Single-layer Steel Research Articles

The Effect of Dust Overload on Security of Single Layer Steel Structural Workshop

Based on the investigation of a single layer steel structure industry workshop in Baoshan Steel Incorporated Company, the effect of dust overload on the security of single layer steel structural workshop is analyzed, which is the basis of maintenance and monitor of the building. The results show that the dust-load overload 16%, the ratio of resistance-load of roof truss, bracket and framework column separately reduce 4%,4%,0.5%. If the dust-load overload 100%, the ratio of resistance-load of roof truss, bracket and framework column separately reduce 20%, 20%,1%.

Preliminary study on bullet resistance of double-layer concrete panel made of rubberized and steel fiber reinforced concrete

In this study, the impact resistance of double-layer concrete panels made of rubberized and steel fiber reinforced concrete subjected to direct fire weapon (11 mm or 0.45 magnum bullet size) is investigated. Concrete panels with dimensions of 400 × 400 × 50 mm are subjected to impact forces from 11 mm-diameter bullets at a distance of 10 m. Three types of concrete panels are tested: single-layer steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC), single-layer crumb rubber concrete (CRC), and double-layer CRC/SFRC. For a double-layer CRC/SFRC, the CRC layer of 12.5 mm is added to the front surface by partially replacing part of the SFRC panel. The CRC layer is expected to act as a cushion layer to absorb impact energy from the bullet and to reduce damage to the concrete panel.

Optimization Design, Modeling and Thermal Stress for the 12t Reduction and Distillation Container of Sponge Titanium

The reduction and distillationcontainer in titanium-sponge-production is of great concern. In order to get access to a highly efficient vessel which can produce sponge titanium of high quality, a new structureof new material was brought forward in this paper. This new structure, with doublelayers, inner layer of carbon steel and outer layer of stainless steel, was a substitute for traditional single-layer stainless steel container. This new optimization method of 12t container brought in the paper can reduce the impurities in the sponge titanium lump andincrease the times of the container to use.Of cause, it has a great improvement in yield per unit time. For the purpose of improving the reliability of this new optimization structure, temperature and stress field was established and simulated by an integrated FEM/FEM system based on ANSYS. This theory, therefore, can be one of the solutions to the development of titanium-sponge-production equipments by means of the thermal stress field analysis.

Numerical Simulation Analysis for Anti-Penetration of Multilayer Ceramic Composite

Use ANSYS / LS-DYNA software to build a numerical model for studying influence of projectile’s penetration velocity, penetration angle and ceramic/metal composite structure on protective capacity of multilayer ceramic composite. The results showed that velocity loss range of projectile running through the multilayer ceramic composite decreased with initial penetration velocity of projectile increased and that the shape of bullet hole showed growing asymmetry with penetration angle increased. Anti-penetration capacity of multilayer ceramic composite protective structure is better than that of single-layer ceramic composite protective structure or single-layer homogeneous steel structure with equal quality.

Effect of Initial Geometry Defects and Crane Runway Partiality on Security of Single Layer Steel Structural Workshop

External components loss injuries caused by various defects of steel material performance, design, production and construction, and adverse factors such as overloading, repeated load, high-temperature, corrosive media or mismanagement, direct impact on security of steel structure in the course of subsequent use. Based on the investigation of single layer steel structure industry workshop, from two aspects of nature and quantify, the effect of initial geometry defect on bear of axle pressure component and crane runway partiality on bear of crane beam system is analyzed, which is the basis of regularity uses、consolidating and monitors of the building. The result shows that through the computation of axle pressure component with initial geometry defect or crane runway partiality, the component's bearing capacity reduces many and the effect of security is big, and when the initial geometry defect or crane runway partiality surpasses the standard stipulation the certain proportion, bearing capacity will continue to reduce, the structure will be more unsafe. The effect of crane runway partiality on the crane beam web plate upper extreme edge's intensity and web plate horizontal stiffening rib's intensity is little.

Effect of substructures upon failure behavior of steel reticulated domes subjected to the severe earthquake

This paper presents the study on the influence of substructures on the failure behavior of steel reticulated domes subjected to the severe earthquake. The full-range dynamic response analysis method is applied to investigate the failure characteristics of single-layer steel reticulated domes with substructures subjected to the severe earthquake. The natural vibration properties are studied. Two typical failure modes of steel reticulated domes with substructures are illustrated according to the stiffness of substructures. Failure criterion is proposed to estimate the ultimate load strength for single-layer steel reticulated domes. It is observed that the substructure has great influence on the failure characteristics and the ultimate load strength of steel reticulated domes subjected to the severe earthquake. It is necessary to take substructure into consideration in analysis and design stage.

Intermesh effect on roller straightening process of single layer steel cord

This paper deals with the effect of the intermesh on the roller straightening process of a single layer steel cord. A single layer steel cord, which is constructed with three drawn wires, is selected as a target structure for stranding experiments. Intermeshes at the inlet and outlet of the roller straightening device are selected as design parameters. A design table is constructed for experiments with the variation of two intermeshes of the roller straightening device. Experiments were carried out to measure the three assessment items for a single layer steel cord such as the residual torsion of a steel cord, the arc height of a steel cord and the preform of a single wire in each design case for the quantitative evaluation of a steel cord quality. The sensitivity analysis is performed for design parameters based on the data measured. Prediction equations of the three assessment items are constructed from the regression analysis. The prediction equations constructed can be utilised as a design guideline for the roller straightening process of a single layer steel cord.

Parametric formulae for axial stiffness of CHS X-joints subjected to brace axial tension

Recent research has shown that circular hollow section (CHS) joints may exhibit non-rigid behavior under axial load or bending. The non-rigid behavior significantly affects the mechanical performance of structures. This paper is concerned with the parametric formulae for predicting axial stiffness of CHS X-joints while braces are in tension. The factors influencing the axial stiffness of CHS X-joints under brace axial tension are investigated, including the joint geometric parameters, the axial force of the chord, and bending moments of braces in two directions, etc. Effects of various parameters on axial stiffness of CHS X-joints are examined by systematic single-parameter nonlinear analysis using shell finite element methods. The analysis is implemented in a finite element code, ANSYS. The observed trends form the basis of the formulae for calculating the joint axial stiffness under brace axial tension by multivariate regression technique. In order to simplify the formulae, two non-dimensional variables are introduced. The proposed formulae can be used to calculate the joint axial stiffness in the design of single-layer steel tubular structures.

Laboratory simulation of direct lightning strokes to a modeled building: measurement of magnetic fields and induced voltages

In IEC 61312-2 equations for the assessment of the magnetic fields inside structures due to a direct lightning strike are given. These equations are based on computer simulations for shields consisting of a single-layer steel grid of a given mesh width. Real constructions, however, contain at least two layers of reinforcement steel grids. The objective of this study was to experimentally determine the additional shielding effectiveness of a second reinforcement layer compared to a single-layer grid. To this end, simulated structures were set up in the high current laboratory. The structures consisted of cubic cages of 2 m side length with one or with two reinforcement grids, respectively. The structures were exposed to direct lightning currents representing the variety of anticipated lightning current waveforms. The magnetic fields and their derivatives at several positions inside the structure as well as the voltage between “floor” and “roof” in the center were determined for different current injection points. From these data the improvement of the shielding caused by a second reinforcement layer is derived.

Long-Span Lattice Roof for the Nagoya Dome

The Nagoya Dome is a multi-purpose stadium that can accommodate 40,500 spectators for a baseball game. Its steel roof has a hermetic quality with excellent sound insulating performance, since the dome is adjacent to a residential neighbourhood. A single-layer steel lattice dome has been adopted for the roof structure, both to minimize shadow effects from sunlight and to achieve the required ceiling height of at least 60 m for baseball. The roof has a span of 187.2 m, which makes it one of the largest single-layer lattice dome structures in the world. The roof area is approximately 29,000 m² with a glass skylight at the center occupying about 5,000 m². A retractable screen beneath the skylight controls the transmission of sunlight into the dome.

A Comparison Between Two Different Designs of Bare Single-Layer Steel-Reinforced Aluminum Conductor

Two different designs of bare single-layer steel- reinforced aluminum conductor are examined both by theoretical techniques and by experimental methods. An approximate model is developed which uses a new approach for solution for impedances of such conductors. A comparison between two different commercial designs is effected with the aid of the model, and the results are evaluated in the light of experimental evidence. Suggestions are made for comparing conductor designs and also for the improvement of designs.