Single Extraction Research Articles

Galactagogue activity of poly-herbal decoction from Indonesia: a randomized open label controlled trial.

Indonesia have several herbs empirically used as galactagogue. However there are limited clinical evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of this herbs especially poly-herb. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of polyherbal galactagogue (PHG) consist of katuk leaves, torbangun leaves and papaya leaves compared to commercial galactagogue capsules (CGC) that contain a single plant extract, katuk leaves. This study was an open label randomized controlled trial with 120 subjects that randomly assigned into two groups, PHG and CGC. This study was conducted at the herbal medicine research house (Rumah Riset Jamu/RRJ) Hortus Medicus and 30 subsites in Central Java and Jogjakarta provinces from July to November 2018. Duration ofintervention 28days. Parameter of efficacy breast milk volume, baby weight, prolactin level and parameter of safety ALT, AST, Urea, Creatinin were performed at baseline, day 14 and 28. The symptom of side effects also recorded every week. Breast milk volume and infant's weight increased at day-14 and 28 in both groups. However, prolactin level in both groups decreased. There were no significant differences of efficacy parameters at baseline in both groups. At three times measurement of ALT, AST, Urea and Ceratinin average levels were within the normal range. About 3-5% mothers experience higher ALT, AST and nausea that can tolerated well. No side effect was found in infants. PHG and CGC have the equal efficacy and safety as a galactagogue. The optimal used is for 14days.

Optimization of extraction of crude polysaccharide from Cassia seed via ultrasonic assisted cellulase and study on its antioxidant activity

In order to improve the current low extraction rate of cassia polysaccharide and improve its extraction efficiency, the ultrasonic wave assisted cellulase extraction method of cassia polysaccharide is first proposed and optimized. Orthogonal test is conducted to analyze the influence of six factors related to cellulase and ultrasonic wave on the extraction of cassia polysaccharide, and at the same time to explore the antioxidant activity of the extracted polysaccharide in vitro. The results show that the main and secondary factors affecting the extraction rate of cassia polysaccharide are pH > ultrasonic power > enzyme dosage > enzymatic hydrolysis temperature > enzymatic hydrolysis time > ultrasonic time. The optimal conditions are: enzyme dosage: 1.6%, enzymatic hydrolysis time: 80 min, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature: 52 ℃, enzymatic hydrolysis pH: 6.4, ultrasonic time: 30 min, ultrasonic power: 276 W, the polysaccharide yield under the optimal conditions is 12.29%, which is 5.31% and 14.43% higher than the single enzyme extraction method and ultrasonic extraction method reported in the literature, respectively, indicating that the composite extraction method is superior to the single extraction method. The antioxidant activity analysis shows that the half inhibitory concentrations of cassia polysaccharide against DPPH·, ABTS·+, ·OH, ·O2- free radicals are 0.894 mg/mL, 1.175 mg/mL, 1.908 mg/mL and 7.601 mg/mL, respectively, which shows good antioxidant activity in vitro. Therefore, ultrasonic assisted cellulase extraction of crude polysaccharide from cassia seed is a new efficient and rapid extraction method.

Histopathological and Biochemical Assessment of Annona muricata and Allium sativum Pooled Extract on Testosterone Induced Prostate Hyperplasia in Albino Rats

Aims: To investigate the effect of pooled extract of Annona muricata (A. muricata) and Allium sativum (A. sativum) on testosterone-induced prostate hyperplasia in male albino rats.
 Experimental Procedure: Male albino rats for the study were divided into seven groups identified as A-G groups. Group A and G were used as negative and positive controls with 12 and 5 rats respectively. Male rats in group B-G were induced with 3mg/kg body weight of testosterone propionate injection subcutaneously for 28 days. Animals in group B and C received 100mg/kg body weight of individual Annona muricata and Allium sativum extract respectively, while animals in group D-F received 100mg/kg, 300mg/kg and 600mg/kg body weight of the pooled extracts. We evaluated relative prostate weight(PI),serum prostate specific antigen(PSA),interleukins-6(IL-6), total protein, and histological changes including KI 67 and BCL2 expressions.
 Results and Conclusion: The study revealed that pooled extracts of A. muricata and A. sativum significantly inhibited prostatic hyperplasia; decreased PI,serum PSA,IL-6, total protein, and expression of KI 67, far better than the any of the single plant extract in this study. This suggests that pooled extract of A, muricata and A, sativum may be used as a therapeutic agent for prostatic hyperplasia, as a result of the influence of the phytochemical constituents.

The use of natural extracts with photoprotective activity: a 2015-2023 patent prospection.

Synthetic sunscreen offers protection against excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, and protects the skin from possible damage. However, they have low efficacy against the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are highly reactive molecules that can be generated in the skin when it is exposed to UV radiation, and are known to play a role in oxidative stress, which can contribute to skin aging and damage. Thus, there is an ongoing search for sunscreens that do not have these negative effects. One promising source for these is natural products. Therefore, the current patent review summarizes topical formulations made from natural compounds that have antioxidant properties and can be used as photoprotective or anti-aging agents, either using a single natural extract or a combination of extracts. The review reports basic patent information (applicant country, type of applicant, and year of filing) and gives details about the invention, including its chemical composition, and the in vitro and in vivo tests performed. These patents describe natural products that can be used to protect the skin and validate their efficacy, and safety, in addition to standardizing their formulations. The compositions described illustrate the consistent innovation in the use of natural products to protect against UV damage and photoaging disorders, a promising field which is receiving growing global recognition.

Extraction of <i>trans</i>-Anethole from Star Anise (<i>Illicium verum</i>) Using Combination of Microwave, Ultrasonic, and Enzyme Assisted Methods and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activity

This study examines the efficiency of non-conventional extraction methods to obtain trans-anethole from Illicium verum using single and combination extraction techniques: microwave assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and enzyme assisted extraction (EAE) employing lipase from Aspergillus oryzae. All extraction methods were conducted using 96% ethanol (1:5 w/v) with varying time durations. The resulting product was an oleoresin, subsequently analyzed and separated using thin liquid chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography employing a solvent mixture of toluene and ethyl acetate in a 9:1 ratio and identified via gas chromatography-mass spectra (GC-MS). The results revealed that trans-anethole yields from a single extraction method were 30.76% (MAE), 41.05% (UAE), and 40.90% (EAE). The combination of extraction methods, such as MAE-UAE, MAE-EAE, and UAE-EAE, produced trans-anethole yields of approximately 42.73%, 52.80%, and 45.02% respectively, surpassing the yields of the single extraction method. Notably, the triple extraction method of MAE-UAE-EAE yielded the highest trans-anethole content at 56.00%. Antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus aureus was performed on all samples. The trans-anethole demonstrating the highest inhibitory effect was obtained from the double extraction method, particularly the combination of UAE-EAE. These results underscore the synergistic efficiency of combining microwave, ultrasound, and enzymatic extraction methods, highlighting their superior efficacy in obtaining trans-anethole.

In-vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity for Combination of Ethanol Extract from Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) and Red Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber officinale Roxb.)

Sappan wood and red ginger rhizome have been utilized as herbal medicine due to their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, analgesic, and immunomodulatory activities. Previous study revealed that sappan wood and red ginger rhizome showed good anti-inflammatory activity. However, the studies are focused on single extract. There are no research about combining the sappan wood extract and red ginger rhizome extract for antiinflammatory agent. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of the combination of sappan wood and red ginger rhizome ethanol extracts for antiinflammatory properties using red blood cell (RBC) membrane stabilization test. The tested samples consisted of sappan wood ethanol extract, red ginger rhizome ethanol extract, combination formulas (F1, F2, and F3), and positive control (diclofenac sodium). F1 comprises a 1:1 mixture of ethanol extract of sappan wood and red ginger rhizome, while F2 and F3 are composed of 2:1 and 1:2, respectively. The IC50 values for sappan wood ethanol extract, red ginger rhizome ethanol extract, and formulas F1, F2, and F3 were 47.63, 181.26, 101.93, 94.98, and 104.98 ppm, respectively. Statistical analysis using the one-way Anova followed by the Games-Howell post-hoc test revealed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the IC50 of each sample. For single extracts, sappan wood is better as an anti-inflammatory. Meanwhile, in the formulations, Formula F2 is superior as an anti-inflammatory agent

Mechanisms of copper and zinc bioremoval by microalgae and bacteria grown in nutrient rich wastewaters

Swine farming produces large quantities of nutrient-rich wastewater, which often contains metals such as Cu and Zn, used as feed additives for pigs. These metals must be removed from the wastewater before discharge but their retention in the biomass can limit its subsequent utilization. Photobioreactors are a very promising alternative for swine wastewater treatment, as the consortium of microalgae and bacteria growing symbiotically in these reactors allows high nutrient and metal removal efficiency at moderate costs. This work studies the mechanisms of removal of Cu(II) and Zn(II) by the two types of microorganisms growing in these photobioreactors. A microalga commonly used in wastewater treatment (Scenedesmus almeriensis) and an activated sludge were kept in contact with synthetic wastewater containing 100 mg/L of Cu and Zn. After 72 h, Scenedesmus almeriensis removed 43% of Cu and 45% of Zn, while activated sludge removed 78% of Cu and 96% of Zn. Single and sequential extractions of the biomasses using different extracting reagents revealed that biosorption on protonable groups is the dominant removal mechanisms. Mild reagents solubilized 69% of Cu and 94% of Zn from the microalgae and 76% of Cu and 93% of Zn from the activated sludge. Low metal concentrations in the oxidizable and residual fractions evidenced minimal bioaccumulation inside the cells. FTIR and ESEM-EDX analysis confirmed biosorption by ion exchange and complexation as the main metal remediation mechanisms. The weak bonds of the biosorbed Cu and Zn ions are beneficial for the valorization of biomass and the obtaining of safe bioproducts.

An LC-MS/MS method for the determination of drugs of abuse included THC-COOH, EtG, and NPS, using a single hair extraction sample.

Hair analysis plays an important role in the determination of drugs of abuse in both forensic and clinical toxicology investigations. The analysis of different substances often requires the use of different sample preparation methods, thereby increasing the amount of hair sample and time required. In the present study, a fast method involving a combination of a single 25 mg hair extraction procedure and four liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods using the same chromatographic phases and column was developed and validated. The target was the identification and quantification of various commonly abused drugs and their metabolites, including amphetamines, cocaine, opioids, cannabinoids, THC-COOH and EtG, and more than 140 new psychoactive substances, including synthetic cannabinoids, phenethylamines, synthetic opioids, methylphenidate, cathinone, piperidine, and tryptamines.

Polysaccharide structure evaluation of Ganoderma lucidum from different regions in China based on an innovative extraction strategy

The polysaccharides and triterpenes are important functional components of Ganoderma lucidum, but traditional preparation process of G. lucidum functional components can only realize the preparation of single functional component, which has poor targeting and low efficiency. In this study, the existence state of the functional components of G. lucidum was revealed. Then, the single step extraction process for functional components was established, and the precise structure evaluation of polysaccharide and triterpenes was conducted based on the process. The results showed that preparation time required for this strategy is only one-sixth of the traditional one, and 50 % of raw materials can be saved. Structural analysis of the functional components revealed that triterpenes were mainly Ganoderic acid and Lucidenic acid, and the polysaccharide structure was mainly 1,3-glucan and 1,3,6-glucan. The establishment of single step extraction strategy and the evaluation of the fine structure of functional components improved the efficiency of preparation and result determination, and provided an important basis for the development and utilization of green and low-carbon G. lucidum and even edible fungi resources and human nutritional dietary improvement strategies.

Abstract 2430: Enhancing urine-based cfDNA detection for prostate cancer diagnosis through increased urine input volume

Abstract Introduction: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) extracted from urine has created new opportunities in non-invasive cancer diagnostics, particularly for prostate cancer. Detecting cfDNA in urine can be challenging due to its inherently low concentration. Increasing the input volume of urine addresses this limitation, enhancing the sensitivity of cfDNA detection. This study explores the benefit of collecting larger volumes of urine spiked with a TP53 mutation and the corresponding increase in assay sensitivity for early prostate cancer diagnosis and monitoring. Methods: Pooled urine from healthy donors was collected, preserved, processed, and extracted from 10 mL, 20 mL, 30 mL, 40 mL, and 50 mL inputs (with four replicates each) using the Revolution Max 20 cfDNA Extraction kit. Replicate samples were also extracted using a MagMAX cfDNA Isolation kit from Thermo Fisher Scientific. All samples were spiked with a cfDNA standard containing TP53 R58L mutation. The quantity and quality of extracted cfDNA were determined using the Agilent TapeStation system with the Cell-free DNA ScreenTape assay and qPCR mutation detection assay. Results: The Revolution Max 20 cfDNA kit consistently delivered a higher yield of cfDNA, demonstrating excellent extraction efficiency and quality, as shown by the Agilent Cell-free DNA ScreenTape assay. Notably, the Revolution Max 20 cfDNA kit exhibited a linear increase in yield as the sample volume grew from 10 mL to 50 mL. The MagMax kit did not provide this yield linearity. Furthermore, both methods successfully maintained the integrity of cfDNA fragmentation, which was confirmed through the Agilent Cell-free DNA ScreenTape assay. Conclusion: Compared to the MagMax kit, the Revolution Max 20 cfDNA kit outperforms in extracting cfDNA with high efficiency, as shown by the Agilent Cell-free DNA ScreenTape and the qPCR assay. The Revolution Max 20 cfDNA kit offers the unique advantage of accommodating up to 50 mL of urine in a single extraction. As input volume increases, it consistently produces high cfDNA yields while maintaining quality. In contrast, the MagMax kit is limited to an input volume of only 10 mL, necessitating the cumbersome process of dividing a 50 mL urine sample into five separate extractions and pooling the eluates. This scheme resulted in lower yields. The Agilent Cell-free DNA ScreenTape assay is a valuable tool for quickly and accurately assessing the %cfDNA quality metric. Its minimal sample volume requirement makes it an efficient quality control method for determining cfDNA samples before performing downstream testings. The enhanced capability of the Revolution Max 20 kit to yield more significant quantities of high-quality cfDNA from urine samples can profoundly impact liquid biopsy test sensitivity and the early detection of prostate cancer, potentially revolutionizing the diagnostics process. Citation Format: Nafiseh Jafari, Annika Dorn, Jason Saenz, Lauren Lee, Carlos Hernandez, Andrew Dunnigan, Mayer Saidian. Enhancing urine-based cfDNA detection for prostate cancer diagnosis through increased urine input volume [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2430.

Single extract of Forsythia Suspense versus the prepared drug in pieces: comparison of their anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antibacterial effects in zebrafish

To compare the anti-inflammatory, antitumor and anti-bacterial effects of the single extract (in granules) and the prepared drug in pieces of Forsythia Suspense (Lianqiao, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine). In zebrafish embryo models of CuSO4 exposure, tail transection and LPS microinjection-induced inflammation, the anti-inflammatory effects of 10 μg/mL DEX, single extract of Forsythia Suspense, and the water extract of the prepared drug (400, 600, and 800 μg/mL) were evaluated by observing neutrophil counts, RT- qPCR, HE staining and survival analysis. Zebrafish embryo models bearing different human tumor cell xenografts were used to assess the anti-tumor effect of the drugs in different dosage forms by fluorescence staining and HE staining. The microbroth dilution method was used to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of the drugs. In the zebrafish embryo models of inflammation, both of the two dosage forms of Forsythia Suspense significantly inhibited neutrophil aggregation, reduced the mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, P38, Jnk, Erk and P65, and increased the survival rate of zebrafish. They both showed obvious inhibitory effects against xenografts of different human cancer cells including colon cancer cells (HCT116), pancreas adenocarcinoma cells (PANC-1), lung cancer cells (A549), liver cancer cells (Hep3B) and cervical carcinoma cells (Hela) in zebrafish embryos, and exhibited strong anti-bacterial effects at the concentration of 15.63 mg/mL. The two dosage forms of Forsythia Suspense have similar anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antibacterial effects, but their effects for inhibiting IL-6, P65, and Jnk mRNA expressions and HCT116 cell proliferation differ significantly at low doses in zebrafish.

The Long-Term Esthetic and Radiographic Outcome of Implants Placed in the Anterior Maxilla after Ridge Preservation, Combining Bovine Xenograft with Collagen Matrix.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the long-term esthetic and radiographic results of implants placed in the anterior maxilla after ridge preservation, combining bovine xenograft with collagen matrix. Fifteen patients who required a single tooth extraction because of fracture, root resorption, or extended caries were included in the study. After extraction, all sites were grafted using Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral (DBBM) with collagen and covered by a resorbable collagen matrix (CM). Five months after socket grafting, implants were successfully installed. The implant diameter range was between 3.8 and 4.2 mm. All patients were monitored for over 7 years, both clinically and radiographically. Three independent observers evaluated the long-term esthetic outcome, employing the Pink Esthetic Score (PES) technique. Over a period exceeding seven years, a 100% survival rate was observed for all 15 implants, with minimal marginal bone loss. The mean PES was 11.40 (±1.44) at the first assessment and 11.38 (±1.63) at the second assessment. The difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.978), and the scores of PES measurements indicated excellent esthetic results even after seven years. Based on these preliminary results, it seems that placing collagen bovine bone in a fresh extraction socket, covered with a collagen matrix, can preserve the alveolar ridge and provide long-term stable esthetic results.

A Research Work On: Comparative Antimicrobial Study of Marigold (Tagetes Erecta L.) and Neem (Azadirachta Indica) Against Gram Positive S. Aureus Bacteria

The most common cause of pyogenic infection of the skin and soft tissues in children is Staphylococcus aureus, a fast-emerging problem due to its accompanying significant cost and morbidity. The popularity of herbal medications has increased due to the search for cheaper and more accessible alternatives. However, data is still lacking to back up these claims. In this research work the main aim to increase the activity of neem against bacteria by incorporating flower extraction of African marigold. As both leave extraction of neem and flower extraction of marigold has potent inhibition properties against Staphylococcus aureus, a gram positive bacteria, so dual action can be achieved and the inhibition properties also get stimulated. Here the methanolic exaction of both plants were taken in an identical manner and incorporate in a culture of Staphylococcus aureus and check the zone of inhibition for neem extraction as well as neem and marigold combination extraction. The result of this combination shows dramatically increase in prohibition as compare to single neem extraction. So, the conclusion is that the combination therapy of Tagetes erecta L. and Azadirachta indica can increase the property of prohibition against gram positive bacteria.

A solid-liquid microextraction approach from a spot in an adsorbent layer of a chromatographic plate

A new approach to extracting substances from a spot on a chromatographic plate for subsequent liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis is described. This method involves extraction in a solid phase (an adsorbent layer of a chromatographic plate) - a liquid system using a simple device. For a single extraction of six selected coccidiostats from the adsorbent layer on the chromatographic plate with silica gel, 50 µL of methanol was used for 5 min. The data from the extraction experiments and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry measurements demonstrated a good correlation between the ratio of the peak areas of the coccidiostats to the internal standard and the concentration of the substances in the range of two orders of magnitude. The coefficients of determination for the mentioned correlations range from 0.962 to 0.999. Moreover, the repeatability and reproducibility, expressed as the percentage values of relative standard deviation, do not exceed 7.5 % for any of the coccidiostats.

Effectiveness of Biopesticides Nicotiana tabacum L and Ageratum conyzoides L As Controlling Spodoptera exigua in Red Onion (Allium ascalonicum L.)

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum) are a commodity in Indonesia that has high economic value. One of the pests that often attacks and reduces shallot yields is the onion caterpillar pest S. exigua. Tobacco plants and babadotan weeds are types of plants that can be used as botanical pesticides as a method of controlling and preventing pest attacks on plants. Tobacco and babadotan plants contain secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids and tannins which are able to kill insect pests on shallot plants. The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of tobacco extract (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and Babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) as control of the onion caterpillar pest Spodoptera exigua on shallots. The highest combined mortality rate was treated with T6 at 96JSP with an average of 75%,The lowest larval mortality percentage test was found in T2 with an average mortality result of 22.50%.The results of biosafety testing show that the combination of tobacco extract and babadotan extract cannot be used together. From the conclusions that have been obtained, the extracts of (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and (Ageratum conyzoides L.), both single extracts and combination extracts, are effective in controlling the pest S.exigua

Valorization of Coffee Silverskin Using Extraction Cycles and Water as a Solvent: Design of Process.

Coffee silverskin is a byproduct of the coffee industry, appearing in large quantities during the roasting step. In this work, a sober and simple water process is proposed, using extractions cycles, to produce valuable products including (a) an extract rich in caffeine, (b) possibly pure caffeine, and (c) insoluble fibers. The hypothetical number of necessary cycles was calculated and compared to the number of cycles used experimentally. Two types of cycles, with and without water compensation, were compared for their water consumption and the amount of caffeine extracted. The use of cycles, with the resulting product from a previous extraction as a solvent for fresh biomass, drove a significant rise in the content of caffeine determined by a UV-visible detector with a spectrophotometer and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). After 11 extraction cycles with water compensation, we obtained an extract 4.5 times more concentrated in caffeine (4.25 mg/mL) than after a single extraction (1.03 mg/mL).

A Single Data Extraction Algorithm for Oblique Photographic Data Based on the U-Net

In the automated modeling generated by oblique photography, various terrains cannot be physically distinguished individually within the triangulated irregular network (TIN). To utilize the data representing individual features, such as a single building, a process of building monomer construction is required to identify and extract these distinct parts. This approach aids subsequent analyses by focusing on specific entities, mitigating interference from complex scenes. A deep convolutional neural network is constructed, combining U-Net and ResNeXt architectures. The network takes as input both digital orthophoto map (DOM) and oblique photography data, effectively extracting the polygonal footprints of buildings. Extraction accuracy among different algorithms is compared, with results indicating that the ResNeXt-based network achieves the highest intersection over union (IOU) for building segmentation, reaching 0.8255. The proposed “dynamic virtual monomer” technique binds the extracted vector footprints dynamically to the original oblique photography surface through rendering. This enables the selective representation and querying of individual buildings. Empirical evidence demonstrates the effectiveness of this technique in interactive queries and spatial analysis. The high level of automation and excellent accuracy of this method can further advance the application of oblique photography data in 3D urban modeling and geographic information system (GIS) analysis.

Diagnosing Brain Tumors from MRI images through a Multi-Fused CNN with Auxiliary Layers

In this study, we proposed a novel Multi-Fused Residual Convolutional Neural Network (MFR-CNN) with Auxiliary Fusing Layers (AuxFL) to diagnose various types of brain tumor MRI images. The MFR-CNN was designed to handle four specific cases, namely glioma, meningioma, pituitary, and healthy brain images, obtained from reliable Kaggle databases. Our proposed model integrated three state-of-the-art models into a single feature extraction pipeline, incorporating partially frozen and truncated layers. This strategic fusion enabled the propagation of robust features and improved diagnostic performance without incurring significant computing costs, unlike most existing state-of-the-art models. Moreover, the MFR-CNN effectively mitigated overfitting and performance saturation issues, providing a notable advantage over models lacking these components. Upon evaluation, our proposed model achieved an outstanding accuracy of 94%, surpassing the efficiency and accuracy of conventionally trained DCNNs. Notably, the MFR-CNN demonstrated potential in enhancing brain tumor diagnosis more cost-efficiently than ensembles and outperforming conventional pre-trained and fine-tuned DCNNs. In conclusion, the proposed MFR-CNN with AuxFL and FuRB exhibits promising capabilities to improve the diagnosis of brain tumors, offering better cost-efficiency and accuracy compared to existing methods.

SELECTION OF METHODOLOGY FOR THIOPHAN M ISOLATION FROM ANIMAL ORGANS

Introduction. An important preparatory stage of collecting information for the registration of a new drug is the study of its pharmacokinetic parame-ters in accordance with the requirements of good laboratory practice. The preparatory stage of such a study consists in the selection of optimal condi-tions for sample preparation of biological objects to determine the test substance in them. The purpose of this study is to select optimal conditions for sample preparation, including the pH value of the extractant, and isolation of Thio-phane M from the organs of laboratory animals (rats) for its further voltammetric determination according to the previously developed method. Material and methods. The object of the study was the substance Thiophane M [dodecyl(3,5,-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfide], which is a promis-ing biologically active compound with antioxidant properties, developed on the basis of the Department of Chemistry of Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University together with the Research Institute of Antioxidant Chemistry. Experimental data were obtained using 5 male rats weighing from 350-380 g, which were injected with an intragastrically tested sample of Thiophane M at a dose of 500 mg/kg in the form of an oil solution in olive oil. Results. The total number of samples obtained and examined is 180. Based on the data obtained with their subsequent statistical processing by the indirect differences method according to the State Pharmacopoeia of the XIV edition, it was established that the optimal condition for the extraction of Thiophane M is a single extraction with diethyl ether, which is confirmed by the results of voltammetric analysis. We have found that the greatest number Thiophane M localized in the brain, heart and lungs (364.08.20, 332.016.47 and 275.025.40 µcg/g, respectively), fewer Thiophane M detect-ed in kidney, spleen and liver (146.015.50, 81.08.66 56.014.53 µcg/g, respectively). Conclusions. Of all the methods of Thiophan M isolation from rat organs, the method using diethyl ether as an extractant was chosen, which gave stable results due to the maximum extraction of the substance.

QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF MAULI BANANA STEM AND BASIL LEAVES EXTRACT MIXTURE

Background: Mauli banana stem extract and basil leaves extract are ingredients that has been involved in in vitro and in vivo researches for their pharmacognosy and therapeutic applications. Preliminary phytochemical test of both individual extract revealed the presence of triterpenoid, tannin, phenolic, saponin, steroid, alkaloid, and flavonoid compound. A combination of mauli banana stem and basil leaves extract is believed to work synergistically and may have a more beneficial effect than in single herbal extract. Purpose: To analyze the results of quantitative phytochemical of mauli banana stem and basil leaves extract mixture. Method: Non-experimental research with quantitative laboratory examination to determine sample content. Results: The result showed that mauli banana stem and basil leaves extract mixture contain triterpenoid (30%), saponin (24,75%), flavonoid (15%), alkaloid (22%), phenolic (8%), steroid (4,62%), and tannin (0,03%). Conclusion: Mauli banana stem and basil leaves extract mixture correlated with an increase in majority of the bioactive compound compared to the single extract and would serve as a promising source for phytomedicine. The bioactive compound with the highest content was triterpenoid with 30%, while the lowest was tannin with 0,03%. Keywords: Basil leave extract, Mauli banana stem extract, Quantitative phytochemical test