Sir Walter Raleigh Research Articles

Sir Walter Raleigh

Sir Walter Raleigh

Sir Walter Raleigh

Sir Walter Raleigh

Sir Walter Raleigh, By <italic>Willard M. Wallace</italic>. (Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press. 1959. Pp. ix, 334. $6.00.)

Journal Article Sir Walter Raleigh, By Willard M. Wallace. (Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press. 1959. Pp. ix, 334. $6.00.) Get access Sir Walter Raleigh, By Wallace Willard M.. (Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press. 1959. Pp. ix, 334. $6.00.) Lacey Baldwin Smith Lacey Baldwin Smith Northwestern University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 65, Issue 4, July 1960, Pages 880–881, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/65.4.880 Published: 01 July 1960

Sir Walter Raleigh. Willard M. Wallace

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsSir Walter Raleigh. Willard M. Wallace Harold HulmeHarold Hulme Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Modern History Volume 32, Number 2Jun., 1960 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/238475 Views: 2Total views on this site Copyright 1960 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Pioners and All: The Beginnings of Shakespeare Film

It was bright in London on that day toward the close of the nineteenth century—or at least there were bright intervals. In the early morning the sun sparkled on the silver Thames, and as one strolled north along the Victoria Embankment from Westminster Bridge, Wordsworth's sonnet came to mind. Farther north still, as the river turned more and more to the east above Charing Cross it was pleasant to wander in the gardens. This was historic ground. At the foot of Buckingham Street was the seventeenth century Water Gate of York House and then the region known as the Adelphi, built by the brothers Adam. It had once been the site of Durham House, the home of the fourteenth century Bishop of Durham, and later of Lady Jane Grey and of Sir Walter Raleigh. Adelphi Terrace, looking on the Thames, had been inspired by Robert Adam's visit to the palace of Diocletian at Spalato though remodeling had now altered its original design. Robert and James Adam had resided at No. 4; Thomas Hardy had worked at No. 8; the Savage Club occupied Nos. 6 and 7. There were dramatic associations too. David Garrick had lived and died at No. 5; Richard D'Oyly Carte was in the Adam residence; and Bernard Shaw had recently moved into No. 10.

Sir Walter Raleigh

Journal Article Sir Walter Raleigh. By Willard M. Wallace. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1959. xiv + 334 pp. Maps, illustrations, notes, appendix, bibliography, and index. $6.00.) Get access David Alan Williams David Alan Williams University of Virginia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 46, Issue 4, March 1960, Pages 702–703, https://doi.org/10.2307/1886286 Published: 01 March 1960

The Hatteras Indians of North Carolina

The Indians, a small group living on the sound side of Island near Hatteras, North Carolina, are mentioned only briefly a few 18th-century accounts, and yet these scraps of information have been variously interpreted with the result of creating some erroneous impressions. Unfortunately, just as some people use the term Cape or Hatteras region to refer to the whole Outer Banks area or to much of northeastern North Carolina, so some writers use the term Hatteras to refer loosely to many of the Algonkian tribes of that part of the state.1 At the time of the Roanoke ventures of Sir Walter Raleigh (1584-1587) there were Indians living on Island at the site later occupied by the Indians. These were the friendly Croatoan, Manteo's people, and the island also bore the name Croatoan. 2 The coastal changes between that day and ours have evidently injected a little confusion into the problem of locating places the old accounts. For example, Douglas Rights, his recent work on the Indians North Carolina, apparently confused the Kenrick of Governor John White's day (1587) with modern Hatteras, and concludes that the Croatoan Indians lived in the neighborhood of Lookout. 3 Rights also assumes that the Indians of the 18th century were descended from the Croatoan and uses the two names interchangeably. 4 Other writers have made this facile identification

Americans Learn to Grow the Irish Potato

THE story of origin of Irish potato and of its introduction into Europe, around legends long clustered, has finally been stripped down to verifiable facts by patient work of historians and agronomists. The claim that tuber was native to Virginia has been refuted beyond shadow of a doubt; legend that Sir Francis Drake carried it to Europe seems demolished as effectually as statue that used to stand in Offenburg commemorating story; and even possibility that Sir Walter Raleigh had a hand in introducing potato into British Isles is supported by evidence so involved and frail as to seem to justify those who relegate story to the same category with story of George Washington and cherry tree.' The early history of Irish potato in United States has also been full of misconceptions. Authorities on American agriculture, stressing reluctance with was taken up here, have spoken of Irish potato as a plant which European settlers in America scarcely grew until after Revolution, and have decided that tuber did not become important staple crop until middle of nineteenth century.2 It is probably true that Irish potato, like almost any other unfamiliar human food, suffered in America from an initial prejudice against it, just as it had in England, France, and Germany. (The stories associating Parmentier

The Outer Banks of North Carolina (review)

Book Reviews331 any degree of accuracy. The Colonel was an ardent patriot to whom Davis and his Cabinet were arch-traitors. Therefore he may merely have given vent to the oft-repeated popular boast to hang the Southern President to a sour apple tree without reaUy meaning anything by it. In this lies the chief weakness of Mr. Jones' account: His own portrayal of Dahlgren is so favorable that the criminal intent attributed to die young leader simply does not ring true. Of course, aU these are matters of honest differences of opinion. None of this criticism can detract from what remains a spellbinding and absorbing contribution to the lore of the Civü War. Hans L. Trefousse Brooklyn, New York. The Outer Banks of North Carolina. By David Stick. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 1958. Pp. xiii, 352. $6.00.) ?? this excellent volume David Stick has given us the history of the string of islands which stretch for 175 miles along the east coast of North Carolina. The story begins with the early attempts of the English to establish a colony on Roanoke Island, under the leadership of Sir Walter Raleigh in the 1580's, and ends with a description of this modem resort and recreational area as it is today. One feels that the author has enjoyed the ten years of research which he has given to the coUection and organization of materials for this volume. His notes meticulously comprise "chapter by chapter in narrative form, the sources which have proven most productive in preparing this book." Mr. Stick shows rare ability in piecing together seemingly unrelated historical facts, placing eachin its proper setting and giving us a highly readable story. He has also added a comprehensive index and several excellent maps which provide invaluable aids for the student of North Carolina history. The reader wül find a wealtii of material on the Outer Banks operations during the Civü War, and aU such discussions are scrupulously annotated. FoUowing detaüed accounts of the early batties of the war, Mr. Stick summarizes his more local reference as foUows: For aU practical purposes, however, the capture of Harteras Inlet, Roanoke Island, and Fort Macon had brought an end to organized Confederate resistance on the Banks and in die Sounds. It had done more than that, even, for with Federal forces in firm command of diese inlets and sounds, diey had effectively blocked off the basic maritime supply route to the rest of northeastern Carolina and had tighdy shut the back door to Norfolk and ChesapeakeBay. The occupation of die Outer Banks area by Federal troops presented few problems, owing to the predorninant sympathies of the Outer Bankers for the Union cause. As soon as the battle of Harteras Inlet was over and die forts secured by Federal troops, residents of nearby communities appeared, expressed 332civil war history their happiness at the results, and offered to take die oath of allegiance to the United States. . . . Whedier the Union sentiment . . . was of the genuine, inbred type or simply an expedient to make the best of changing conditions, die fact is diat many of die Bankers did side widi die North. Regarding the postwar period, the author states: As in other wars which have come to the Banks, the area soon made the return to normalcy. Because there had been proportionately little slave ownership on the Banks before the war, the Outer Bankers had comparatively little difficulty in adjusting to die new order. Some of die former slaves remained in die area, and like die free colored people who had lived tiiere for many years, they soon were living side by side witii the white people, . . . accepted as members of the Banks community, not quite on an equal plane, but so close to it diat it took a keen observer to teU the difference. The author's survey of the Outer Banks concludes widi a capsule history of each community, and witii further attention to special points of interest. Far from the guns of the Civü War but not without their lingering echoes, the last chapter ("The Banks Today") offers an exceUent guide to present-day visitors who are responsively aware...

The Struggle of Prerogative and Common Law in the Reign of James I

No conscience molten into gold,Nor forged accusers bought and sold,No cause deferred, nor vain spent journey,For there Christ is the King's Attorney. …—Sir Walter Raleigh,A Passionate Man's PilgrimageIn English history the seventeenth century is the locus classicus of the struggle between the prerogatives of the king and the rights of Parliament. And the student, looking beyond James II and Charles I, tends to see the Revolution of 1688 and the Civil War of the 1640's latent in the first two decades of the century. Indeed, the struggle between James I and Parliament in these years has more than once been stated in moral terms: the supporters of prerogative were wrong, Parliament and the common law were right. More than one student has regarded the seventeenth century as Tanner did: a drama, the prologue of which is the reign of James I, and the final act the Revolution of 1688. The suggestiveness of this analogy obscures the real nature of the struggle; one looks for events on the stage and neglects the world outside it.

John White and the Sarsaparilla

OHN White, the artist who made the great water colors of the InJ dians, is an elusive figure. He appears prominently on the historical scene as a member of the expeditions sent by Sir Walter Raleigh to Virginia. Of his life before and after this episode virtually nothing is known. It was probably on the first colonizing expedition of I585-86 that White made his paintings. On the second one in i587 he was in charge, but he left the colony at Roanoke Island to go to England for supplies. When he returned after three years' delay, the settlers, including his own daughter, had disappeared. Thereafter he himself slipped back into obscurity. Professor David Beers Quinn, in his superb collection of sources on the Roanoke voyages, has been able to produce only a few references to White after the failure of the colony. One of the most interesting of these fragments is the appearance of White's drawing of the milkweed in John Gerard's Herball of I597.1 Although Gerard did not mention White in his account of the plant, the use of the drawing suggests a contact between Gerard and the members of the Roanoke expeditions. The suggestion becomes a certainty in a passage from Gerard that Professor Quinn seems to have missed: the description of sarsaparilla. Sarsaparilla was a thorny vine of the genus smilax, which the Spaniards discovered in Mexico, Honduras, and Peru sometime in the I530's or I540's. Its roots, crushed into pulp or brewed in a tea, were thought by the natives to be highly efficacious as a remedy for various diseases and especially for syphilis. America had already produced one supposed cure for syphilis, obtained from the wood of a tree known as guaiacum, growing in the West Indies. This was introduced into Europe in I5I7 and quickly won the endorsement of physicians, perhaps because they were persuaded that syphilis originated in America and that God would have

William Sanderson: Elizabethan Financier of Discovery

HE maritime exploits of the Age of Elizabeth-new trading voyages, piracy against the hated Spanish, and geographic exploration -were made possible, in the final analysis, by the availability of larger capital resources to pay for them. While profits from trade and income from other sources flowed most freely into expanding industrial enterprises and land dealings at home, a lively spirit of financial speculation joined with mercantile and landed wealth to build many new ships, man and provision them, and send them to sea. Compared with the acclaim won by sixteenth-century captains like Frobisher, Drake, and Raleigh, obscurity has surrounded the activities of their financial backers. These men were the promoters, the entrepreneurs who themselves never set sail from England. Without their willingness and even eagerness to invest, the celebrated expeditions-northward into frozen seas, southward to chase Spanish galleons, and westward to establish plantations abroadcould not have taken place. This support often has been acknowledged, but little is known about the individuals who furnished it. William Sanderson (? 1548-i638) was just such an Elizabethan projector. He assumed a leading part in sponsoring and managing the voyages undertaken by the navigator John Davis in search of the Northwest Passage; he contributed to geographical studies by furnishing funds to construct the first globes made in England by Emery Molyneux; and he acted for several years as a kind of financial manager for Sir Walter Raleigh. Symbolically, he named his first three sons Raleigh, Cavendish, and Drake. The pattern of his life, while less spectacular than the diversions which rescue him from obscurity, follows that of a successful man of business in

Sir George Cayley, Bart.|The Father of British Aeronautics

The True Balance of a man's worth cannot be struck by a knowledge, however full, of only one of his activities.I do not propose to confine myself to Cayley's aeronautical activities in this paper, for that would be to do much less than justice to a man whose interests, when known and understood, can only add to the stature of a great Yorkshireman and a great Englishman, one, to quote William Cobbett, “of the resident native gentry, attached to the soil, known to every farmer and labourer from their childhood, frequently mixing with them in those pursuits where all artificial distinctions are lost, practising hospitality without ceremony, from habit and not on calculation.”Sir Walter Raleigh, in his introduction to the History of the War in the Air (1914-1918), referred to Cayley as one who “amused his leisure with science.” Raleigh was not aware and, indeed, very few who know something of Cayley's aeronautical work are aware, of how active was the interest Cayley took in scientific and engineering matters during his long life. I hope in this paper to add something to Cayley's stature, great as it is, in this respect.

John Pory on the Death of Sir Walter Raleigh

HIS year, marking the four-hundredth anniversary of the birth of Sir Walter Raleigh, who attempted to plant several colonies along the shores of what is now North Carolina, is being celebrated in that state with special events in his honor. Since the exact date of his birth is unknown,' the anniversary day of his execution, October 29, i6i8, has been selected for special notice. A Sir Walter Raleigh Day Commission, appointed by the governor in I947, has worked out plans for the proper observance of the day, particularly among school children. Plans also are being made for the planting of an Elizabethan garden in Raleigh's memory at Roanoke Island, site of his settlements, and a collection of books by and about Raleigh, including numerous first editions, has recently been opened by the University of North Carolina Library in special rooms with panelling and furniture of the sixteenth century. In view of the special notice being given Raleigh at this time, it seems appropriate to print a hitherto unpublished contemporary account of his death. The account comes from the pen of John Pory (I572-i635), one of the most active of the seventeenth-century newsletter writers, who was in London at that time, endeavoring to secure appointment as secretary in the Virginia colony. He had studied and worked under Hakluyt, had served in Parliament from i6o5 to i6ii, had travelled widely through most of the known world, and was on familiar terms with many of the great men of England. At that moment, he was in the employ of Sir Dudley Carleton, James' ambassador in The Hague, and it was to Carleton that the three letters concerning Raleigh's death were written. Only one of the three deals wholly with this subject, although a second discusses it at some length.

Sir Walter Raleigh's Guiana Finances

Sir Walter Raleigh's Guiana Finances

The Introduction of the Potato into Ireland

Previous articleNext article No AccessNotesThe Introduction of the Potato into IrelandWilliam H. McNeillWilliam H. McNeill Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Modern History Volume 21, Number 3Sep., 1949 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/237272 Views: 40Total views on this site Citations: 7Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1949 The University of Chicago PressPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:David Nally, Gerry Kearns Vegetative States: Potatoes, Affordances, and Survival Ecologies, Antipode 52, no.55 (Aug 2020): 1373–1392.https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12652Xinyi Liu, Martin K. Jones Food globalisation in prehistory: top down or bottom up?, Antiquity 88, no.341341 (Jan 2015): 956–963.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00050912Martin Jones, Harriet Hunt, Emma Lightfoot, Diane Lister, Xinyi Liu, Giedre Motuzaite-Matuzeviciute Food globalization in prehistory, World Archaeology 43, no.44 (Dec 2011): 665–675.https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2011.624764James Bradeen, Kathleen Haynes Introduction to Potato, (May 2011): 1–19.https://doi.org/10.1201/b10881-2Alice D'Arcy The potato in Ireland's evolving agrarian landscape and agri-food system, Irish Geography 43, no.22 (Jul 2010): 119–134.https://doi.org/10.1080/00750778.2010.515195James M. Bradeen, Domenico Carputo, David S. Douches Potato, (Apr 2009): 117–156.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405181099.k0704Patrick Manning WILLIAM H. MCNEILL: LUCRETIUS AND MOSES IN WORLD HISTORY, History and Theory 46, no.33 (Oct 2007): 428–445.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2303.2007.00419.x

Preparations for the 1585 Virginia Voyage

T g 8 HE seminal importance of the English voyages to North Carolina and Virginia which were made under the auspices of Sir Walter Raleigh between i584 and i59i has long been fully recognized despite their failure to found a lasting settlement on American soil. The reconnaissance voyage of Amadas and Barlow in i584 first revealed the Banks and Sounds of the North Carolina shore to English eyes. Sir Richard Grenville then led an important expedition there to establish the first colony in i585. Lane's colonists lived nearly a year at Roanoke before they left with Drake in June, i586, just before Grenville arrived with supplies and reinforcements. He left a mere fifteen men as a second colony which was soon wiped out by the Indians. Then, in i587, John White brought to Roanoke the third colony. Returning to England for supplies, his projected voyage in i588 failed, and it was not until i59i that he came back to Roanoke to find the settlers gone. Thus ended the first English colonial experiment in America and gave birth to one of the great mysteries of American history and folklore, the fate of the Lost Colony. Such is the well-known outline. Richard Hakluyt in both the i589 and i6oo editions of his great collection of voyages did full justice to the narratives and reports of the American voyages, but he left many questions unanswered. Later discoveries of documents have filled some of the gaps: others remain. The present paper adds material which has recently come to light on the preparations for the i585 expedition. One important new document is discussed which illuminates the military preparations which preceded the establishment of the Roanoke colony in i585 and provides a rather novel perspective from which Lane's colony can be viewed. A second discovery is of a case in the high court of admiralty which, if it does not add greatly to our knowledge of the i585 voyage, tells us something about the personality of Philip Amadas, hitherto a somewhat shadowy figure, but long recognized as an important one. Finally, the finding of some new detail on the collection of stores and personnel for the

Prison Books

“Imprisonment,” remarked Isaac D'Israeli, in his Curiosities of Literature, “has not always disturbed the man of letters in the progress of his studies, but has unquestionably greatly promoted them.” Support of this contention is to hand in a number of world famous books which have been written behind bolts and bars. The list of their authors includes Sir Walter Raleigh, John Bunyan, George Fox, William Penn, Daniel Defoe, and Dr. Dodd, with, in more modern times, William Cobbett and Leigh Hunt.

REVIEWS OF MUSIC

Journal Article REVIEWS OF MUSIC Get access Tate Phyllis, Epitaph for Voice and Piano (Sir Walter Raleigh). ( Oxford University Press.) 3s. I. K. I. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume XXIX, Issue 3, July 1948, Pages 320-d–320, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/XXIX.3.320-d Published: 01 July 1948

The Use of Curare in Anesthesia

FOR the past few centuries, curare has been dismissed lightly as being synonymous with the generic name of several poisons of certain South American Indians, but investigation of its pharmacologic action and clinical application in the past decade has shown this drug to hold great promise to the anesthesiologist. The first descriptions of this so-called arrow poison were brought back to the civilized world by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1595 following his journey to Guiana and up the Orinoco.1 Because of the variable source and potency of the drug and because of the toxic effects due to the impurities . . .