Abstract In this paper, the technology of a single mode fiber coupling to a semiconductor laser diode has been summarized and the latest developments in the bulk optics coupling scheme and the microlens fiber coupling scheme have been reviewed. The review has focused on optimizing the optical structure and the coupling parameters to improve the coupling efficiency and packaging performance. The advanced manufacturing technology as well as common modeling methods and applications of coupling systems have also been reviewed. Finally, the paper has summarized the key technologies of a single mode fiber coupling to a laser diode and its direction of development in the future.