Single Jersey Knitted Fabrics Research Articles

Süprem Örme Kumaşlarda Geri Dönüşüm Pamuk Elyaf Oranının Performans Özelliklerine Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

Tekstil sektöründe atıkların minimize edilmesi ve geri dönüşümü son yıllarda üzerinde önemle durulan bir konudur. Tüketici öncesi ve tüketici sonrası atıkların geri dönüşüm işlemi özellikle tekstil sektöründe yaygın olarak tercih edilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, geri dönüşüm pamuk karışımlı süprem örme kumaşların sıklık, gramaj, kalınlık gibi özellikleri ile hava geçirgenliği, kumaş sertliği ve patlama mukavemeti standartlara göre tespit edilmiş ve elde edilen sonuçlara göre geri dönüşüm oranının bu özelliklere etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Geri dönüşüm pamuk katkılı örme kumaşlarda geri dönüşüm oranı arttıkça patlama mukavemetinin azaldığı, hava geçirgenliğinin arttığı ve kumaş sertliğinin azaldığı tespit edilmiştir.

Moisture Management Properties of Single Jersey Knitted Fabrics Made from Regenerated Bamboo: Polyester Core-Spun Yarns

ABSTRACT Today, the capacity to regulate moisture is one of the most crucial qualities of knitted fabrics. This study focuses on the interaction between core ratio, twist, and loop length on the moisture management capabilities of single jersey knitted textiles manufactured from 100% regenerated bamboo, 80:20 regenerated bamboo: polyester yarns, and 60:40 regenerated bamboo: polyester yarns. The Box-Behnken experimental design was used to optimize the design parameters in this study. It was discovered that the moisture management qualities were improved by the increased polyester core content, high twist, and short loop length. Single jersey knitted fabrics made from 100% regenerated bamboo yarns swiftly wick away sweat and maintain moisture in their structure, resulting in a very fast wetting rate, spreading speed, and extremely large maximum wetted radius, as well as a very excellent AOTI value and very good OMMC ratings. Additionally, it can be suggested that single jersey knitted textiles consisting of core-spun yarns provide quick absorption and quick drying rates, meeting the needs of sportswear applications.

A study of the effect of PEG-1000 phase change materials coating on selected fabric properties

Phase change materials (PCM) are materials that are used as latent heat storage media due to their ability to undergo change from one phase to another. The use of PCM to enhance the temperature self-regulating feature of textiles has become prevalent in recent times. A PCM is incorporated into the textile substrate using various means, one of which is coating. However, the process of coating the textile substrate with the PCM material, as well as the effect of the material itself, may result in the reduction of certain key properties of the textile material. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of a Sodium Alginate microencapsulated PEG-1000 coating (applied by the pad-dry-cure method) on selected properties of a 100% polyester single jersey knitted fabric, namely bursting strength, thickness, drape coefficient, air permeability, moisture regain and fabric weight. The material and coating were selected on the basis of availability, use and cost. The study showed that the coating provided small increases in the bursting strength, weight, moisture regain and thickness, and a substantial increase in the drape coefficient of the fabric. The air permeability could not be properly assessed due to an instrument error. As such the coating could be presumed to have caused a slight impairment to the overall comfort of the fabric.

Quality of Cotton and cotton/elastane Single Jersey Knitted Fabrics before and after Softening and in Situ Synthesis of Cu-based Nanoparticles

ABSTRACT The quality of cotton and cotton/elastane single jersey knitted fabrics before and after softening was evaluated through their mechanical properties, pilling, and volume electrical resistivity. Elastane-containing fabrics have higher bursting elongation and stiffness, lower bursting strength, the same or higher pilling grade, and 23–27% lower electrical resistivities compared to 100% cotton due to the increased compactness that enables better contact between the loops, and easier flow of charge through them. Softening does not affect or slightly improves the fabric pilling (up to 1000 cycles); it decreases fabrics’ stiffness and increases their bursting strength and electrical resistivities. The last one was significantly decreased after the in situ synthesis of Cu-based nanoparticles on fabrics’ surfaces. Namely, fabrics were first treated with sodium alginate whose carboxylate groups crosslinked Cu2+-ions (from CuSO4 solution) that were further reduced with ascorbic acid. In situ synthesis of Cu-based nanoparticles (detected by FESEM) improves the fabrics’ quality and enables obtaining multifunctional fabrics having 3.4–9.6 times lower resistivities, which are in line with the content of Cu after reduction (determined using ICP-OES), up to 2.5 times higher antioxidant activity and provided maximum microbial reduction for E. Coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans.

Study on Single Jersey Knitted Fabrics Made From Cotton/ Polyester Core Spun Yarns. Part II: Moisture Management Properties

This paper discusses the influence of core sheath ratio, twist and loop length on the moisture management properties of cotton/polyester core spun knitted fabrics. Box behnken, a three level- three variable factorial design was used to study the interactive effects of the dependent variables. Fifteen single jersey fabrics were knitted according to the statistical run and tested for physical and moisture management properties. Increase in polyester percent increases the moisture management properties which decreases the fabric weight and dries quickly. High twisted and tight structured fabrics hold moisture and spread more. The wetting time of all the knitted structures at the top and bottom surface were rated as fast (i.e. 3 to 5). Absorption rate of all the fabrics at the top and bottom surface were graded as medium range. Maximum wetted radius at the top and bottom surface were graded as very large (i.e. >22). Spreading speed of the top and bottom surface were rated as very fast (i.e. >4). 100% cotton knitted fabrics showed excellent (i.e. >400) accumulative one-way transport index and remaining samples were rated as very good (i.e. 200-400). The overall moisture management capacity of the 100% cotton knitted fabrics were rated as excellent compared to core spun knitted fabrics which were graded as very good.

INFLUENCE OF ANTISTATIC POLYESTER FIBERS ON THE PROPERTIES OF COTTON AND POLYESTER SINGLE JERSEY KNITTED FABRICS

In this research, the influence of the antistatic polyester fibers containing carbon black on the comfort properties of 100% and blended cotton as well as on 100% and blended polyester single jersey knitted fabrics was evaluated. The research results revealed that the behavior of the investigated knitted fabrics was dependent on their structure and mechanical characteristics. The electrical resistance of knitted fabrics decreased significantly due to the use of 4% antistatic polyester fibers. The electrical resistance of the pure and blended cotton knitted fabric was lower than that of the pure and blended polyester knitted fabrics. Antistatic polyester fibers positively influenced the air permeability of the polyester knitted fabric. The air permeability of 100% and blended cotton fabrics was approximately 3.5 times compared to both 100% and blended polyester fabrics, respectively. The carbon black polyester fibers influenced the decrease in thermal resistance, the increase in vapor permeability, and the minor increase in vapor resistance of both cotton and polyester knitted fabrics. Thermal resistance was lower, water vapor resistance was significantly higher, and relative water vapor permeability was slightly lower for the cotton and cotton/antistatic polyester knitted fabrics than for the polyester and polyester / antistatic polyester knitted fabrics, respectively. Therefore, the research results revealed that the presence of 4% antistatic polyester fibers in cotton and polyester knitted fabrics positively influenced their antistatic behavior and improved or almost did not alter their comfort properties.

Effect of Elastane Plating on Physical & Thermal Comfort Properties of Lyocell Single Jersey Knit Fabric with Different Loop Length

ABSTRACT Elastic weft knitted single jersey fabrics are produced by plating of elastane (elastomeric polyurethane) yarn with lyocell yarn in a circular knitting machine with positive feeder. This type of fabrics and their cloths have great response in the market as they have the tendency to re-gain their original size and shape due to physical extension by any part of human body. This research analyzed the effect of elastane plating on the physical and thermal comfort properties such as GSM, thickness, stitch density, air permeability, water vapor transmission rate, thermal conductivity and thermal resistivity of lyocell single jersey knitted fabrics by varying the loop length. The work revealed that the physical properties like stitch density, thickness and GSM increased with increase in elastane content and decrease in increasing of loop length. The air permeability, water vapor transmission rate and thermal resistivity of the fabrics decreased with increasing of elastane plating and increased with increasing of loop length. The thermal conductivity values of the fabrics are not much significant at 95% significance level.

Influence of pilling on the quality of flax single jersey knitted fabrics

In this work, the quality of four plain single jersey weft-knitted fabrics (produced from the same flax yarn) having different structural characteristics (stitch density, weight, and thickness) before and after pilling, was examined. The quality of knitted fabrics was evaluated in terms of their compression (compressibility, thickness loss, and compressive resilience), comfort (air permeability and water retention), and strength (bursting strength and ball traverse elongation) properties. The obtained results revealed that the fabric with the lowest structural characteristic values has the highest compressibility, thickness loss, and air permeability, while the least compressive resilience, water retention, bursting strength, and ball traverse elongation, both before and after pilling. Pilling causes a decrease of compressibility, thickness loss, air permeability, water retention (for three lightweight fabrics), bursting strength, and ball traverse elongation but an increase in compressive resilience and water retention (for the most compact fabric). All studied knitted fabrics have excellent quality before pilling and excellent to good quality after pilling. A pilling leads to a decrease in the quality of all fabrics, especially of those with the least compact structure. Sample with moderate compactness possesses the best overall quality.

Influence of Lycra Content and Stitch Length on the Dimensional and Physical Characteristics of Lycra Back Plaited Cotton (LBPC) Single Jersey Fabrics

The physical and dimensional characteristics, i.e. course and wale spacing, stitch density, tightness factor, diameter, porosity, dimensional stability and bursting strength of single jersey knitted items containing lycra yarn with the variations in stitch length and lycra content have been examined and a detail investigation on the lycra filament has been discussed in this study. Six different samples were knitted with identical cotton and lycra yarn but different in lycra contents and stitch length. After conditioning in a controlled environment, all the samples were tested as per the established methods. After analyzing the test results, noticeable effects of variations in stitch length and lycra content on physical and dimensional characteristics of single jersey knitted fabric has been found. As smaller the stitch length and as greater the lycra content, the dimensional stability and bursting strength are better; on the other hand, the air permeability is lower.

Study on Single Jersey Knitted Fabrics Made from Cotton/ Polyester Core Spun Yarns. Part I: Thermal Comfort Properties

This study focused on the effect of core- sheath ratio, twist and loop length on the thermal comfort properties of single jersey knitted fabrics produced from 100% cotton, 80:20 and 60:40 cotton/polyester core spun yarns. Thermal properties like air permeability, water vapor permeability, thermal conductivity and thermal resistance properties were analyzed with low, medium and high twist and also with loose medium and tight structured fabrics. Box behnken, three level - three variable factorial design software has been used to study the interactive effect of core- sheath ratio, twist and loop length on the thermal comfort properties of single jersey knitted fabrics and response surface equations were derived and design variables were optimized. ANOVA test model reveals the statistical significance of variables on thermal properties with high F-value and low p-values. From this study it is observed that the decrease in cotton ratio decreases the fabric thickness, becomes lighter and more porous with higher thermal conductivity, air permeability, water vapour transmission rate and less thermal resistance. Increase in twist and tight loop structure makes thicker and less porous fabric with higher thermal resistance and lesser air permeability, water vapour transmission rate and thermal conductivity.

Physical and Comfort Properties of Athleisure Wear Using Sustainable Bamboo/Cotton Blends

Consumer demands for comfort performance are highly escalated, making global manufacturers turn their attention towards the development of technical textiles with enhanced comfort properties. The comfort characteristics of bamboo/cotton blend along with elastane knitted fabrics made by using ring-spun yarns were studied. Four different blend proportions, namely 53:42:5 cotton/bamboo/elastane, 51:41:8 cotton/bamboo/elastane, 45:40:15 cotton/bamboo/elastane and 59:31:10 cotton/bamboo/elastane were used to produce knitted fabrics by using ring-spun yarn of 14.7 tex. Single jersey knitted fabric was made with the first three proportions and interlock fabric was made with the fourth proportion. Fabric samples have been evaluated for physical properties like CPI, WPI, stitch density and thickness aside from measuring comfort properties like absorbency, air permeability and water vapour permeability. Based on the test results, it was concluded that a Lycra jersey developed with 51:41:8 cotton/bamboo/elastane blend showed good surface and moisture absorbency characteristics.

Thermal and Comfort Properties of Polyester/micro-polyester and Cotton/regenerated Fibers Blended Knitted Fabrics

ABSTRACT Thermo-physiological comfort of textile is related to thermal equilibrium between environment and human body and also provides a balance between the heat production of body and loss of heat. During working actions executed in hot conditions, body produces heat energy in large amount which increase the temperature of body. In consequence, body perspires in vapor and liquid form to reduce the temperature of the body. Thus the clothing requires next to the skin should have the capacity to allow the passage of heat and perspiration through it. Otherwise, it will cause the discomfort for the workers who work in hot environment. That is why the moisture management, air permeability, thermal resistance, and water vapor permeability of the fabric wear next to the skin are very important to maintain the thermal comfort of the worker. In this study eight different type of pure yarns were produced in which two are syntactic and other six are cellulosic and regenerated cellulosic. The six single jersey knitted fabrics were produced from the pure standard polyester yarn combination with cellulosic and regenerated cellulosic yarns through the single feeder of the sample knitting machine. The other six samples were produced from the pure micro polyester yarn combination with cellulosic and regenerated cellulosic yarns. The different tests were performed on the samples to evaluate the thermal comfort properties of the fabrics. The results showed that the single jersey knitted fabric produced from the pure micro polyester yarn combined with the pure tencel yarn provide good all over properties for the hot environment next to skin wear.

Improving the thermal comfort of bamboo & bamboo blended fabrics for sports head scarves

In this work, the thermal comfort properties of bamboo & bamboo blended women’s head scarves that are worn by females during sports events have been investigated. Comfort can be described by the physically relaxed state that is devoid from any pain. The studied samples were single jersey knitted fabrics. All Samples were with the same loop-length from three different types of fibres. The three fibres types are bamboo, cotton, polyester microfiber and their blends with various feeder arrangements. Linear density of bamboo and cotton yarns were 30/1 Ne. Polyester microfiber yarns with Liner density 150 D/144f were used. Results showed that even with same blend ratios, the arrangement of the yarns inside the fabric has an effect on fabric thickness. Moreover, bamboo fabrics scored the lowest weight due to their low specific density which greatly enhances the comfort levels compared to the other samples. Compared to all samples, Bamboo samples excelled in both thermal conductivity and Qmax tests.

Effect of Lycra Weight Percent and Loop Length on Thermo-physiological Properties of Elastic Single Jersey Knitted Fabric

Abstract The aim of this work is to estimate the effect of loop length and Lycra weight percent (Lwp) on the geometrical and thermo-physiological comfort of elastic plain knitted fabric. Fifty single jersey knitted fabric samples were produced at five levels of Lycra weight percent (Lwp) (4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, and 8%) and loop length (2.7 mm, 2.9 mm, 3.1 mm, 3.3 mm, and 3.4 mm) with full plaited (fp) and half plaited (hp) of bare Lycra. The thermo-physiological comfort properties (thermal conductivity, absorptivity, and water vapor permeability), air permeability, and geometrical properties were measured at standard of each one. The results showed that the elastic single jersey knitted fabric thickness ranged between 3.12 times and 4.2 times of the yarn diameter (d). The fabric thickness increased when loop length is increased and decreased when Lwp is increased. The thermal conductivity, absorptivity, and water vapor resistance (WVR) decreased with Lwp increasing.

Thermal comfort properties of cotton/spandex single jersey knitted fabric

Knitted fabrics are characterized by comfort compared to woven fabrics due to their high extensibility and airpermeability, but they have lower dimensional stability after repeated washing especially single jersey knitted fabric(SJKF). Therefore, the spandex (Lycra) core-spun yarns are used to maintain the dimensions of knitted fabrics duringuse and after repeated stresses. In this study, nine elastic SJKF samples were produced at three levels of loop lengthand spandex percent using yarn linear density 30/1 Ne. For comparison, three 100% cotton knitted samples wereproduced with the same levels of loop length and yarn count. The dimensional and thermal comfort properties of thelong-stretch samples were compared with the short-stretch cotton knitted fabric. The thermal comfort properties (thermalconductivity, resistance, absorptivity, and water vapour permeability), air permeability, and dimensional properties weremeasured and compared to 100% cotton samples. The results showed that the stitch density, fabric density, fabricthickness, and thermal resistance increased, whereas the air, water vapour permeability, and spirality angle decreasedin cotton/spandex samples.

Calculation of interlock, 1 × 1 rib, and single jersey knitted fabrics shrinkage during the dyeing process after determining loop shape

This study investigated existing dimensional variations in knitted fabrics produced by weft-knitting technology for knitting and dry relaxation, dyed and dry relaxation, and dyed and wash relaxation for the interlock, 1 × 1 rib, and single jersey structures. This paper demonstrates that once the structure has been knitted, the shape that the loop takes in the fabric, and loop length and loop width, for each relaxation state will be the main factor responsible for dimensional variations in cotton knitted fabrics. It also shows how loop length affects knitted fabric dimensions when knitting machine parameters are modified by varying the use of feeders, and obtaining more loosely or more tightly knitted fabrics. In this study a model to predict the longitudinal and transversal shrinkage of interlock, 1 × 1 rib, and single jersey fabrics after the dyeing process is presented. This avoids following the conventional analysis procedure according to Standard UNE-EN ISO 6330 of September 2012 and, thus, avoids investing relatively long calculation times, which speeds up the production process by avoiding product lots being stopped. These results are important for textile industry technicians as they substantially simplify production calculations in weft-knitted fabrics companies. This work offers an effective method for predicting the longitudinal and transversal shrinkage and width of knitting fabrics after the dyeing process from the loop dimension after the knitting process. The application of the study results may help businesses to significantly save time and, consequently, imply an intermediate product stock investment saving.

Effect of material and applied finishes on the properties of single jersey knitted fabric

Effect of material and applied finishes on the properties of single jersey knitted fabric

Application of silicon based nano emulsion on single jersey knitted fabrics to improve their Comfort

Application of silicon based nano emulsion on single jersey knitted fabrics to improve their Comfort

Modelling the Effect of Resin-Finishing Process Variables on the Dimensional Stability and Bursting Strength of Viscose Plain Knitted Fabric Using a Fuzzy Expert System

The application of cross-linking resin is an effective method for improving and controlling dimensional stability, such as the shrinkage of viscose single jersey knits. However, such treatment often leads to a significant deterioration in the bursting strength of treated fabrics. In this regard, resin treatment using a softening agent can be an additional potential solution for retaining the bursting strength of treated fabrics. Resin treatment is one kind of chemical finishing process that inhibits cellulosic textile fibre swelling during wetting, provides fibre resistance to deformation and prevents shrinkage. The key objective of this study was to model the effect of resin-finishing process variables for predicting the shrinkage control and bursting strength of viscose single jersey knitted fabrics. The MATLAB (Version 8.2.0.701) fuzzy expert system was used to model the optimum resin and softener concentrations, as well as the best curing time for the prediction of maximum shrinkage control with a minimum loss in fabric bursting strength. The optimal process variables were found to be a resin concentration of 75 g/l, a softener concentration of 45 g/l and a curing time of 225 seconds. The fuzzy expert model developed in this study was validated using experimental data. It was found that the model has the ability and accuracy to predict fabric shrinkage and bursting strength effectively in the non-linear field.

Effects of yarn size and blood drop size on wicking and bloodstains in textiles.

Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) for stains found on non-porous surfaces has matured into a powerful forensic science tool based on fluid mechanics principles. The same cannot be said when bloodstains are found on porous substrates, such as textiles. This is partially due to the complex nature of textiles with tens of thousands of different materials in addition to unknown wear characteristics. In this study, three single jersey knit fabrics were manufactured from 100% cotton ring-spun yarns of linear densities of 12, 20, and 30 Ne (492, 295, and 197 dtex, respectively) and nearly identical twist multipliers. Single drops of porcine blood of 2, 10, 30, and 60µL were allowed to fall 1cm (to eliminate the impact of blood velocity) onto each fabric to understand the effects of yarn size on wicking and bloodstains. The size of the stain was then measured and compared for different fabrics and blood drop sizes. Wicking of blood into the fabric was fastest for the largest yarn fabrics, but more extensive wicking occurred on finer yarn fabrics resulting in much larger stains. All stains were highly altered due to wicking of blood. The findings from this paper might help the forensic scientists in understanding wicking in textiles and comparing stains on different textiles to gain a better understanding of bloodstains on textiles.