Technological Singularity Research Articles

A Criticism of Transhumanism from the Society 5.0 Perspective in the Context of Social Values

From the standpoint of Society 5.0, the transhumanist perspective, which advances along the trajectory of technological singularity, appears to pose certain challenges, particularly in relation to its treatment of social values. Consequently, it is essential to critically examine and compare these two perspectives. The primary objective of this research is to offer a conceptual contribution aimed at mitigating potential complexities associated with social design projects developed for the future of humanity. As part of the literature review, data pertaining to the perspectives of Society 5.0 and transhumanism on social values were gathered and systematically analyzed. The findings of the study indicate that while transhumanist objectives may encompass certain positive elements, they are inadequate to achieve a content and flourishing society. Given that the social values that lend meaning to human existence are contingent upon cultural norms, it becomes necessary to reevaluate transhumanist goals in alignment with the principles of Society 5.0. This is because neglecting spiritual well-being can adversely affect goal achievement and may trigger social crises.

Artificial intelligence in medicine and research - the good, the bad, and the ugly.

Artificial intelligence (AI) broadly refers to machines that simulate intelligent human behavior, and research into this field is exponential and worldwide, with global players such as Microsoft battling with Google for supremacy and market share. This paper reviews the "good" aspects of AI in medicine for individuals who embrace the 4P model of medicine (Predictive, Preventive, Personalized, and Participatory) to medical assistants in diagnostics, surgery, and research. The "bad" aspects relate to the potential for errors, culpability, ethics, data loss and data breaches, and so on. The "ugly" aspects are deliberate personal malfeasances and outright scientific misconduct including the ease of plagiarism and fabrication, with particular reference to the novel ChatGPT as well as AI software that can also fabricate graphs and images. The issues pertaining to the potential dangers of creating rogue, super-intelligent AI systems that lead to a technological singularity and the ensuing perceived existential threat to mankind by leading AI researchers are also briefly discussed.

Метафизический разрыв: критический анализ идеи технологической сингулярности

The next stage in the development of human history is often described by futurists and the proponents of transhumanism as a global technological singularity. The main objective of this paper is to show that the idea of the possibility of a technological singularity is a result of the total dependence of mankind on technology, which caused the metaphysical mutation of consciousness. The article examines the concept of technological singularity, according to which, the exponential growth of artificial intelligence and nanotechnologies will usher in a moment of irreversible change for humanity. The paper presents a brief comparative analysis of Russian cosmism and transhumanist cosmic visions. The author investigates transhumanists’ views on the metaphysics of personality, consciousness and singularity as well as demonstrates the incoherence of the attempt to reduce the notion of personality to intelligence only. It is argued here that the belief in the possibility of a technological singularity and a postsingular world is largely a result of humankind’s total dependence on technology that challenges to transform all aspects of human life. In the face of a growing dependence of mankind on technology, the gap between a human being and technology is being filled by artificial intelligence, which takes on the role of the subject. The idea of an explosion of superintelligence is a consequence of the ongoing global transformation in all spheres of life, when the lines between the real and the virtual worlds are blurred. The author links the emergence of the idea of a technological singularity with a metaphysical break, i.e. a gap between human consciousness as a human essence and existence in the world of the technosphere, where a human being transfers his/her role as a subject to technology. The uncontrollably accelerating technological progress leads not to the dominance of the machine supermind, but to existential meaninglessness and anthropological catastrophe.

Environmental Sustainability and Digital Transformation of Socio-Economic: Quality of Life Perspective

Technological singularity has seriously affected all the social, environmental, and economic genesis factors in mankind’s history. The problem of assessing the quality of life in the digital economy is acquiring new nuances including social services. The objective of this study is to investigate unique impacts of digital transformation on economic, environment, and social progresses on the quality of life improvement in China. Environmental statistical data on the impact of investments in social, state, and other spheres of economic activity are analysed at the machine learning level. Application of high-performance computing (HPC) and big data technologies for obtaining data on socio-economic statistics in real-time, the presence of feedback in the Web 4.0 concept, transfer of a significant part of economic processes to internet platforms provide the information necessary for analysis. As a result, a basis is proposed for implementing software products in the form of institutional decision-making support systems for a long horizon of planning investments in the quality of life.

POTENTIAL HISTORY: READING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FROM INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGES*

ABSTRACTUntil the beginning of the twentieth century, history, as a core concept of the political project of modernity, was highly concerned with the future. The many crimes, genocides, and wars perpetuated in the name of historical progress eventually caused unavoidable fractures in the way Western philosophies of history have understood change over time, leading to a depoliticization of the future and a greater emphasis on matters of the present. However, the main claim of the “Historical Futures” project is that the future has not completely disappeared from the focus of historical thinking, and some modalities of the future that have been brought to the attention of historical thought relate to a more‐than‐human reality. This article aims to confront the prospects of a technological singularity through the eyes of peoples who already live in a world of more‐than‐human agency. The aim of this confrontation is to create not just an alternative way to think about the future but a stance from which we can explore ways to inhabit and therefore repoliticize historical futures. This article contains a comparative study that has been designed to challenge our technologized imaginations of the future and, at the same time, to infuse the theoretical experiment with contingent historical experiences. Could we consider artificial intelligence as a new historical subject? What about as an agent in a “more‐than‐human” history? To what extent can we read this new condition through ancient Amerindian notions of time? Traditionally, the relationship between Western anthropocentrism and Amerindian anthropomorphism has been framed in terms of an opposition. We intend to prefigure a less hierarchical and more horizontal relation between systems of thought, one devoid of a fixed center or parameter of reference. Granting the same degree of intellectual dignity to the works of Google engineers and the views of Amazonian shamans, we nevertheless foster an intercultural dialogue (between these two “traditions of reasoning”) about a future in which history can become more‐than‐human. We introduce potential history as the framework not only to conceptualize Amerindian experiences of time but also to start building an intercultural dialogue that is designed to discuss AI as a historical subject.

Human capital and employment transformation in the context of digitalisation

The ongoing fourth industrial revolution, characterised by the technological singularity, has introduced significant changes in the development scenarios of the global and Russian economy. The changes caused by the new technological mode occur with exponential acceleration, which inevitably transforms the way of life, culture, education model and forms a new system of values, which implies replacing the existing model of human capital with a standard set of highly specialised skills with a new model that promotes the development of flexible skills and abilities on the basis of interdisciplinary approach to learning. In this regard, the article is devoted to the study of transformational forms of employment, its standard and non-standard forms, as well as to the identification of adaptive capabilities of human capital to new forms of employment in the conditions of digital and structural transformation. The methodological basis of the study was the provisions of economic theory and macroeconomic analysis. Based on a comparative analysis, the adaptive capacity of human capital to new forms of employment was evaluated. The research allowed us to classify transformational - new forms and types of employment, identify the main features of new forms of employment, identify the main professional skills in demand in the conditions of digitalisation, and propose possible options for the adaptation of human capital in the era of digitalisation.

Альтернативні сценарії цифрового майбутнього

The aim of the article is to study the impact of digitalization on economic, sociocultural and political processes in society, as well as to search for alternative scenarios for the development of digital society. Digitalization today is an effective indicator of the development of society, which provides many people with ease in carrying out their daily activities. The usefulness of digitalization for society today is confirmed in almost all aspects of human life – from production and doing business to communication and mobility. However, in today's society there is no clear understanding of the further development of humanity in the context of rapid technological advances, and there is even more lack of an idea of what the role of a person in the digital world will be. Analyzing this issue, we have worked out a number of versions and views – from scientifically progressive to fantastic-utopian – in order to understand the optimal scenario for the development of digital society. Today, the world has entered the era of Industry 4.0, that is, the era that is based on new technologies. Technologies are increasingly becoming able to replace humans in every field of industry, education, science, and everyday life issues of society. The study showed that today there is no consensus in society about what the future world will look like under the influence of digitalization and the spread of artificial intelligence (AI). This raises the question of the role of man in the light of technological change. In order to find the optimal scenario for the development of humanity in the era of digitalization and the formation of AI, we analyzed the main views that prevail among scientists and in society in general, and singled out our own vision of the role of humans in the era of digitalization. The fundamentals of the theory of technological singularity and transhumanism are analyzed. It is found that the negative consequences of technological progress can be generalized as two major problems. The first is that humans will lose control over technology, because AI will begin to develop on its own so quickly that it will become incomprehensible to humans. The second is a change in global humanistic concepts, at the center of which are a person and the appropriate moral values.

English

Using the mathematical aspects of the Schwarzschild metric, we present different variables transformation which proves that the central singularity hypothesis does not exist. The geometric interpretation of the black hole from the Schwarzschild metric is not mathematically convincing. The different mathematical approaches taken by many authors were viewed, such as the Painleve metric and its complex variant, and the Schwarzschild metric, to deduce a metric with a throat sphere which leads to a mirror space-time. Subsequently, the possibility of a bi-metric tangent to the Schwarzschild metric's throat sphere was deduced.  It was also shown that a false interpretation of the variables of the Schwarzschild metric can lead to false physical deductions and, in particular, to the concept of singularity. We computed the general solution of Einstein's equations in the presence of a non-zero energy tensor, that is, for a homogeneous fluid ball with energy conditions. This study method of resolution involves a reformulation of the Einstein equation and integration of the differential system. The metrics found are asymptotic to the Schwarzschild metric outside the fluid ball. Assumptions were presented for the pressure inside the fluid ball and the corresponding metrics were derived. Then, by solving the continuity equation of the energy-impulse tensor, we deduce an expression for the pressure inside the star that permits the express on of the interior and exterior metrics. Key words: Schwarzs child’s metric, black hole, singularity, gravity, bi-metric, internal metric.

Vernadsky's concept of the noosphere and its reflection in ethical and moral values of society

The paper assesses the topicality of Vernadsky's concept of the noosphere, coined over almost twenty years starting in the early 20th century. Emphasizing the uniqueness of Vernadsky's concept of the noosphere as the transformation of the biosphere by a man using reason, we concentrate on the assessment of the utopian or realistic nature of his vision of the future of humanity. Based on the philosophical case-studies analysis, it identifies the ideological roots of the noosphere concept, the development of views on the concept in time, the role of reason and scientific thinking, the opinions of its supporters and critics, and Moiseev's related concept of co-evolution. We point out the correlation between Vernadsky's concept of the noosphere and Moiseev's bifurcation and his two imperatives as necessary conditions for the co-evolution of nature and man. We document that Vernadský did not only think about the positive role of reason in the creation and development of the noosphere, but he was also aware of the possibility of its misuse. We compare Vernadsky's idea of the collective reason creation with Kurzweil's concept of technological singularity, Crutzen's concept of the Anthropocene, Haff's concept of the technosphere and Cer's scenario of the possible future development towards the creation of tech subjects and the replacement of the biosphere with the technosphere. We also assess the possibility of approximating essential concept-forming elements, i.e. philosophical categories, collective reason, the collective intelligence of humanity, and scientific knowledge facilitated by information and communication technology. Ultimately, conclusions concerning the topicality of Vernadsky's concept of noosphere are formulated. We argue that Vernadský's concept of the noosphere is timeless and should be taken not as a utopia but, on the contrary, as a scenario of possible development along the line of geosphere – biosphere – noosphere, prospectively with its transfer to the cosmic dimension.

The Cyborg: from Human Exceptionality to Technological Singularity

El objetivo de este texto es mostrar la tensión que existe entre dos proyectos: el humanista y el transhumanista. Aquí se expondrá la tesis de que el proyecto transhumanista puede proponer una vida que vale la pena ser vivida desde la mejora tecnológica. Para lograr defender esta tesis se propondrá como itinerario examinar la tesis de la excepcionalidad humana y la propuesta transhumanista; las posturas bioconservadoras y bioliberales y la postulación del cyborg en el contexto del antropoceno como proyecto de un transhumanismo moderado.

Technological singularity by culture;

The concept of technological singularity is very popular in both science and culture. However, in this paper I will argue that this concept is not sound; there is a severe contradiction in the mainstream Turingian approach because it neglects our evolutionary origin, which machines utterly lack, and this lets the so popular rise of the creatures concept into science—which, in fact, is just the new version of our most fundamental origin-story, the rebellion of Adam and Eve against God. However, we are, in reality, the children of evolution and machines are not, which makes a significant difference.

TECHNOLOGICAL ACCELERATION AND THE ROLE OF ART IN PREDICTING THE AFTERMATH OF SINGULARITY

The technological advance of the last decades leads us to imagine a future where technological systems and artificial intelligence (AI) physically and intellectually surpass human intelligence (IH) reaching, in fact, to be able to improve itself without the need for human intervention. From the possibility of the emergence of Cyborgs, Post Humans, and the arrival of what experts have called Technological Singularity, we must allow ourselves to reflect on these concepts in order analyse the possible effects, the results that this rapid technological advance could lead us to, and the possible consequences that a hard superintelligence would bring with it. The study tries to probe the scope of Singularity and its fundamental aspect, the alteration of the technological ecology: the strong pace of innovation would continuously transform the world and the human being itself, making the forecasting effort extremely difficult. It presents definitions of singularity according to its main figures: Von Neumann, I. J. Good, Vernor Vinge, and Ray Kurzweil. It revolves around the idea that the technological acceleration will continue to state that humanity couldn’t control. In this case AI will surpass the human abilities. It also unfolds the role of art in predicting the aftermaths of Singularity. Since the scientists are not sure about the result after Singularity, the role of imagination becomes the proper tool for exploring the technologized future. Key words: Singularity, Technological Acceleration, Science Fiction, Vernor Vinge, and Ray Kurzweil

Innovative analysis in climate change: Evidence from developed European countries

Since the turn of the 20th century, the whole world entered a period of technological singularity. It is also predicted that the pace of innovation regarding problems associated with climate change, generational change of technologies will constantly increase. This paper aims to bring an innovative product to the market regarding subsequent economical and social strategy. The methodology is based on a dynamic assessment of the development of consumer demand in the context of innovative proposals. In the article, results are obtained and the volume of investments in the development of innovations is determined, which optimizes the balance between curtailing the volume of output using the previous technology in climate change and increasing the production and sale of an innovative product in climate change. The novelty of this study is in the panel framework on the base of Model Based System Engineering (MBSE). The study concludes that MBSE are more sensitive to innovative activity. The volume of investments in the development of innovations is determined. The main result is the total profit from the demand in the consumer market for products based on old and new technologies in climate change, since reformed business processes entail significant financial costs. The above-discussed issues lead to inappropriate misleading policy recommendations. The main recommendation is using disaggregated trade data for each trading partner and industry level to conclude more accurate results and policy recommendations for each trading partner and industry in concern.

Post-industrial Culture of Law-making: a New Image of Reality

The leading factor of the transformation of the legal sphere of post-industrial society is the technological challenges that create risks of technological and legislative singularity. The legal culture is transformed in connection with the formation of a new worldview and legal thinking. The purpose of the study is to determine the factors, patterns, prospects and risks of transformation of the culture of law-making in post-industrial society. The result was the identification of factors of the transformation of the culture of law-making. The increase of the technological component in the composition of the law-making culture of post-industrial society has caused such patterns of its transformation as the symbiosis of legal and digital technologies, the blurring of the lines between the object and the subject, the object and the result of law-making. Prospects for further transformations of the culture of law-making are revealed — acquiring new functions, transforming the system of law and restructuring its sources, innovations in the subject and object composition, stages and technological component of law-making, its inherent terminology. Human-machine interaction, hybridization as the main features of the emerging “digital” culture of law-making not only has advantages, but also carries serious risks, the management of which, along with the proactive impact, becomes the most important function of the law-making culture of post-industrial society

Future Imaginings in Art and Artificial Intelligence

ABSTRACT In considering future imaginings of art and Artificial Intelligence (AI), we point out two key premises to our approach: the human-machine relation without opposition between the two terms; and the implications of artificial intelligence within practice-led art practices. According to Gilbert Simondon, there is a biological and technological evolution that does not separate nature and technics or culture and technics, since what is defined by human nature is already part of a technological system. Yuk Hui criticizes the idea of technological singularity supported by strong artificial intelligence which converges on itself. However, there is also the possibility of multiple bifurcations emerging from technodiverse practices and aesthetics. On algorithmic art, Lev Manovich points out that AI is increasingly culturally influencing our imagination, choices, and behaviours and that it has built its own imagery and cognitive patterns in society. Joanna Zylinska connects the dots between AI, creativity and innovation, which by bringing AI to research into practice-led art practices, opens the problematization of AI to the possibilities of reprogramming the human sensory-cognitive apparatus. In this paper, we extend these approaches to examine whether these computer systems that enable the processing of big data can or cannot program our imagination, desires, likes, sensations, perceptions and attitudes. Finally, in order to think the worlds built through these emerging AI technologies, we ask what kind of society we want to live in, and what roles we will allow ubiquitous computational technologies, such as AI, to play in our daily lives.

CRYPTO ART: A NEW ERA IN ART VS ADVENTURE CHALLENGE

The purpose of the article is to consider the current phenomenon of crypto art from an artistic point of view. The research methodology includes historical, art studies, and comparative analysis. The scientific novelty of the article is that the fact of the emergence and development of a new phenomenon that attracts the attention of an increasing number of artists has been established, and a systematic analysis of its existing challenges and advantages over the traditional art market has been carried out. Conclusions. We are at the beginning of a multi-year process. The trend is gaining momentum, increasingly drawing humanity into a technological singularity, where, on the one hand, the war in all its forms and manifestations does not end, and on the other — the synergy of passionaries opens up new unprecedented horizons for joint creative work and monetisation of their artistic skills. The popularisation of NFT by a “magical” force has attracted the attention of independent creators to new communication channels and the formation of new decentralised communities, which usually demonstrate a high level of cooperation and culture in general. Digital art has rarely received as much attention as it does now. The NFTs may disappear, but the critical dialogue they have created will remain in our collective memory, and the value and legitimacy they have brought to digital art through this conversation may have changed their social perception forever. The new paradigm first of all emphasises that “value” as a property and characteristic of objects or phenomena in modern conditions is increasingly determined not by the past, but by the future. This is what determines the “paradigm shift” — the present in the future is much more important than the traditional in the past.

Realization of Future Teacher’s Mental Space in the Process of Bite-Sized Learning

As there are contradictions in the digital technology: 1) a tool for professional growth and 2) a tool for imposing a prepared scenario of achieving success on the subject, ignoring the principle of environmental compliance, our study aims to substantiate and experimentally test the effectiveness of the model of realization of modern student’s mental experience (factor in activating his systemic thinking and teleological competence). Moreover, the technology of programming as philosophizing in the BSL format is considered to be an element in the humanization of geeks culture in the situation of supposed technological singularity. In accordance with the goal, we have created a regression-correlation design for the study of the influence of the predictor variable (BSL) on the criterion variable (disclosure of mental experience). The exploratory methodology of our experimental study is determined by the content of bite sized-approbation of the author's model ‘Flipped Class’. Its conceptual idea is self-learning as creativity, which is realized in the didactics of performative action. The results of the tasks have revealed the relationships and differences in the implementation of indicators of students’ mental experience of joint e-Learning and BSL, which are visualized in correlation galaxies for future clustering. They have confirmed the leading idea of ​​our study: the disclosure of the resources inherent in human nature in the process of learning is the way for the relentless cognition of the sense of placement with a view to achieving dignity and making free choices in life.

Complex-Information Ethics Theory

If ethics is of any interest to big historians, it might be primarily for analyzing the “ought to haves” and the “ought not to haves” of prior large scale human actions, e.g., does an agriculture-based lifestyle cause more harms to humans overall as compared with a hunter-gatherer lifestyle? However, big historians are also often concerned about the future events of Earth that can be influenced by humans, such as climate change, mass extinctions, and the predicted technological singularity. Because those concerns encompass both human and non-human complex systems such as the biosphere and possible future advanced artificial intelligence, big history requires an ethical framework that addresses anthropocentric as well as non-anthropocentric concerns and perspectives.

The Ecstasy of Acceleration: the Problem of Capital in the Philosophy of Nick Land

In this article, the anti-anthropocentric philosophy of Nick Land is discussed from the perspective of the concept of capital – capital becomes a philosophical problem. The origin of Land’s conception of capital as artificial intelligence alien to humanity is traced from the theory of libidinal materialism, the transcendental philosophy of Kant, and also from the historical and cultural background. The ideas of Deleuze and Guattari let Land think of capital as machinically and cybernetically accelerating techno-capital – Land’s intense relation to the process of acceleration is defined here as ecstasy. Also, the problematic interpretation of Deleuze and Guattari is noted, the processes of automatisation and autonomisation are considered, and Land’s teleological vision of technological singularity is criticised, especially from the point of the threats of the climate crisis. Here is shown that the philosophy of Land affectively follows the relevant and important tendencies of capitalism, but suffers from some inner contradictions and paradoxes, according to which we can reasonably doubt the philosopher’s ecstatic celebration of the abyss between capital and human subjectivity.

Is the ‘Technological Singularity Scenario’ Possible: Can AI Parallel and Surpass All Human Mental Capabilities?

This paper explores and discusses those human mental processes and capabilities which pose a serious challenge to the actualization of the Technological Singularity scenario. It posits that the contemporary human mind-intellect 1 and its further evolution is the main issue and not AI takeover. It elaborates some relatively less explored aspects of human mental architecture and functioning that defy emulation by AI. It introduces the concept of ‘integrated autonomous intellect’ as the future evolutionary stage of the human intellect. It opts for a positive vision of the harmonious collective future(s) of human mind-intellect and AI instead of the Technological Singularity scenario.