Single Nanofluids Research Articles

Energy and exergy assessment of a photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) system cooled by single and hybrid nanofluids

Photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) concept is a novel methodology to lower the PV module temperature and consecutively produce thermal and electrical energies. This study assesses the thermal and electrical advancements of a PVT system using iron oxide (Fe2O3) single nanofluid and titanium oxide-iron oxide (TiO2-Fe2O3) hybrid nanofluid at 0.2 % and 0.3 % concentrations. The PVT energy and exergy efficiencies were presented and analyzed concerning the effect of proposed single and hybrid nanofluids. Study findings disclosed that dispersing 0.3% of TiO2- Fe2O3 nanocomposites into water has enhanced the nanofluid thermal conductivity, improving the Nusselt number by 90.64 %, while Fe2O3 nanoparticles achieved 31.75 %. Furthermore, employing TiO2- Fe2O3-based nanofluid at 0.3 % has enhanced the PVT electrical efficiency by 13 % and, thermal efficiency by 44 % compared to Fe2O3-based nanofluid, which exhibited 12 %, and 33 %, respectively. Besides, the PVT electrical exergy efficiency was augmented by about 13 % using TiO2-Fe2O3-based hybrid nanofluid, against 11 % using Fe2O3 nanofluid. Reversely, the pressure drop was increased by a maximum of 62.9% when TiO2- Fe2O3 was applied due to the raised nanofluid density compared to the reference base fluid. Conclusively, hybrid nanofluid has a superior influence on the PVT performance than single nanofluids. However, further investigations are required to explore cost-effective hybrid nanofluids with a low pressure drop.

Effect of hBN/MoS2 hybrid nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication on the cutting performance of self-lubricating ceramic tools when machining AISI 4340

Difficult-to-machine materials have consistently limited the improvement of machining efficiency. To address this challenge, this study proposes a strategy of combining Al2O3/SiC/G self-lubricating ceramic tools with hBN/MoS2 hybrid nanofluids. The experiment evaluates the ratio and concentration of the hBN/MoS2 hybrid nanofluid based on cutting forces, friction coefficients, cutting temperatures, surface roughness, and tool wear. Results show that better lubrication is achieved by hBN/MoS2 hybrid nanofluids compared to single nanofluids. The optimal hBN/MoS2 mixing ratio and nanofluid concentration are 2:1 and 1.5 wt%, respectively. Finally, the cutting lubrication mechanism and the synergistic mechanism of self-lubricating ceramic tools with hybrid nanofluids were proposed.

Significance of tri‐hybrid nanoparticles on the dynamics of Ellis rotating nanofluid with thermal stratification

AbstractThe fluids flow containing nano size particles is essential in industrial applications, especially in nuclear cooling system and nuclear reactor to increase the energy performance. In connection to this, a trihybrid Ellis rotating nanofluid flow through a stretching surface for increasing the heat transportation is presented. By suspending three different types of nano size particles the trihybrid nanofluid is formed with distinct chemical and physical connection into base liquid. In this article, the nano size particles , and are mixed in (water). This type of mixture helps in degradation of noxious substances, cleaning environmental and many other appliances that requires the cooling effect. In addition, the linear thermal radiation is also considered. The governing equations of the flow and fluid temperature are minimized to ordinary differential equations and these equations are solved by Runge Kutta order fourth (RK45) approach. The approximate results are analyzed via graphs and the results reveal that thermal conductivity of trihybrid nano type fluid is more valuable as compared to hybrid and single nanofluid. Higher values of magnetic and rotational parameter have aggrandized the fluid temperature and opposite trend has observed for Ellis and thermal stratification parameter. Moreover, the results are compared with previous literature and found an excellent agreement.

Investigating the convective flow of ternary hybrid nanofluids and single nanofluids around a stretched cylinder: Parameter analysis and performance enhancement

Within this research, we examined the convective flow of a blend of ternary hybrid nanofluids and single nanofluids with a stagnation point caused by a stretched cylinder. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of using a ternary hybrid nanofluid instead of a single nanofluid. Water is used as the base fluid in this investigation. The single nanofluid is made of copper and the ternary hybrid nanofluid is made of Molybdenum disulfide, copper, and silver. The impact of the curvature parameter, nanoparticle volume fraction, mixed convection parameter, velocity ratio, shape factor, conjugate number and Eckert number parameters on temperature and velocity profiles has been investigated. Differential equations with partial derivatives were transformed to equations of ordinary differential type. The ODEs were then solved using the RK5th method. The ternary hybrid nanofluid has greater advantages than the single nanofluid and enhances the velocity and temperature compared to the single nanofluid, according to this study. Furthermore, the results showed that when curvature parameter, volume fraction and shape factor improved, so did the velocity and temperature profile. The results showed that moving from a single nanofluid to a ternary hybrid nanofluid at shape factor equal to 16.2 (Lamina) boosts the velocity by 20 %. Also, in Eckert number equal to 0.45, and substituting the ternary hybrid nanofluid boosts the temperature tenfold.

Irreversibility analysis of Darcy-Forchheimer flow of a Williamson hybrid nanofluids near a stagnation-point across a vertical plate with buoyancy force

PurposeA novel type of heat transfer fluid known as hybrid nanofluids is used to improve the efficiency of heat exchangers. It is observed from literature evidence that hybrid nanofluids outperform single nanofluids in terms of thermal performance. This study aims to address the stagnation point flow induced by Williamson hybrid nanofluids across a vertical plate. This fluid is drenched under the influence of mixed convection in a Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium with heat source/sink and entropy generation.Design/methodology/approachBy applying the proper similarity transformation, the partial differential equations that represent the leading model of the flow problem are reduced to ordinary differential equations. For the boundary value problem of the fourth-order code (bvp4c), a built-in MATLAB finite difference code is used to tackle the flow problem and carry out the dual numerical solutions.FindingsThe shear stress decreases, but the rate of heat transfer increases because of their greater influence on the permeability parameter and Weissenberg number for both solutions. The ability of hybrid nanofluids to strengthen heat transfer with the incorporation of a porous medium is demonstrated in this study.Practical implicationsThe findings may be highly beneficial in raising the energy efficiency of thermal systems.Originality/valueThe originality of the research lies in the investigation of the Darcy–Forchheimer stagnation point flow of a Williamson hybrid nanofluid across a vertical plate, considering buoyancy forces, which introduces another layer of complexity to the flow problem. This aspect has not been extensively studied before. The results are verified and offer a very favorable balance with the acknowledged papers.

Experimental Analysis of Nanofluids in PEMFC Cooling Plate Integrated with Thermoelectric Generator

A thermoelectric generator (TEG) is considered a feasible option to recover waste heat from a Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) into electrical energy. However, its application is limited due to its low efficiency. Meanwhile, nanofluids have emerged as an alternative coolant in heat transfer due to their superior thermal conductivity characteristics. Thus, this study aims to improve the efficiency of the TEG using nanofluids. The experimental study was conducted on a test bench that coupled a PEMFC cooling plate and TEG which was subjected to a 0.5% volume concentration of 𝐴𝑙2𝑂3∶𝑆𝑖𝑂2 hybrid nanofluids at a flow rate of Re 300 to 1000. The mixture ratio of 𝐴𝑙2𝑂3∶𝑆𝑖𝑂2 hybrid nanofluids studied was 10:90 ratio, single nanofluids of 𝐴𝑙2𝑂3 and 𝑆𝑖𝑂2 and also the base fluid of water. Upon completion, the improvement in power output due to an improved temperature difference of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) is observed. The highest TEG performance was shown by hybrid nanofluids of 10:90 (𝐴𝑙2𝑂3∶𝑆𝑖𝑂2) with a 17% improvement as compared to the base fluid of water. This is due to the bigger temperature difference which is caused by better thermal conductivity of hybrid nanofluids as compared to the base fluid.

Thermal-hydraulic performance and flow phenomenon evaluation of a curved trapezoidal corrugated channel with E-shaped baffles implementing hybrid nanofluid

A numerical investigation of a curved trapezoidal-corrugated channel with E-shaped baffles is conducted for thermal-hydraulic performance and flow behavior involving the use of single and hybrid nanofluids. This investigation introduces a unique integrated methodology for enhancing heat transfer efficiency by simultaneously combining geometric modifications and optimizing coolant utilization. To simulate turbulent, single-phase flow in three-dimensional corrugated channels, a computational model has been developed. The model considers a Reynolds number (Re) range of 5 × 103≤Re ≤ 35 × 103 and implies a uniform heat flux of 1000 W/m2. A commercial software, Ansys fluent was used in order to simulate the fluid flow by setting the inlet temperature at 300 K and velocity according to the Reynolds number. The continuity equation, momentum equation, and energy equations are discretized using a second-order upwind method. The equation's residual has been assigned a value of 1 × 106 for absolute criteria. The study evaluates the thermal-hydraulic performance of single nanofluids (Al2O3/water, CuO/water, SiO2/water) and hybrid nanofluids (Al2O3–Cu/water, TiO2–SiO2/EG-water) at varying volume fractions (1%≤φ ≤ 5%). Additionally, the investigation examines the effects of corrugations, baffles, and geometric parameter: blockage ratio (BR = 0.10, 0.15, 0.25). The findings demonstrate that the effects of baffles and corrugations can lead to the creation of vortex flow and greater turbulence, which can promote heat transfer enhancement. Various nanofluids demonstrated a significant rise in the Nusselt number, ranging from 35% to 60%, when compared to water in a curved corrugated channel. Additionally, a lower BR resulted in a smaller but still notable gain of 15%–19%. An effective heat exchanger that results in a significant energy dissipation is measured by the energy ratio (ER). The use of corrugated channels with narrow baffles has been found to consistently outperform smooth channels in terms of thermo-hydraulic parameters, leading to enhanced heat transfer. Using BR = 0.10 over 0.25 resulted in an increase in ΔP, HTC, and ER of 48.44%, 18.71%, and 45.86%, respectively. The implementation of a hybrid nanofluid consisting of 1% (20% TiO2-80% SiO2)/(60% Water-40% EG) volume fraction in a curved corrugated channel with baffles resulted in a significant improvement of 36.49% in thermal performance. This finding suggests that the aforementioned nanofluid composition and design parameter, characterized by a blockage ratio of 0.10, are the most effective in enhancing thermal performance.

Boundary Layer Stagnation Point Flow and Heat Transfer over a Nonlinear Stretching/Shrinking Sheet in Hybrid Carbon Nanotubes: Numerical Analysis and Response Surface Methodology under the Influence of Magnetohydrodynamics

The present study aims to offer new numerical solutions and optimisation strategies for the fluid flow and heat transfer behaviour at a stagnation point through a nonlinear sheet that is expanding or contracting in water-based hybrid nanofluids. Most hybrid nanofluids typically use metallic nanoparticles. However, we deliver a new approach by combining single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs-MWCNTs). The flow is presumptively steady, laminar, and surrounded by a constant temperature of the ambient and body walls. By using similarity variables, a model of partial differential equations (PDEs) with the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) effect on the momentum equation is converted into a model of non-dimensional ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Then, the dimensionless first-order ODEs are solved numerically using the MATLAB R2022b bvp4C program. In order to explore the range of computational solutions and physical quantities, several dimensionless variables are manipulated, including the magnetic parameter, the stretching/shrinking parameter, and the volume fraction parameters of hybrid and mono carbon nanotubes. To enhance the originality and effectiveness of this study for practical applications, we optimise the heat transfer coefficient via the response surface methodology (RSM). We apply a face-centred central composite design (CCF) and perform the CCF using Minitab. All of our findings are presented and illustrated in tabular and graphic form. We have made notable contributions in the disciplines of mathematical analysis and fluid dynamics. From our observations, we find that multiple solutions appear when the magnetic parameter is less than 1. We also detect double solutions in the shrinking region. Furthermore, the increase in the magnetic parameter and SWCNTs-MWCNTs volume fraction parameter increases both the skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number. To compare the performance of hybrid nanofluids and mono nanofluids, we note that hybrid nanofluids work better than single nanofluids both in skin friction and heat transfer coefficients.

Multi-parameter study and two-step optimization of the nanofluid-filtered photovoltaic/thermal systems

Optimizing nanofluid filters and operational parameters is instrumental in enhancing the performance of nanofluid-filtered photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems. However, studies on optimization of nanofluid-filtered PV/T systems have not yet been thoroughly explored. This work aims to optimize performance of nanofluid-filtered PV/T systems through a two-step procedure. Various scenarios of nanofluids tailored for specific solar cells were considered, and optimization was conducted based on the merit function (MF) to identify the most effective nanofluid filters parameters. The results showed that the optimization program tends to achieve satisfactory photovoltaic efficiency by combing a low nanoparticle concentration with a high optical path. A numerical model of the PV/T system was then developed to obtain the constraints of the operating parameters, which are used to optimize the system energy efficiency and exergy efficiency by genetic algorithm. The results demonstrated all systems present the satisfactory energy efficiency (>84 %) and exergy efficiency (>23 %). Specifically, the blended nanofluid-filtered PVSC-system achieved the highest energy efficiency of 89.45 %, while the GaAs-system with a single nanofluid filter attained the highest exergy efficiency of 27.90 %. This work contributes to advancing solar-to-PV/T efficiency, confirming the viability of blended nanofluid filters, and offering valuable insights for the development of nanofluid optical filters.

Heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids in a four-blade LPD static mixer

The heat transfer performance of nanofluids within a four-bladed LPD static mixer was investigated using a combination of experiments and simulations under constant heat flow boundary conditions with Re ranging from 3519 to 16719. Al2O3-H2O nanofluid with volume fraction φ = 0.3 % was prepared experimentally and the stability of the nanofluid was analyzed by settling observation method and Dynamic light scattering (DLS). Numerical simulations were adopted to analyze the effects of nanoparticle types, volume fractions and types of mixing nanofluids on the heat transfer enhancement inside the four-bladed LPD static mixer. The results show that the maximum error of Nusselt number (Nu) between the predicted values of Mixture model and experimental values was 7.39 %. Because of the combined heat transfer performance coefficient PEC more than 1 with the increasing of Re, the mixers with α = 30° and β = 45° instead of KSM could be recommended when Re > 5279. The PEC of Al2O3-H2O nanofluids gradually increases with the increasing φ. At the same Re and φ, the flied synergy number Fc and PEC of the mixed nanofluids are 1.01–1.47 times and 1.15–3.35 times higher than those of the single nanofluids.

A nanofluid-based hybrid photovoltaic-thermal -thermoelectric generator system for combined heat and power applications

This study investigates the use of nanofluid-cooled Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs) integrated with a Photovoltaic (PV) panel to enhance the overall energy efficiency of the system. Three cooling fluids — Water (W), CuO/W single Nanofluid (NF), and CuO-Fe/W hybrid NF — are examined at various flow rates for cooling the PV panel. The research studies the PVT-TEG-NF system considering both normal and concentrated solar irradiation in a 3D parallelly-cooled heat sink setup and comparing its electrical and thermal performance, which has not been previously addressed in the literature. The results demonstrate that by utilizing CuO-Fe/W, the PV temperature at irradiation of 935 W/m2 in the summer can be maintained at 31.7 °C, which is 8.8 % and 13 % lower than those achieved by using CuO/W and water, respectively. For 0.08 m/s of CuO-Fe/W inlet velocity, the total output power PV-TEG is about 9.5 W, with a heat removal rate of ∼37.2 W. Additionally, by utilizing the CuO-Fe/W compared to water, the combined efficiency of the system (the ratio of electrical and thermal power output to solar input) increases from 66.7 % to 76.7 %. In the second part, the study introduces a new approach to maintain a steady PV efficiency while increasing solar concentration by adjusting the cooling fluid flow rate. By increasing solar concentration from 1.5 suns to 2.5 suns, the PV temperatures could be maintained at 44.5 °C and 51.5 °C using CuO-Fe/W and water with 0.12 m/s of inlet velocity, respectively. This made it possible to enhance the power output of the PV and TEGs by 65.9 % and 187 %, respectively, by using CuO-Fe/W as coolant, while the temperature of the panel could be maintained at a safe level.

Forced convection analysis of Williamson-based magnetized hybrid nanofluid flow through a porous medium: Nonsimilar modeling

The purpose of this work is to analyze the convective horizontal flow of Williamson-based magnetized hybrid nanofluid. The flow of Williamson fluid with heat transfer is stimulated in a porous media over a stretching surface. Two different type of nanoparticles such as, molybdenum disulfide ( Mo S 2 ) and copper (Cu) with engine oil (Eo) as base fluid are considered in this work. The convective flow of Williamson fluid is inspected based on Khanefer model. The governing system is transformed into nondimensionalized partial differential equations (PDE’s) by utilizing nonsimilar transformation. The transformed system is analytically approximated using local nonsimilarity (LNS) and perturbation approach which approximate the nondimensional PDE’s by nondimensional ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The LNS and perturbation ODEs are simulated utilizing finite difference-based algorithm bvp4c. The outcomes of simulation for heat transfer and convective flow over stretching surface incorporating the evolvement with local Nusselt number (Nu) for distinct values of prandtl number are compared with previous published numerical results. The appropriate range of governing nondimensionalized parameters is evaluated to detect the variance of physical quantities namely, velocity ( f ′ ( η ) ) of the fluid, temperature ( θ ′ ( η ) ) of the fluid, co-efficient of local Nusselt number (Nu) and co-efficient of local skin friction (Cf). The percentage difference between single nano-fluid and hybrid nano-fluids is made which are given in tabular form. To the best of author knowledge, nonosimilar study of hybrid-based magnetized Williamson nanofluid is not yet investigated. This work is anticipated to offer crucial information for the implementation of innovative heat transfer devices in the future and serve as an invaluable resource for researchers looking at the flow of nanofluids under various assumptions.

CFD Study on Heat Transfer in Hybrid Nanofluid with Coil Controller in Double Tube Heat Exchanger

Abstract: Heat exchanger that heats up to two or more processing fluids. Heat exchangers have a range of domestic and commercial applications. Use in steam plants, manufacturing plants, heat and air conditioning facilities, transportation, and cooling systems. Through analysis, Ordinarily, the presence of Cu+Al2O3 nanoparticles in the base fluid increases the properties of convective heat transfer and is thus more efficient than Al2O3 nanoparticles (at a steady concentration of volume). The findings revealed that the average heat transfer coefficient increases in line with the Reynolds number. Analysis has shown that the average thermal transfer coefficient value for hybrid nanofluid is 12 percent greater than the average for a single nanofluid. In the case of hybrid nanofluid compared to Mono nanofluid, the value of Nusselt is 18 per cent higher.

The Mixed of Hybrid Nanofluid GO-MoS2/Engine Oil Over a Shrinking Sheet with Mass Flux Effect: Reiner-Philippoff Model

The mixed convection flow and heat transfer of the hybrid nanofluid over a shrinking sheet are investigated. Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) and graphene oxide (GO) are employed as two hybrid nanoparticles while engine oil (EO) as the base fluid is considered. In this study, the Reiner-Philippoff model as one of non-Newtonian types is deliberated since it has the ability to function on three distinct types of fluids: viscous, shear thickening and shear thinning. The Reiner-Philippoff relation, the momentum and energy equations under Tiwari and Das model are all employed in the study. Influences from mass flux are also considered in the flow. Before computation using the bvp4c function in MATLAB, the respected equations are first converted into ordinary differential equation form using the similarity transformation. When the established and current models are discovered to be identical in a specific case, a direct comparative investigation is conducted to confirm the correctness of the current model. In addition, the present results are shown graphically and in tabular form. It is hypothesized that the presence of a hybrid nanofluid significantly affects the fluid characteristic and gives more satisfactory results than a single nanofluid. The skin friction coefficient and heat transfer rate of hybrid nanofluids are greater than the nanofluids. In terms of velocity and temperature profile, the reduction in velocity and the enhancement in temperature profile are caused by a rise in the Reiner-Philippoff parameter. The same outcome is also seen when the volume fraction of hybrid nanofluids increases.

Nanofluids as a coolant for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: Recent trends, challenges, and future perspectives

In this comprehensive review, we critically examine the application of nanofluids as coolants in PEMFCs, explicitly focusing on elucidating their thermal efficiency enhancement mechanisms. In addition to the existing research, the significant areas critically reviewed include the influence of nanoparticle size and concentration, surface modification techniques, characterization methods, nanofluid stability under different conditions, nanofluid behavior in various flow regimes, and the impact of nanofluids on system performance and efficiency. A meticulous analysis of the most recent studies involving single nanofluids (Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZnO, BN) and hybrid nanofluids (CuFeAl, Al2O3:SiO2, Bio glycol+Al2O3:SiO2, TiO2:SiO2) underscores their potential to revolutionize PEMFC cooling systems. Findings reveal that nanofluids exhibit remarkable enhancements in heat transfer, offering a 20–27% reduction in radiator size compared to traditional coolants. The science underpinning this enhancement is multifaceted, characterized by self-deionization phenomena, nanoparticle dispersion stability via Brownian motion, and unprecedented inter-atomic interactions. Notably, nanofluids effectively eliminate particle sedimentation and coagulation, ensuring sustained heat transfer performance over extended operational periods. However, several challenges are observed, such as the limited exploration of electrical conductivity, which occurred because of the correlation between the net-charge influence of the suspended particle and electrical double layer (EDL) behavior. Furthermore, understanding and utilizing smart nanofluids and nanobubbles demand rigorous investigation for optimal cooling strategies. Future research should focus on standardizing nanofluid synthesis and characterization protocols, elucidating the underlying heat transfer mechanisms, addressing cost and scalability issues, and ensuring nanofluids’ durability in PEMFCs. The review’s timeliness lies in its relevance to the current advancements and challenges in the field, offering valuable insights for researchers and practitioners working in the thermal management of PEMFC.

Numerical Assessment of Nanofluids in Corrugated Minichannels: Flow Phenomenon and Advanced Thermo-hydrodynamic Analysis

The current study addresses the influence of the amplitude of distinct corrugation patterns on heat transfer and the performance of nanofluids as a coolant. A novel combined approach has been presented here to optimize the heat transfer, incorporating both geometry modification and coolant optimization. The computational model evolved for single-phase, and turbulent flow conditions in three-dimensional corrugated minichannels (i.e. rectangular, sine-shaped, and V-shaped) with Reynolds number varying from 10,000 to 30,000. Considering a uniform heat flux of 10,000 W/m2, the investigation evaluates the thermal-hydraulic performance of single nanofluids (CuO/water, Al2O3/water, TiO2/water) and hybrid nanofluids (Al2O3CuO/water, Al2O3-TiO2/water), with volume fractions ranging from 1% to 3%. Various nanoparticle compositions exhibited a 25–30% increased heat transfer coefficient in the corrugated minichannel relative to the smooth one. An enhanced Nusselt number is evident due to the sophisticated corrugated arrangement dependent on the amplitude and patterns of the corrugations. The obtained energy ratio quantifies the effectiveness of a heat exchanger, whereas the Bejan number signifies the heat transfer being characterized by higher irreversibility, leading to a notable dissipation of energy. To account for the PEC (performance evaluation criterion) value above one, the corrugated geometries can outperform smooth channels. With an optimal thermal performance improvement of 22.19%, the 3% Al2O3CuO/water has been found to be the most effective nanofluid in the rectangular corrugated minichannel with the amplitude-to-wavelength ratio of 0.12.

Performance characteristics of shell and helically coiled tube heat exchanger under different tube cross-sections, inclination angles and nanofluids

The current research deals with an experimental and numerical inspection of the shell and helically coiled tube heat exchanger (SHCTHE) under various circular, elliptic, and square tube cross-sections. The research study strives to ameliorate the thermal-hydraulic performance with single nanofluids of Al2O3/H2O, MgO/H2O, and TiO2/H2O. Various factors were inspected to consider the heat exchanger performance under parameters, SHCTHE inclination angle, HCT diameter ratio, flow direction, the cross-section geometry shape, nanomaterials type, and nanomaterials concentration. The modeling engaging a numerical code tool of ANSYS-FLUENT 19 was accomplished with a 3D (RNG)/k–ϵ model. The mass flow rate and working fluid temperatures through the coil and shell sides were (0.05:0.2 kg/s at 80 °C and 0.05–0.2 kg/s at 10 °C, respectively. One of the most important results was that the SHCTHE with a circular tube cross-section gave the highest Nusselt number with an approximate percentage of 62.5%. The SHCTHE effectiveness and the number of transfer units were enhanced by around 19.35% and 30.78%, respectively, by the greater HCT diameter ratio and Al2O3 nanomaterials. Nusselt number, friction factor, and SHCTHE effectiveness were correlated through equations (52:55) with dimensionless factors and their limitations.

Single Nanofluid of Intelligent Dimensional Analysis with Experimentation

Annals of Chemical Science Research Single Nanofluid of Intelligent Dimensional Analysis with Experimentation Rong-Tsu Wang1* and Jung-Chang Wang2* 1Department of Leisure Management, Yu Da University of Science and Technology, Taiwan 2Department of Marine Engineering (DME), National Taiwan Ocean University (NTOU), Taiwan *Corresponding author:Rong-Tsu Wang, Department of Leisure Management, Yu Da University of Science and Technology, Miaoli County, Taiwan and Jung-Chang Wang, Department of Marine Engineering (DME), National Taiwan Ocean University (NTOU), Keelung 202301, Taiwan Submission: February 22, 2023;Published: March 07, 2023 DOI: 10.31031/ACSR.2023.03.000570 Volume3 Issue4March, 2023

Thermosolutal hydromagnetic mixed convective hybrid nanofluid flow in a wavy walled enclosure

This paper deals with the effects of an inclined magnetic field and hybrid nanoliquid on thermosolutal mixed convection in a partially heated wavy walled enclosure. Two distinct flow features are considered by performing a variant of heating and concentrating locations in both the vertical walls. The upper border is in motion with the same speed in the right direction. The governing Navier–Stokes equations are modeled to describe thermosolutal phenomena. These equations are solved by reconstructing a recently developed compact scheme. Results are displayed in terms of streamlines, isotherms, iso-concentrations, average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers to evoke the thermosolutal phenomena for various physical parameters. Furthermore, the significance of well-defined parameters influencing the fluid rotation and thermosolutal transfer, namely Richardson number (0.1≤Ri≤10), Lewis number (1≤Le≤5), thermal Grashof number (GrT=104), Buoyancy ratio (−1≤N≤1), Hartmann number (0≤Ha≤40), orientation angle of magnetic field (00≤γ≤900) and solid volume fraction (0.0≤ϕhnp≤0.04) of the hybrid nanofluid are performed generously. Results reveal that the heating areas and the angle γ play a vital role in flow topology, thermal and solutal transport inside the wavy enclosure. In addition, thermal and solutal transfer enhancement are noted with increasing values of γ while thermal and solutal transfer reduction are noted with the increasing Hartmann number. We have noticed that for the change in the concentration of Cu-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid (ϕhnp) from 1% to 4%, average Nusselt number is enhanced by 7.46% in Case-I and 5.09% in Case-II whereas average Sherwood number is decreased by 2.42% and 1.58% for Case-I and Case-II respectively. It is also concluded that the single nanofluid is more effective than the hybrid nanofluid in the case of thermosolutal transport phenomena.

Thermohydraulic performance of thermal system integrated with twisted turbulator inserts using ternary hybrid nanofluids

Abstract Mono, hybrid, and ternary nanofluids were tested inside the plain and twisted-tape pipes using k-omega shear stress transport turbulence models. The Reynolds number was 5,000 ≤ Re ≤ 15,000, and thermophysical properties were calculated under the condition of 303 K. Single nanofluids (Al2O3/distilled water [DW], SiO2/DW, and ZnO/DW), hybrid nanofluids (SiO2 + Al2O3/DW, SiO2 + ZnO/DW, and ZnO + Al2O3/DW) in the mixture ratio of 80:20, and ternary nanofluids (SiO2 + Al2O3 + ZnO/DW) in the mixture ratio of 60:20:20 were estimated in different volumetric concentrations (1, 2, 3, and 4%). The twisted pipe had a higher outlet temperature than the plain pipe, while SiO2/DW had a lower T out value with 310.933 K (plain pipe) and 313.842 K (twisted pipe) at Re = 9,000. The thermal system gained better energy using ZnO/DW with 6178.060 W (plain pipe) and 8426.474 W (twisted pipe). Furthermore, using SiO2/DW at Re = 9,000, heat transfer improved by 18.017% (plain pipe) and 21.007% (twisted pipe). At Re = 900, the pressure in plain and twisted pipes employing SiO2/DW reduced by 167.114 and 166.994%, respectively. In general, the thermohydraulic performance of DW and nanofluids was superior to one. Meanwhile, with Re = 15,000, DW had a higher value of η Thermohydraulic = 1.678.