Singular Moment Research Articles

마주침의 사유, 동물-되기, 문학의 에피파니: 앨리스 먼로의 ｢남자아이와 여자아이｣

This essay examines how the narrator’s witnessing of Mack the horse’s slaughter, alongside her assistance in Flora’s escape from the same fate, reshapes her gender identity as a ‘girl’ in Alice Munro’s “Boys and Girls” through the lens of Gilles Deleuze’s concepts of ‘encounters in thought’ and ‘becoming-animal.’ According to Deleuze, thought is not re-cognition in the world of representation, but arises through an encounter that compels us to grasp the intensity of the object through the faculty of sensibility. Sensibility is then elevated to its highest potential (the nth power) through the transcendent exercise triggered by its own limitations, which is then transmitted to other faculties like memory, imagination, and ultimately, thought. Deleuze’s account of encounter offers a philosophical explanation for the nature of experience and thought unique to literature, as characters in literature often experience singular moments (intensity) and learn something significant and previously unknown (Idea) about themselves and the world. Munro’s story first presents ‘dark precursors’ to the narrator’s encounter, such as her intuitive awe toward animals and the molecular affect related to becoming-animal. When the narrator encounters Mack’s slaughter, she is drawn to think non-conceptually of the ‘Idea of life’—something that cannot be thought but must be thought—and is ultimately swept into becoming-animal by unconsciously helping Flora escape. Munro’s deliberate deviation from the conventional epiphanic conclusion highlights her caution against the transcendent or religious implications of epiphany, emphasizing instead a more immanent, transformative experience. The apparnetly bathetic ending subverts the traditional epiphany structure, but the story still captures the character’s growth and learning through the encounter and becoming, aligning with Deleuze’s philosophy of immanence and illustrating a form of immanent thinking unique to literature.

Nanoscale Methods for Longitudinal Extraction of Intracellular Contents.

Longitudinal analysis of intracellular contents including gene and protein expression is crucial for deciphering the fundamentally dynamic nature of cells. This offers invaluable insights into complex tissue composition and behavior, and drives progress in disease diagnosis, biomarker discovery, and drug development. Traditional longitudinal analysis workflows, involving the destruction of cells at various timepoints, limit insights to singular moments and fail to account for cellular heterogeneity. Current non-destructive approaches, like temporal modeling with single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq) and live-cell fluorescence imaging, either rely on biological assumptions or possess the risk of cellular perturbation. Recent advances in nanoscale technologies for non-destructive intracellular content extraction offer a promising solution to these challenges. These novel methods work at the nanoscale to non-destructively access cellular membranes and can be broadly classified into three mechanisms: tip-facilitated aspiration, membrane-based, and probe-based methods. This perspective focuses on these emerging nanotechnologies for repeated intracellular content extraction. Their potential in longitudinal analysis is discussed, the critical requirements for effective repeated sampling are addressed, and the suitability of each technique for various applications is explored. Furthermore, unresolved challenges in repeated sampling are highlighted to encourage further research in this growing field.

Mapping the Journey of (non-) Reporting in Response to Racism: A Change-oriented Approach to Reporting Barriers, Motives and Support Needs

ABSTRACT Governments and other agencies seeking to tackle racism have been calling for better empirical evidence, including complaint data based on reports by people who have experienced racism. This approach requires much of those who face racism, often while offering little effective support or redress for them. There is a need to understand reporting or not reporting experiences of racism as a result of a complex interplay between different factors – as a (non-) reporting journey, rather than as a singular moment of decision. Reporting is at risk of remaining an ineffective strategy for responding to racism where the reporting pathways and support services are not sufficiently aligned with the expectations and needs of those who experience racism. This article discusses the findings of three place-based community engagement and research projects across four local municipalities in Melbourne. The projects examined locally specific community perspectives and expectations in relation to reporting pathways and support services for those experiencing racism. The analysis of this community input resulted in anti-racism roadmaps specific for each local area, which were co-developed with local communities.

A Lasting Impression: Exploring the Meaningfulness of a Singular Moment.

How do we explore the meaning and meaningfulness of a singular event that lives on with us as a lasting impression? What are the initial beginnings and final endings of such living moments? How do we make sense of the significance of events that are so meaningful that they have become a lasting impression. This paper focuses on the phenomenology of such lasting impressions, by drawing on an exemplary anecdote about parental bereavement in newborn intensive care. The phenomenological intent is to determine the depth and magnitude of moments that as healthcare providers we may all too easily miss. As well, the methodological intent is to show how as researchers we can engage in a qualitative manner with empirically obtained experiential material.

PERFORMANCE OF PATERNITY: experiences of men with autistic children in youtube videos

Paternity is perceived as a singular moment in a man's life. Being the father of one or more children with autism results in particular experiences and varied repercussions in families, which requires the reconfiguration of roles, models and expectations. Effective participation in the care of autistic children is challenging for men as well. Thus, the objective was to understand the performance of paternity, the participation in the care of children and the construction of male identity, through the experiences reported by participants in video recordings published on Youtube. This is qualitative research, with a descriptive-exploratory objective, having as procedure the translation of already existing visual information. The data collection was carried out in September 2022, by selecting free and open access videos. Twenty-three videos were analyzed, separated into two groups, the first composed of 14 spontaneous reports, and the second composed of 9 interviews. The data analysis was carried out by thematic content. The results indicated that the men shared their personal experiences to support other people experiencing the same situations and reported emotions and feelings, the process from diagnosis to acceptance, the mutual learning during the care of their children and the importance of support, including spiritual support. It was concluded that men associated the responsibility for the care of their children with the exercise of paternity and male identity and that social networks can help in the dissemination of information, in reducing prejudice and increasing the participation of fathers.

Reimagining antiracist possibilities of single-visit art museum field trips after the COVID-19 pause

Although the single-visit field trip has long been the most common program museums offer to K-12 students and can provide opportunities for the meaningful development of critical thinking skills, findings from a participatory action research (PAR) study on Whiteness in museum education indicate that single visit field trips may not be conducive to – and may even actively undermine – teaching antiracism. This tension has only become exacerbated in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, which laid bare systemic racial inequities, including national and global health infrastructures. These disruptions to the museum teaching status quo call for a renewed commitment to and effective implementation of antiracist museum education. Antiracist pedagogy relies on the development of trust and relationships among educators and participants, whereas the single visit field trip, by contrast, is usually a singular moment within a child’s overall education. If museums truly seek to contribute to antiracist (un)learning among their visitors, they should reconsider priorities for single-visit field trips. Museums must align these findings with what is logistically possible and/or necessary, and implement more sustained engagement strategies to support antiracist learning objectives, such as strengthening partnerships with classroom educators, maintaining small group sizes, and/or restructuring to a multi-visit field trip approach.

“Something has to change”

“Something has to change”

The lyricism of revolution: A choreographic analysis of the 2003 and 2014 protests in Hong Kong

Through the 2003 and 2014 protests in Hong Kong, this paper proposes using choreographic analysis for the study of social movements in terms of corporal movements. By looking at the organization of actions and creation of postures and gestures and all the movements driven by the mental force lyricism, choreographic analysis seeks to identify and articulate the infinite potential, realized and not, revealed in a revolution, that marks the latter as a singular moment of eternity that produces new thoughts. As the case of Hong Kong shows in the light of this method, the site of radical politics locates in the persisting colonial alienation that separates the people from the authority.

A Crooked Mark by Linda Kao

Reviewed by: A Crooked Mark by Linda Kao Kate Quealy-Gainer Kao, Linda A Crooked Mark. Razorbill, 2023 [368p] Trade ed. ISBN 9780593527573 $19.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9780593527580 $10.99 Reviewed from digital galleys R Gr. 7-10 Matt's seventeenth birthday present from his father might seem like an odd one, but it's something Matt's been working toward (if reluctantly) for years: the opportunity to do a solo mission for the Second Sweep, an organization that hunts down people who have survived fatal accidents by what may seem to be random luck but is really the help of Lucifer. The Marked are unaware of the Devil's assistance but are soon overcome by evil, hurting and killing people in their lives, unless the Sweep steps in first to dispatch them. The Sweep's latest target is sixteen-year-old Rachel Winter, who walked away with no more than a scratch from the car accident that killed her father. Matt is tasked with infiltrating her high school and befriending her to see how powerful the Mark has gotten; what he finds instead is a grieving girl and a family nearly destroyed by the death of her father. Still, strange things begin to befall people Rachel doesn't like—her track rival hurts her ankle, for example—and Matt needs to come to terms with potentially eliminating Rachel and the danger she poses. Matt's voice is raw and chaotic, revealing his self-doubt, frustration, wide-eyed innocence (he's never been in school before much less had friends), [End Page 292] and confusion with an authentic messiness. Matt only really knows of the Sweep through his father, so as he begins to question the existence of the organization at all, his perception of events becomes increasingly blurry, and readers too begin to wonder not only about Matt's reliability as a narrator but the reliability of anyone around him. The conclusion doesn't offer any complete answers, only a reminder that justice to some looks an awful lot like vengeance, and that people are rarely made up of just a singular moment of their lives but rather a mess of good and bad choices. Copyright © 2023 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Two more Firmans on the Reorganisation of the Ottoman Postal System (1101/1690 and 1209/1794) •

The present article publishes the texts and translations of two firmans of Süleyman II (1101/1690) and Selim III (1209/1794) that were taken from copies in the kadi registers (sicil) of Amasya and Damascus. They concerned the reform of the Ottoman courier and post-station (ulaḳ / menzilḫāne) network with regard to the Anatolian routes. In contrast to the wide-ranging reforms featured by two other firmans (1108/1696) that Colin Heywood translated in this journal in 2001, these firman texts feature small-scale, targeted reforms. Read together, these firmans shift our understanding of reform away from singular moments of intervention towards a longer-term, incremental model of maintenance.

The Work of a Moment: When Jane Austen Stops Time

This essay examines Jane Austen’s occasional but potent attention to singular moments that seem to stand outside of the usual flow of time. Signaled by her use of phrases such as ‘the work of a moment’ or ‘the work of an instant’, these momentous moments gain resonance when studied against the backdrop of Austen’s nuanced attention to temporal representation in narrative and to the temporal dimensions of human experience. The essay argues that Austen’s momentous moments ultimately function as a crucial dimension of what Amit Yahav in Feeling Time designates the ‘sensibility chronotope’, a perspective that asserts primacy over chronometry and chronology. Attending to these moments in the fiction further enables us to assess Austen’s contribution to what would later become a distinctive feature of the nineteenth-century realist novel, the preoccupation with roads not taken and ‘lives unled’, as Andrew Miller argues in On Not Being Someone Else: Tales of Our Unled Lives.

Demanding The Impossible: Scales of Apocalypse and Abolition Time in N. K. Jemisin's Broken Earth

Demanding The Impossible:Scales of Apocalypse and Abolition Time in N. K. Jemisin's Broken Earth Jesse A. Goldberg (bio) As writer and educator Erica Meiners suggests: "Liberation under oppression is unthinkable by design." It's time for a jailbreak of the imagination in order to make the impossible possible. —Mariame Kaba1 This is what you must remember: the ending of one story is just the beginning of another. This has happened before, after all. People die. Old orders pass. New societies are born. When we say "the world has ended," it's usually a lie, because the planet is just fine. —N. K. Jemisin2 The prologue of The Fifth Season, the first novel in N. K. JEMISIN'S Broken Earth trilogy, begins with the end of the world. Or, to be more accurate, it invokes "the end of the world" across repetition and revision through shifting frameworks of scale. "Let's start with the end of the world, why don't we?" the unnamed narrator asks. The reader then encounters multiple endings. First, the reader [End Page 625] witnesses a woman's world end when she sees her dead son, obviously killed by her husband. Next, they witness an unnamed man wielding unfathomable power literally crack the earth's surface. Then the narrative gaze scans upward, from ground to sky, only to be brought crashing back down to revisit the first ending and introduce the protagonist Essun's name. This repetition and revision of the world's end establishes apocalypse as a governing logic of the ensuing narrative economy and as a concept mappable across shifting scales of time and space. There is more than one world in/on the planet, and these worlds happen at different scales of time and space, including the individual body and personal lifespan, the borders of nations and empires and the historical time of Civilization, and the epochal scale of geologic, planetary time. And yet, these worlds overlap, such that apocalypse becomes at once "relative," because it happens to different worlds at different scales, and paradigmatic, because if you place these many scales appositionally you are faced with CHRISTINA SHARPE'S question about catastrophe: "How, after all, to split time?"3 Through shifting scales, The Fifth Season's prologue opens the "event" of apocalypse to unbounded time; that is, it eschews framing the end of the world as a singular moment with a discernible beginning and ending. This essay examines how this opening of apocalypse beyond bounded event-time through such shifting scales orients Broken Earth within what I call "abolition time" and thereby trains readers toward abolitionist thought through the literary emplotment of apocalyptic imagination. I understand abolition as a long tradition of liberatory work grounded in Black radical thought and resistance from the eras of chattel slavery to the present, and here I focus on how abolitionist thought is a kind of apocalypticism. Whether it be the Christian rhetoric of David Walker's Appeal, Angela Davis's imperative to "act as if it were possible to radically [End Page 626] transform the world," or George Jackson's fiery demand for the dissolution of the entire regime of property itself in Blood in my Eye, the abolitionist project carries the demand to, in Ruth Wilson Gilmore's words, "change everything."4 What Mariame Kaba calls "the horizon of abolition" requires a "jailbreak of the imagination in order to make the impossible possible."5 It envisions a world where carceral regimes of violence and control are rendered obsolete by networks of care and accountability currently unimaginable within the horizon of the law's imagination of retributive justice.6 Abolition is thus a refusal of inherited terms of the possible and a demand for the impossible: to bring a different world into being. In this way, it is both a utopian and a world-ending project. And since, as Sami Schalk writes, speculative fiction can "open up for us new ways of being in the world that may not yet exist, but could," I follow her lead here to ask what Jemisin's Afrofuturist novels can open up for us as we jailbreak our imaginations.7 Broken Earth tells its story through...

Training naive subjects in using micro-phenomenological self-inquiry to investigate pain and suffering during headaches.

Micro-phenomenology is a method that generates rich and reliable reports of singular experiences in their pre-reflective dimension. Usually it is employed using a second-person interviewer. In this study we attempted to train naïve subjects in using self-inquiry version of the method. 13 subjects met twice over the course of one week, investigating their experiences of headaches, looking specifically into the pain experience itself, the experience of suffering, and the experience of absence of suffering. The analysis showed that the subject reports increase the richness of description, measured by the increase in the amount of categories described and the number of words needed to give an on target description. The analysis, informed by the participant's ideas, showed that it was possible to distinguish the experience of pain from the experience of suffering. We compare the analysis to other phenomenological studies of headaches. This reveals the strength and weakness of the micro-phenomenological method: By de-focusing on contextual factors it enables in-depth descriptions of singular moments of experience, but the bracketing of interpretations may result in overlooking overarching meaning dimensions. We conclude that micro-phenomenological self-inquiry may potentially be employed successfully in a clinical setting with initially untrained subjects for describing certain kinds of experiences and answering complex phenomenological questions.

Beyond ‘do no harm’? On the need for a dynamic approach to research ethics

AbstractDespite ongoing critical engagements with the remit and functioning of research ethics boards and review processes – not least in the limitations of transposing medico‐scientific ethics approaches to the social sciences – the need for ethical practice in research is well established and accepted. Consequently, we see the ubiquitous requirement for academic social science research – whether by an undergraduate student, a PhD candidate, or an established professor – to undergo ethical review. Despite (or perhaps because of) this ubiquity in expectation, engagement with research ethics often remains perfunctory, formulaic, and procedural. Too often research ethics is reduced to a bureaucratic hurdle, a singular moment of approval that overlooks the dynamic, messy, and complex realities of the research journey. Moreover, this reductionist approach to research ethics is often replicated in teaching and training and reinforced as review duties are subsumed into the general administrative burden of academic life. How, then, might we move beyond the procedural and static to a substantive and dynamic research ethics process? Building on existing debates, we set out a number of possible strategies for realising this aim – not only in individual practice but linked to institutional processes in the set‐up and management of ethics review, and opportunities for promoting the teaching of research ethics in a dynamic manner.

Virtual Subjects, Fugitive Selves: Fernando Pessoa and his Philosophy by Jonardon Ganeri

Reviewed by: Virtual Subjects, Fugitive Selves: Fernando Pessoa and his Philosophy by Jonardon Ganeri Paulo de Medeiros Virtual Subjects, Fugitive Selves: Fernando Pessoa and his Philosophy. By Jonardon Ganeri. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2021. xii+165 pp. £55. ISBN 978-0-29-886468-4. Jonardon Ganeri's book opens with a bold claim: 'Fernando Pessoa's invention of the heteronym represents a singular moment in the history of subjectivity' (p. 1). A compelling and grandiose promise, designed to whet the reader's appetite, does not disappoint: from beginning to end, the multitude of brief chapters—nineteen alongside a Preamble and Postscript—link Pessoa to an array of philosophical concepts and thinkers. The book is replete with insights and original suggestions for even the most seasoned of Pessoa scholars, while the clear and accessible style will retain appeal for the more general reader. Erudite without ever retreating into unnecessary obscurity, Ganeri marshals point upon point and shows a detailed, specialized knowledge not only of various strands of philosophy, but also of the intricacies of Pessoa studies. Exemplary referencing showcases an ability to combine originality with intellectual generosity. The end result is a landmark study, refreshingly free of the usual pieties, conscious of the most recent developments, and with the potential to galvanize the field of Pessoa studies. The book's title is as distinctive as it is memorable. Ganeri takes the notion of 'virtual subject' beyond the usual sense, be it in reference to Pessoa's heteronyms, or [End Page 306] the author's intense exploration of 'virtual' realities, dream images, and mindscapes. Indeed, for Ganeri '[v]irtual subjects are metaphysically dependent on landscapes of presence; they are not metaphysically "distinct" from "awareness-space"' (p. 92). Contrasting Pessoa's 'heteronymic philosophy of self' with both Cartesian and Humean figurations of the self, Ganeri credits the Portuguese author with having developed a unique phenomenological approach to the principle of selfhood. Construing Pessoa as a philosopher—and not just as one of the great modernist writers—is hardly a new claim. Even if Ganeri does not refer to them, Alain Badiou, Judith Balso, and José Gil have long established that Pessoa's thought singles him out even among other celebrated modernists. But it is Ganeri's notion of a 'fugitive self' that is arguably more intriguing and holds more potential. Ganeri cites a poem by Pessoa dated 5 April 1934 that starts with the line 'Sou um evadido' ('I'm a fugitive' in Richard Zenith's apt translation). This is clearly not the same poem as the rightly celebrated 'Autopsicografia' ('O poeta é um fingidor' ('The poet is a faker')), so the author's use of that title to refer to the poem he cites is somewhat confusing. Leaving such details aside, the key insight is Ganeri's notion that a 'fugitive self', a self that can never be at peace with itself, can be employed to transcend a philosophical reading of Pessoa to develop a Pessoan reading of cosmopolitan philosophy. The Postscript leaves no room for doubt as regards the esteem in which the author holds Pessoa. For Ganeri, Pessoa's 'first-personal "meditations" went much further than those of Descartes' and '[h]is phenomenology [was] much more poetic than that of the prosaic Husserl' (p. 150). But the prose never lapses into simplistic hagiography. Ganeri is open to criticisms and also notes, for example, that, though 'Pessoa believed himself to be exploring the outer reaches of experiential possibility [...] he did not consider the possibility of nested and circular heteronymy, nor that of uncentred minds, nor the implications of total sensory deprivation. Nor did he fully explore the idea that we might all be heteronyms of some single cosmic self' (p. 150). A partial explanation might be sought in Pessoa's suspicions concerning any form of transcendence and metaphysics unless grounded in sensual empiricism. In any case, it serves as a useful reminder that Pessoa had a prodigious and progressive mind—not only in relation to contemporaries in Portugal, but also as regards general tendencies in twentieth-century thought (with its finest illustration arguably in his Book of Disquiet)—but that he hardly exhausted the human possibilities for expanding our mental...

After Care

After Care

A pause in time: history writers and the regicide of Charles I

Abstract The unprecedented trial and execution of Charles I left a nation aghast and bewildered. This article examines how the English reacted to such a disruptive event, namely how the regicide changed ideas of time and the future. Using a diachronic approach, this article examines the work of three history writers and the temporalities embedded within their narratives. Recognizing the significance of the regicide as a singular moment in time, these writers adapted their work to incorporate a sense of changed times. By envisioning futures in their texts, these histories informed but also circumscribed the world views of their readers.

Memory Novels as Lieux De Mémoire

As the deferral nature of history denies one monolithic objective truth, it is through “cultural memory” that one weaves together various fragments of a singular moment called “past”, which is again reinterpreted and represented through various mediums. Contemporary Naga literature in English traces the trajectory of Naga history, both of the colonial and the postcolonial period, in association with the Naga knowledge system and lived-through experiences of the ordinary indigenous people. Easterine Kire’s novels Mari (2010) and A Respectable Woman (2019) are such accounts where the historical event of the Battle of Kohima (1944) is reconstructed through the memories of the people surviving through the war. This essay would call these novels “memory novels”, which strategically localize the cultural past for Naga posterity and resist the nation’s stereotypical contesting memories.

A “Common Spectacle” of the Race: Garveyism’s Visual Politics of Founding

The questions of what makes a people a people and how they are endowed with political power are central to political founding. Through the Universal Negro Improvement Association’s first annual convention, this essay reconstructs the central role of aesthetic practices to the constitution of a new people. The convention’s spectacular performances were a vehicle through which participants came to understand themselves as constituting the Universal Negro—a transnational and empowered political subject. Founding was tied to the development of “reverential self-regard,” which was a process rather than a singular moment. Central to this process was both the gaze of spectators whose affective responses confirmed the power of the people and the political leader who served as the people’s mirror. Focusing on a mass movement rather than canonical instances of constituting republics brings into sharp relief the reiterative labors of staging, enacting, and viewing necessary to the practice of founding.

Theorising tourism in crisis: Writing and relating in place

Recent headline events – most notably the COVID-19 pandemic – have illustrated the fragility of tourism capitalism, prompting forward-looking analyses among critical scholars. While grappling with political and philosophical implications, commentaries have tended towards the prescriptive and general: contemplating the collapse of tourism as-we-know-it, and foregrounding opportunities to reconstitute more sustainable, resilient and inclusive forms of tourism. Heeding Haraway’s call to ‘stay with the trouble’, I briefly outline three sympathetic critiques, integrating insights from more-than-human theory, disaster studies and climate change adaptation literatures. First, I unsettle temporalities of disruption and change that emphasise singular moments, such as lockdowns, rather than multiple temporalities of vulnerability and resilience. Second, a lurking species exceptionalism, which positions humans as the locus of agency, is contrasted with nonhuman capacities to shape unfurling events. Third, speculations on tourism’s future that rest on normative categories, disembodied from lived experience, are contrasted with First Nations ontologies, and the messiness of tourism’s relatings in place. Theorising tourism, within and beyond crisis, must evolve iteratively from the ethnographic. To illustrate, I ‘write from’ the east coast of Australia, where an otherwise steady-growth tourism economy has experienced profound disruption in 2020, not just from coronavirus-related travel restrictions, but from climate-change-amplified catastrophic bushfires. From this vantage point, multiple traumas refract tourism industry responses, while hope commingles with caution, tempering strident proclamations on the future. The nonhuman, political-economic, and emotional are inextricably entwined in the fabric of tourism. The fraught navigation of lived (more-than-human) experience must figure more prominently in our scholarly reckonings.