieved by X-ray crystallography or photoaffinity labeling (PAL) approaches; yet, these methods present significant challenges. X-ray crystallography is a mainstay technique that has revolutionized drug discovery, but in many cases structural characterization is challenging or impossible. PAL has also enabled binding site mapping with peptide- and amino-acid-level resolution; however, the stoichiometric activation mode can lead to poor signal and coverage of the resident binding pocket. Additionally, each PAL probe can have its own fragmentation pattern, complicating the analysis by mass spectrometry. Here, we establish a robust and general photocatalytic approach toward the mapping of protein binding sites, which we define as identification of residues proximal to the ligand binding pocket. By utilizing a catalytic mode of activation, we obtain sets of labeled amino acids in the proximity of the target protein binding site. We use this methodology to map, in vitro, the binding sites of six protein targets, including several kinases and molecular glue targets, and furthermore to investigate the binding site of the STAT3 inhibitor MM-206, a ligand with no known crystal structure. Finally, we demonstrate the successful mapping of drug binding sites in live cells. These results establish μMap as a powerful method for the generation of amino-acid- and peptide-level target engagement data.

Livelihoods and human impacts in Tan Thanh mudflat, Tien Giang Province, Vietnam

Tan Thanh mudflat in Tien Giang Province is one of the important wetlands of the Mekong Delta in Southern Vietnam. International conservation organizations have proposed this area to be an important bird and biodiversity area – IBAs because of the near location to the core of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway of migratory birds and providing feeding habitats for local shorebirds and endangered migratory species such as the Spoon-billed Sandpiper (Calidris pygmaea). To understand the threats human beings have on this proposed protected wetland, we conducted a study in August 2022 to assess the impacts of local community activities on the area. We used structured interviews with a site survey and mapping as the main methods of the study. The result showed that anthropogenic causes including agrochemical overuse, solid waste pollution, frequent disturbances from clam harvesting activities and illegal wild bird catching to protect cultivated farms, caused adverse impacts on the area. The study also revealed that the local communities have not been fully aware of the responsibility of protecting wild birds and the coastal environment. We suggested that to conserve the wetland successfully, we need to do further studies to fully understand the values of the wetland services to the wild birds and local communities and then engage relevant stakeholders to find solutions for improving public awareness about the importance of the wetland and inclusively protecting the area for sustainable development.

Seismic site characterization using MASW and correlation study between shear wave velocity and SPT[sbnd

A seismic site characterization study is carried out in the south of the foothills of tectonically active Himalayan region. During an earthquake, the dynamic characteristics of the shallow subsurface strata can influence seismic shaking in the region, causing damage to civil infrastructures. The seismic site characterization study with shear wave velocity (Vs) is performed using the Multi-channel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW) technique, which is particularly challenging to implement in the densely inhabited areas. However, the standard penetration test (SPTN) commonly measured by civil engineers can be utilized to compute Vs of such areas by establishing a correlation between Vs and the SPT-N values.In the study area, MASW data were acquired at twelve different locations, whereas SPT-N tests were available from 26 boreholes. Twelve borehole locations closer to the MASW survey lines were paired to establish relationships between SPT-N and Vs. The developed linear and non-linear correlation functions were found to be statistically similar. Furthermore, the linear correlation function is used for estimating Vs from SPT-N in remaining 14 boreholes. The new correlation functions were further compared with previously reported empirical relationships from other areas. The current relationship can be used for geoengineering purposes at different sites with similar geological conditions.Shear wave velocity derived from the MASW surveys and estimated from the new empirical relationship was utilized for seismic site characterization based on average shear wave velocity up to 30 m depth (Vs30). The Vs30 map of the study site is prepared and classified in accordance with the National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP-2020). The calculated Vs30 value of the study site ranges from 285 to 375 m/s. The major portion of the study area lies under Site Class CD, with a minor portion under Site Class D. In the event of an earthquake, some zones can potentially have stronger ground amplification, particularly in Site Class D and may have damaging effects. A series of average shear wave velocity maps for different depths are prepared to help geotechnical engineers in identifying and mitigating geotechnical risks. Furthermore, there are potential geohazard risks as certain depths show low shear velocity.

Natural Ingredients in the Jimen Basin Using Remote Sensing Technology

The scarcity of water resources constitutes a real problem facing man on an ongoing basis, especially with the exacerbation of environmental degradation and drought that affected large parts of the globe. With the increase in the number of the earth's population, the world is in need of more water sources for various activities. The study of the importance of water harvesting in its economic and environmental advantages lies in the impact on increasing and improving the productivity of agricultural crops by providing additional water at a low cost using supplementary irrigation. Remote sensing and applications of informatics systems are used to detect the best sites for the application of rainstorm water collection methods. This study aims to produce a map of the optimal sites for water harvesting methods to benefit from the water at the site of its fall without waiting for it to reach the downstream in Jimen Basin. This site is characterized by the presence of geological formations that have an important role in the application of water harvesting such as solid formations that allow the construction of dams within the basin. The study analyzed a lot of data on air temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, evaporation, and rainfall amount. The geological formations, natural plants, and types of soil were also studied. It was found that Jimen Basin is very suitable to be used as a water harvesting basin to develop the region around the basin which is semi-arid. In conclusion, the proposed lake can help provide the possibility of establishing a residential city and also be a promising tourist site.

Coastal protection strategies in sustainable landscape design at Kelanang Beach, Selangor

Natural attractions and distinctive geographical settings make the coastal environment a promising opportunity for economic and social development. However, coastal areas are susceptible to environmental change, as the recent event shows that sea level rise has damaged Kelanang Beach. Controlling and minimizing the damage caused by sea level rise in the coastal zone is important for the area's benefit and long-term survival. Coastal protection strategies are essential to the survival of coastal ecosystems and the communities that rely on them. This study proposes coastal protection strategies in sustainable landscape design for Kelanang Beach, Selangor. The study entails the collection of primary data through site observation, in addition to the collection of secondary data which both compiled in the stage of site inventory, analysis, and map synthesis. The proposed design focuses on three main areas: the Kelanang Beach area, the glamping site area, and the mangrove trail area. The aesthetic value and practicality of these areas are highlighted through the design process including a zoning diagram, functional diagram, spatial diagram, design idea plan, and master plan proposal. Coastal protection strategies suggested in the master plan proposal include the integration of hard and soft strategies such as breakwater, planting buffer, and mangrove replanting. The design emphasized vegetation richness to stabilize the beach embankment and maintain the coastal line in the near future. This master plan idea is one of the landscape planning mechanisms to develop coastal areas while strengthening positive symbiotic relationships between local residents, tourists, and the natural environment.

Into the unknown: the first barcode-assisted checklist of Psocoptera (Insecta, Psocodea) of Georgia with a census on country species richness.

This checklist reports 47 species of Psocoptera from 15 families and three suborders from Georgia, of which 31 species are recorded for the first time, increasing the known fauna of the country by more than 65%. Of these, 37 species have been barcoded, representing 210 Barcode Identification Numbers (BINs). An additional 14 species are expected to occur in Georgia but remain undiscovered, meaning that only ≈ 77% of the fauna is currently documented. Barcodes, comments on distributions, and images of voucher specimens are given followed by a map of the sampling sites.

Paradigm Shift for Catheter Ablation of Atypical Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia: 3-Dimensional Mapping–Based Ablation

BackgroundIn current practice, the ablation target of atypical atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the earliest atrial activation site in the coronary sinus (CS) or conventional slow pathway region. ObjectivesThe purposes of this study were to map the site of earliest retrograde atrial activation using electroanatomic three-dimensional mapping during atypical AVNRT and to evaluate successful ablation sites. MethodsA total of 42 patients with a total of 49 AVNRTs (slow/fast: 30; fast/slow: 15; slow/slow: 4) underwent electrophysiological study and ablation. Among them there were 14 patients (10 women; 60 ± 19 years of age) in whom 19 atypical AVNRT (fast/slow: 15; slow/slow: 4) were induced. ResultsThe intracardiac electrocardiograms or three-dimensional mapping of the exit site during tachycardia revealed that 7 patients had exit sites solely inside the CS (left inferior extension [LIE]), 3 solely in the right postero-septal tricuspid annulus (TA; right inferior extension [RIE]), and 4 had both LIE and RIE exits. The distance from the CS ostium to LIE exits was 14 ± 6 mm. RIE exits were located on the TA posterior to the CS ostium (between 5 and 6 o’clock in the left anterior oblique projection). Ablation targeting these exits or conventional slow pathway succeeded in long-term elimination of AVNRT in 13 of the 14 patients (93%). There were no complications. ConclusionsCatheter ablation targeting the exit sites of LIE or RIE mapped at the CS or TA holds promise as an effective and safe alternative approach to the current targets of ablation for atypical AVNRT cases.

Wide-Area Debris Field and Seabed Characterization of a Deep Ocean Dump Site Surveyed by Autonomous Underwater Vehicles.

Disposal of industrial and hazardous waste in the ocean was a pervasive global practice in the 20th century. Uncertainty in the quantity, location, and contents of dumped materials underscores ongoing risks to marine ecosystems and human health. This study presents an analysis of a wide-area side-scan sonar survey conducted with autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) at a dump site in the San Pedro Basin, California. Previous camera surveys located 60 barrels and other debris. Sediment analysis in the region showed varying concentrations of the insecticidal chemical dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), of which an estimated 350-700 t were discarded in the San Pedro Basin between 1947 and 1961. A lack of primary historical documents specifying DDT acid waste disposal methods has contributed to the ambiguity surrounding whether dumping occurred via bulk discharge or containerized units. Barrels and debris observed during previous surveys were used for ground truth classification algorithms based on size and acoustic intensity characteristics. Image and signal processing techniques identified over 74,000 debris targets within the survey region. Statistical, spectral, and machine learning methods characterize seabed variability and classify bottom-type. These analytical techniques combined with AUV capabilities provide a framework for efficient mapping and characterization of uncharted deep-water disposal sites.

Dual chemical labeling enables nucleotide-resolution mapping of DNA abasic sites and common alkylation damage in human mitochondrial DNA.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) modifications play an emerging role in innate immunity and inflammatory diseases. Nonetheless, relatively little is known regarding the locations of mtDNA modifications. Such information is critically important for deciphering their roles in mtDNA instability, mtDNA-mediated immune and inflammatory responses, and mitochondrial disorders. The affinity probe-based enrichment of lesion-containing DNA represents a key strategy for sequencing DNA modifications. Existing methods are limited in the enrichment specificity of abasic (AP) sites, a prevalent DNA modification and repair intermediate. Herein, we devise a novel approach, termed dual chemical labeling-assisted sequencing (DCL-seq), for mapping AP sites. DCL-seq features two designer compounds for enriching and mapping AP sites specifically at single-nucleotide resolution. For proof of principle, we mapped AP sites in mtDNA from HeLa cells under different biological conditions. The resulting AP site maps coincide with mtDNA regions with low TFAM(mitochondrial transcription factor A) coverage and with potential G-quadruplex-forming sequences. In addition, we demonstrated the broader applicability of the method in sequencing other DNA modifications in mtDNA, such as N7-methyl-2'-deoxyguanosine and N3-methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine, when coupled with a lesion-specific repair enzyme. Together, DCL-seq holds the promise to sequence multiple DNA modifications in various biological samples.

ASSESSMENT OF LAND SUITABILITY AND CAPABILITY BY INTEGRATING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR AGRICULTURE IN POTWAR REGION PAKISTAN

Abstract. The assessment of land suitability and capability to reduce the anthropogenic pressure on is significant for the agricultural yield management in rainfed Potwar Region Pakistan. This study examines phases of wheat growth using Landsat-8 thermal bands and temperature based site maps, and demarcates suitable sites in potwar region for sustainable crops through Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), python and geospatial techniques. The total investigation area was 22168 km2 out of which 12256 km2 (55%) declared highly suitable, 2998 km2 (13%) was moderately suitable, 4843 km2 (22%) was less suitable and 2069 km2 (10%) was found not suitable for wheat crop cultivation (WCC). The results indicated that the areas having temperature ranging between 10–18 °C, pH between 6.2–6.5 and clay loom soil type with drainage level 0.85–1.1 corresponds to extremely suitable for wheat production. Various land quality factors; that is slope, flooding, soil texture, erosion, depth and coarser bits under different land-units were assessed for the crops. Consequently, all these factors were combined to make an integrated land suitability and capability (LSC) map for each landuse and suitable soils for agricultural productions. It is concluded that better landuse practices can be implemented to enhance the suitable agricultural sites.

Robust regulation of transcription pausing in Escherichia coli by the ubiquitous elongation factor NusG

Transcription elongation by multi-subunit RNA polymerases (RNAPs) is regulated by auxiliary factors in all organisms. NusG/Spt5 is the only universally conserved transcription elongation factor shared by all domains of life. NusG is a component of antitermination complexes controlling ribosomal RNA operons, an essential antipausing factor, and a transcription-translation coupling factor in Escherichia coli. We employed RNET-seq for genome-wide mapping of RNAP pause sites in wild-type and NusG-depleted cells. We demonstrate that NusG is a major antipausing factor that suppresses thousands of backtracked and nonbacktracked pauses across the E. coli genome. The NusG-suppressed pauses were enriched immediately downstream from the translation start codon but were also abundant elsewhere in open reading frames, small RNAgenes, and antisense transcription units. This finding revealed a strong similarity of NusG to Spt5, which stimulates the elongation rate of many eukaryotic genes. We propose a model in which promoting forward translocation and/or stabilization of RNAP in the posttranslocation register by NusG results in suppression of pausing in E. coli.

Mutation Analysis and Restriction Site Mapping of GDF9 in Indonesian Bligon Goat

Bligon goat is one of the crossbred goats raised in Indonesia, which has a prolific nature, potentially increasing the economic benefits. The gene that particularly influences prolific traits is Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF9). This study aims to identify the mutation analysis (SNPs and amino acid changes) and restriction enzymes map in the GDF9 of Bligon goats. Six pairs of primers were used to amplify target sequences of GDF9 by polymerase chain reaction method and continued by sequencing. The sequence products were analyzed to get information on the SNPs and restriction enzyme (RE) around the SNPs for genotyping by PCR-RFLP method. A total of 15 SNPs were found in position g.1956A>C, g.2248G>T, g.2470A>T, g.2172DelA (shift T, Heterozygote), g.2807C>T, g.2919C>T, g.2996C>T, g.3615T>C, g.3855A>C, g.3879A>G, g.3924A>G, g.3943G>T, g.3969G>A, g.3981G>A, and g.4314C>T. Eight out of fifteen SNPs are located at the exon. Thus, the amino acid shows one synonymous at Exon 1 (Leucine to Leucine) and seven non synonymous at exon 2 with varied amino acid alteration (Valine to Alanine, Glutamine to Proline, Lysine to Arginine, Lysine to Arginine, Glutamine to Histidine, Arginine to Lysine, and Serine to Asparagine, respectively). Two SNPs at position g.1956A>C in Exon 1 and g.3855A>C in exon 2 show the homozygote CC and heterozygote AC. The most sample at those two position 67% and 83% homozygote type, respectively. Recognitions of site restriction enzymes BsaI and BsmAI were found at g.1956A>C or g.667C>M (Exon I). SNP g.3855A>C or g.2566C>M was recognized by three restriction enzymes (MspI, HapII, and HpaII). Two SNPs were not recognized by the restriction enzyme, and two other SNPs have more than 12 fragmented sequences, and as a consequence, it is very difficult to analyze the genotype. In conclusion, fifteen site mutations were identified; however, only two potential genetic markers with transversion mutations in Exon 1 and Exon 2 were recognized by restriction enzymes (BsaI, HapII, and MspI). These enzymes were recommended as candidate markers for further genotype identification using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.

Transcription start site mapping of geminiviruses using the in vitro cap-snatching of a tenuivirus

Geminiviruses are a family of single-stranded DNA viruses that cause significant yield losses in crop production worldwide. Transcription start site (TSS) mapping is crucial in understanding the gene expression mechanisms of geminiviruses. However, this often requires costly and laborious experiments. Rice stripe virus (RSV) has a mechanism called cap-snatching, whereby it cleaves cellular mRNAs and uses the 5′ cleavage product, a capped-RNA leader (CRL), as primers for transcription. Our previous work demonstrated that RSV snatches CRLs from geminiviral mRNAs in co-infected plants, providing a convenient and powerful approach to map the TSSs of geminiviruses. However, co-infections are not always feasible for all geminiviruses. In this study, we evaluated the use of in vitro cap-snatching of RSV for the same purpose, using tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) as an example. We incubated RNA extracted from TYLCV-infected plants with purified RSV ribonucleoproteins in a reaction mixture that supports in vitro cap-snatching of RSV. The RSV mRNAs produced in the reaction were deep sequenced. The CRLs snatched by RSV allowed us to locate 28 TSSs in TYLCV. These results provide support for using RSV’s in vitro cap-snatching to map geminiviral TSSs.

Local impedance drop guided versus lesion size index guided pulmonary vein isolation: long-term outcomes and chronic reconnections

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Insufficient lesion depth and discontinuity of lesion lines are reasons for reconnections after point-by-point radiofrequent pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Different technologies have shown to be useful for prediction of effective lesions. Measurement of the magnitude of local tissue impedance drop (LID) and calculation of lesion size index (LSI) based on monitoring of contact force are examples for corresponding technologies. Purpose To compare the long-term outcomes of LID guided with LSI guided PVI. Methods In this retrospective study we compared two groups of patients who underwent point-by-point radiofrequency PVI for treatment of atrial fibrillation. In the LID-guided group (n=35) energy was delivered using an ablation catheter with local impedance monitoring. Ablation was terminated when LID reached a plateau (Fig. A). In the LSI-guided group (n=31) lesions were created using an ablation catheter with contact force monitoring until the target LSI was reached in each point (LSI=5 for anterior and LSI=4 for posterior segments, respectively, Fig B). The inter-lesion distance of <6 mm with power of 40 W for anterior and 30W for posterior segments was used in both groups. A gap-map and touch-up ablation was performed along the index ablation line if the first pass PVI did not occur, or in the case of an acute reconnection after 20 min of waiting time. In the long-term follow-up, a holter ECG was scheduled 3, 6 and 12 months after the initial ablation as well as symptom-driven visits with ECG registration. In case of symptomatic arrhythmia recurrence, a second procedure was performed including validation of PVI, mapping of reconnection site and RePVI, if necessary. Results All pulmonary veins were successfully isolated by encirclement of ipsilateral veins during initial procedure. During the 11.5±2.9 months follow-up, 12 out of 35 (34.3%) patients from LID-guided group and 5 out of 31 (16.1%) patients from LSI-guided group experienced arrhythmia recurrence. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed statistically significant higher probability of the arrhythmia recurrence in patients treated with LID-guided approach (log-rank=4.37, p=0.037, Fig C). Redo procedure was performed for 10 (28.6%) patients in LID-guided group and 3 (9.7%) patients in LSI-guided group and chronic pulmonary vein reconnections were detected in 7 out of 10 (70%) and 2 out of 3 (67%) patients, respectively (Fig D). Conclusions Despite initial successful isolation of all pulmonary veins, LID-guided ablation resulted in significantly higher probability of arrhythmia recurrence during the long-term follow-up as well as higher rate of chronic PV reconnections (although not statistically significant) as compared to LSI-guided ablation. This reflects the nature of contact force guided ablation anticipating the quality of catheter-tissue interface before each application, which is not possible with an impedance only guided approach.