Single Jersey Knitted Fabrics Research Articles

Effect of yarn count and loop length on needle penetration force and needle cut index in single jersey fabrics

The present study embodies the sewability of single jersey knitted fabric based on needle penetration force and needle cut index. Four types of single jersey fabric, viz. 100% cotton, polyester/cotton, polyester/lycra, and cotton/lycra, are taken for investigation. The materials are prepared on circular knitting machine by varying the yarn count and loop length. The influence of various parameters, viz. type of fibre, yarn count and loop length, on needle penetration force and needle cut index have been analyzed. In addition, the influence of seam direction on the needle cut index is also studied. A 3 _ level factorial design is employed to analyse the influence of there parameters. The statistical analysis shows that yarn count and loop length has a significant effect on needle penetration force and needle cut index. It has been observed that in all single jersey knitted fabrics, cotton-lycra and polyester-lycra half plated fabrics have higher value of needle penetration force than cotton and polyester/cotton. The test results also show that for both coarser yarn and finer yarn count, longer loop length gives a lower value of needle penetration force. The needle cut index decreases with increase in the yarn count and loop length. Also it is observed that, the needle cut index is more in wale direction as compared to that in course direction. It is also concluded that cotton fabric samples are more susceptible to needle damages as compared to their counterparts.

Air Permeability and Water Vapor Resistance of Differently Finished Cotton and Cotton/Elastane Single Jersey Knitted Fabrics

ABSTRACT This study investigates the knitted fabrics’ air permeability and water vapor resistance as complex phenomena of the interaction between the fiber nature, fabric structural characteristics and, different wet processes. Bleaching and dyeing together with the content of elastane are the main factors determining fabric structural characteristics. 100% cotton fabrics have a higher intensity of warm/cool feeling since they have higher air permeability than elastane containing fabrics. The air permeability and water vapor resistance of elastane containing fabrics decreased after the wet processes, whereby the bleached knitted fabrics showed higher air permeability and lower water vapor resistance than dyed. Decreased air permeability and increased water vapor resistance of softened elastane containing fabrics are governed by the cationic softener pick-up mechanism. Namely, the cationic softener is deposited on the yarns’ surfaces; its hydrophobic carbon ends repel from each other. This acts as a barrier for air which contributes to an increase in the fabric water vapor resistance. The softened dyed knitted fabrics have lower air permeability and slightly higher water vapor resistance than softened bleached fabrics which may be attributed to the interaction between reactive dyestuff and cationic softener. The comfort properties quality of finished knitted fabrics decreased with elastane incorporation and with softening.

Experimental evaluation of the compression garment produced from elastic spacer fabrics through real human limb

Spacer fabrics found vast applications as medical textile due to their intrinsic and unique properties such as good air permeability, breathability, compressibility and comfort. The aim of this study is to utilize weft knitted spacer fabric as pressure garment to apply more uniform interface pressure on limb than common commercial fabrics. Initially, different weft knitted spacer fabrics by varying the spacer fabric thickness (0.8, 1.2 and 1.8 mm) and elastane yarn content (25, 30, 35 and 40%) were produced. Then, mean interface pressure was obtained through conducting the Mannequin test. Based on the Mannequin test results, spacer fabrics with similar applied interface pressure to commercial one were selected to perform human limb test. According to the results, the spacer fabric with the thickness of 1.8[Formula: see text] and elastane yarn content of 25% not only applied interface pressure comparable to commercial fabric, but also exhibited the most uniform interface pressure mapping on human limb among those studied. Also experimental results showed the superior performance of spacer knitted fabrics with elastane yarn than the single jersey knitted fabrics as pressure garments.

Evaluation of mechanical properties of oak tasar silk waste/viscose blended knitted fabrics

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of blending oak tasar silk waste with viscose fibre to develop blended yarns for the construction of high quality knitted fabrics. The oak tasar silk waste and viscose blended yarn were prepared on worsted spinning system with three different blend ratios viz. 60:40, 50:50 and 40:60, spun into two different yarn counts (15 Nm and 20 Nm) for each blend ratio. Best four yarns out of total six were selected for further development of Single jersey knitted fabrics using circular knitting machine. The prepared knitted fabrics were evaluated for mechanical properties: breaking load and elongation, bursting strength, fabric growth, fabric stretch, abrasion resistance, snag resistance and thermal insulation. Results revealed that the addition of viscose fibre content improved the bursting strength, elongation percentage, abrasion resistance and snag resistance.

Effect of Stitch Characteristics on Flammability and Thermo-Physiological Comfort Properties of Knitted Fabrics

Investigations on influence of stitch types in single jersey knitted fabric on flammability and comfort properties are carried out in this paper. Seven different knitted structures were developed on single jersey machine. In this study the effect of combinations of knit, miss and tuck stitches on comfort and flammability properties of knitted fabrics are investigated. Flammability test/properties e.g. afterglow time, char length, and weight loss % are evaluated. Several tests for thermophysiological comfort i.e. air permeability, thermal resistance and absorbency are also carried out. Results obtained show that both comfort and flammability properties are dependent on type of stitch, pattern of stitch, location of stitch and percentage of any stitch used in the fabrics. Moreover, fabric physical parameters also affect the flammability and comfort properties. The findings of this study shall work as a guide for material or textile engineers in the design and selection of fabric for apparel as well as high performance thermal protective clothing; as a result safety and occupational health of fire fighters will be improved.

Improving the thermal comfort properties of bamboo and bamboo blended fabrics for sports head scarves

In this work, the thermal comfort properties of bamboo & bamboo blended women’s head scarves that are worn by females during sports events activities have been investigated. Comfort can be described by the physically relaxed state that is devoid from any pain. Single jersey knitted fabrics samples were produced with the same loop-length from three different types of fibres. The three fibres types were bamboo, cotton, polyester microfiber and their blends with various feeder arrangements. Linear density of bamboo and cotton yarns were 30/1 Ne. Polyester microfiber yarns with Liner density 150 D/144f were used. Results showed that even with same blend ratios, the arrangement of the yarns inside the fabric has an effect on fabric thickness. Moreover, bamboo fabrics scored the lowest weight due to their low specific density, which greatly enhances the comfort levels compared to the other samples. Results obtained show that, Bamboo samples have excelled properties in term of thermal conductivity and Qmax tests compared to other samples

Mathematical Modeling to Predict the Geometrical Properties of Float Stitches in Single Jersey Knitted Fabrics

This paper presents a novel mathematical model of float stitches in single Jersey knitted fabrics. The mathematical model has been used to deduce the fabric geometrical relationships that can be useful for predicting the properties of the fabric. Using AutoLISP and AutoCAD software, a program has been designed to simulate the surface appearance of knitted fabrics. The program inputs and outputs are also displayed with each type of float stitches. The proposed program and mathematical model demonstrated their effectiveness in using a wide range of yarn count, number of wales and courses, and predicting the different geometrical properties.

Comprehensive Assessment of the Properties of Cotton Single Jersey Knitted Fabrics Produced From Different Lycra States

Abstract This research aims to evaluate the properties of cotton single jersey knitted fabrics (SJKF) produced from cotton/spandex yarns at different Lycra states. So, four different SJKF were produced, namely 100% cotton, cotton with additional Lycra (full-platted), core, and dual-core-spun (DCS) yarns with the same loop length. The thermal comfort properties, fabric recovery, total hand value (THV), moisture management parameters, and air permeability were measured. The experimental results showed that the use of DCS yarns in the SJKF improves the fabric elastic recovery by 100%. The obtained values of air permeability, THV, and overall moisture management capacity of stretched SJKF are lower than 100% cotton fabric sample. Thermal absorptivity of core and dual-core samples increased by 27% and the water vapor permeability decreased by 18% compared to 100% cotton fabric sample.

Development of comfortable and eco-friendly cellulose based textiles with improved sustainability

Considering specific mechanical, hygienic and protective properties of hemp, as well as its positive sustainability aspects, the raising role of hemp fibres in the textile sector can be expected. The limited deformability of hemp fibres, which has a negative influence on the tactile comfort, can be overcome by blending them with other soft fibres. In this project, an attempt was made to overcome this limitation by blending them with soft and warm acrylic fibres so as to avoid any chemical treatments with softeners. The composition of the knitted fabrics was designed at the knitting production stage, offering the knitwear factories a new possibility for fibre blending. The produced single jersey knitted fabrics were evaluated in terms of their thermal behaviour in both steady-state and transient conditions. Since this type of knitted fabrics is prone to dimensional changes and distortion upon repeated laundering, the undershirts made thereof were subjected to the wear trial test (repeated wear and care cycles) in real life situations, in order to assess changes in the thermal properties of the knitted fabrics. Observed changes in the geometry of the knitted fabrics and morphology of the fibres after a period of wear and care of the undershirts have had positive effects on the thermal properties of the hemp based knits. Hemp/acrylic knitted fabric has undergone the biggest change in the geometry, but moderate change in thermal properties comparing to those of the hemp knit. The values of thermal parameters of the hemp/acrylic knit after repeated wear and care cycles which were in the range of those of the hemp knit before the wear trial test, confirmed that the hemp-blend proposed by this study would follow the trend of good hemp thermal behaviour in terms of comfort at the exploitation stage. The presented results offer a product design strategy to increase the performance, economic and environmental benefits for both the producers and consumers.

From hybrid fibers to microfibers: The characteristics of polyamide 6/polypropylene blend via one‐step twin‐screw melt extrusion

Multimaterial textiles are frequently employed to attain a certain function or aesthetic effect. The multimaterial assemblies face recycling limitations due to challenges to sort and separate the component materials. A one‐step melt extrusion approach to process two mixed common textile polymers, polyamide 6 (PA6), and polypropylene (PP), into PA6:PP hybrid fibers is reported in this study. PA6:PP hybrid fibers were produced in four different configurations; PA6‐50 (50 wt% PA6), PA6‐60 (60 wt% PA6), PA6‐65 (65 wt% PA6), and PA6‐80 (80 wt% PA6). The PP component was sacrificially removed from the hybrid fibers and the resultant PA6 fiber structure was analyzed. The SEM images show the development of PA6 microfibers in PA6‐50 and PA6‐60 hybrid fibers with mean diameters of 0.76 μm and 1.13 μm upon fiber drawing, respectively. In PA6‐65 hybrid fibers, the PA6 microfibers were found along with areas where PA6 was encapsulating the PP. Thermal and mechanical properties of the untreated and treated hybrid fibers were also investigated. PA6‐60 hybrid fibers were processed into single jersey knitted fabrics and treated to obtain PA6 microfibers fabrics. The bursting strength and wicking properties of the fabric, before and after treatment, were comparatively studied. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 60:690–699, 2020. © 2020 Society of Plastics Engineers

THE EFFECT OF FIBER CROSS-SECTIONAL SHAPE AND TEXTURING TEMPERATURE ON KNITTED FABRIC AIR PERMEABILITY

Texturized yarns are often preferred especially in home textiles and sportswear. To improve polyester filament properties, mechanical, thermal, chemical and combinations of texturing processes are applied. With these processes, filament yarns take on a curved and voluminous structure and gain a permanent form. Properties of the texturized yarn can be varied as raw materials properties, machine type and process factors. This study covers the investigation of the effect of cross-sectional shape of fiber (round and trilobal) and texturing process temperature (150, 175 and 200 0C) on air permeability of false twist textured polyester single jersey knitted fabrics. Results showed that the highest air permeability value was obtained from knitted fabric with round fiber cross-sectional shape polyester filament textured at 150 0C. According to the statistical analysis, both the fiber cross-sectional shape and process temperature were found to have a significant effect on air permeability property.

The performance properties of the yarn and fabrics produced from different types of cotton

In this study, performance properties of single jersey knitted fabrics made from Aegean cotton, Supima cotton and Giza cotton yarns are investigated. Firstly, Uster parameters and breaking strength of the yarns were examined and then the properties of the fabrics knitted from these yarns were evaluated statistically. The significance levels of the relationship between the measured parameters were determined. Considering the results obtained with the mechanical properties of the fabrics with Uster analysis applied to these yarns, it is seen that the yarns made from Supima and Giza cotton fibers in extra long fiber category have more smooth, less hairiness, contain less neps and the fabrics knitted with these yarns have high mechanical properties.

Moisture management properties of combination herbal extracts treated single jersey knitted fabrics

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the synergic effect of wild turmeric (Curcuma Aromatica Salisb.) and holy basil (Ocimum Tenuiflorum L.) combination herbal extracts treatment on the moisture management properties of cotton, lyocell and micro-denier single jersey knitted fabrics and the factors affecting it, which is intended for the development of healthcare apparel products. Design/methodology/approach The pre-treated single jersey knitted fabrics of cotton, lyocell and micro-denier polyester fabrics were given finishing treatment with the wild turmeric (Curcuma Aromatica Salisb.) and holy basil (Ocimum Tenuiflorum L.) combination herbal extract proportions of 100%:0%, 75%:25%,50%:50%; 25%:75% and 0%:100%. The D-optimal factorial design developed using Design Expert software was used for the study. The finishing treatments were carried out using the pad−dry−cure method. The aim of the work is to find out the influence of combination herbal extract proportion, textile material and their interaction effect on the moisture management properties. Findings The ANOVA results revealed that the overall moisture management properties of single jersey knitted fabrics are influenced by the material type, combination herbal extract proportion and the interaction between material type and the combination herbal extracts proportion. The overall moisture management properties of combination herbal extracts treated cotton single jersey fabrics are found to be better than that of lyocell and micro-denier polyester fabrics due to their excellent accumulative one-way transport capability after the finishing treatment. Among the combination herbal extract proportions, 50:50 per cent combination herbal extract proportion was found to be better than other proportions. Originality/value The study on the moisture management properties of combination herbal extracts of wild turmeric (Curcuma Aromatica Salisb.) and holy basil (Ocimum Tenuiflorum L.) is a novel attempt to explore the synergic effect of active constituents in both the herbs.

REAL-TIME DETECTION OF KNITTING FABRIC DEFECTS USING SHEARLET TRANSFORM

This paper proposes a vision-based
 fabric inspection system for the circular knitting machine. Firstly, a
 comprehensive fabric database called Fabric Defect Detection Database (FDDD) are
 constructed. To extract significant features of fabric images, shearlet
 transform is used. Means and variances are calculated from all subbands and
 combined into a high-dimensional feature vector. The proposed system is evaluated
 on a circular knitting machine in a textile factory. The real-time performance
 analysis is only carried out by inspecting single jersey knitted fabric. Our
 proposed system achieves the highest accuracy of 94.0% in the detection of single
 jersey knitting fabric defects.

Assessment of Knitted Fabric Smoothness and Softness Based on Paired Comparison

The purpose of this study is to conduct an in-depth analysis of customer preferences for single jersey knit fabrics regarding the attributes of smoothness and softness, in order to build up a holistic picture of purchase preferences. A paired comparison test was conducted for the subjective human assessment of single jersey knitted fabrics which were designed to differ in a single factor only. A sample of 140 evaluators were recruited and assigned into seven demographic groups according to age, gender and education level, with 20 evaluators in each group. It was shown that fabrics produced of viscose and polyester or with addition of elastane yarn are perceived smoother than 100 % cotton fabrics without elastane. Regarding the gender groups, the discrepancy is seen between the results obtained for smoothness and softness, especially within the male evaluators. Also, it was shown that evaluators with completed secondary education do not make higher differences in the perception of attributes, both smoothness and softness.

Investigation into Fabric Spirality in Various Knitted Fabrics and Its Effect on Efficiency in Apparel Manufacturing

The present study aimed to comparatively determine fabric spirality in single jersey knitted fabrics manufactured from different fibers and fiber blends under the same conditions as well as its effect on the efficiency of apparel manufacturing. To that end, the fabric spirality was studied for 18 different fabrics manufactured from nine different fiber blends (100% Organic Cotton, 100% Cotton, 100% Viscose, 100% Modal, 95% Viscose-5% PES, 50% Cotton-50% Viscose, 50% Modal-50% Organic Cotton, 70% Viscose-30% PES, 80% Viscose-20% PES) at 2 different knitting densities. In order to determine the effect of fabric spirality on the marker plan, a t-shirt model was selected and a total of 8 different fabric marker plans were prepared in 2 different assortments and at 3 different spirality rates. Finally fabric efficiency and the effect of spirality on unit fabric consumption were investigated for all fabric marker plans. In the end, the greatest spirality was observed for 100% viscose fabrics. It was also determined that as the fabric spirality increases (5%, 7% and 10%), CAD efficiency decreases by rates of 2.4%, 3.68% and 5.25%, respectively, in comparison with the marker plan for the fabric not exhibiting spirality.

A study of PEG-based reverse micellar dyeing of cotton fabric: reactive dyes with different reactive groups

Reverse micellar dyeing of cotton fabrics with PEG-based non-ionic surfactant in heptane non-aqueous medium with the use of reactive dyes with different reactive groups was investigated. Single jersey knitted fabrics were used in this study. The experimental results reveal that samples dyed by both one-bath and two-bath heptane reverse micellar methods can achieve higher colour yield than the conventional water-based dyeing method. Among different reactive dyes, samples dyed with hetero-bifunctional vinylsulfone based reactive dyes could achieved higher colour yield (K/S) than the homo-bifunctional and monofunctional reactive dyes in non-aqueous dyeing medium. Moreover, the ranges of L*, a* and b* value for hetero-bifunctional vinylsulfone based reactive dyes were narrower than homo-bifunctional and monofunctional reactive dyes. In term of levelness, monofunctional reactive dyes generally resulted a better levelness than homo-bifunctional and hetero-bifunctional reactive dyes. Although one-bath heptane method yields high K/Ssum values, the problem of unlevelness should be considered while the use of two-bath heptane reverse micellar method can strike a balance between levelness and colour yield.

Effects of waste cotton usage on properties of OE-rotor yarns and knitted fabrics

The use of recycled materials has gained massive importance in textile sector as well as in other sectors as the effects of reduction of natural sources are felt all over the world. In this study, it was aimed to analyse the effects of recycled cotton usage on properties of OE-rotor spun yarns and knitted fabrics produced from these yarns. For this purpose, OE-rotor yarns were produced at different proportion levels of virgin cotton and waste cotton that derived from blowroom 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, respectively. For better assessment, properties of OE-rotor yarns that contain waste cotton were compared with 100% virgin cotton OE rotor yarn. Physical, structural and mechanical properties such as unevenness, imperfections, hairiness, breaking force, elongation, yarn-to-yarn friction, yarn-to-metal friction and yarn-to-ceramic friction were measured by Uster Tester 4 SX, Uster Zweigle Hairiness Tester 5, Uster Tensorapid 3 and CTT by Lawson Hemphill. At the second part of the study, single-jersey knitted fabrics were produced from OE-rotor spun yarns. Effects of waste cotton proportion on knitted fabric properties such as pilling, abrasion resistance, bursting strength and air permeability were also evaluated. Results showed that, the use of up to 75% per cent of waste cotton blended yarns show no statistically significant differences on yarn and fabric properties.

Investigation of Surface Resistivity in Different Directions of Single Jersey Knitted Fabrics Produced by Yarns Including Metal Filaments

Bu çalışmada bakır/çelik monofilament ve metalize gümüş multifilament içeren ipliklerden üretilen örme kumaşların farklı doğrultulardaki yüzey özdirenç değerleri incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda iletken filamentler (metalize gümüş, bakır, paslanmaz çelik) eşkarıştırma (commingling) tekniği kullanılarak tekstüre polyester filament iplikler ile birleştirilmiştir. Üretilen metal içerikli ipliklerden süprem örgü yapısında numune kumaşlar üretilmiştir. Üretilen numune örme kumaşlara sıra ve çubuk doğrultusunda yüzey özdirenç testleri uygulanmıştır. Mikroskop görüntüleri kullanılarak iplik ve kumaş numunelerinin yüzey yapıları detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Veriler istatistiksel teknikler ile analiz edilmiş ve sonuçlar karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları metal içerikli ipliklerden üretilen örme kumaşların daha düşük özdirenç değerine sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.

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