Single Dye Research Articles

Competitive Adsorption of Three Reactive Dyes by Activated Carbon

In this study three reactive dyes (blue B, red R and yellow Y) in single , binary and ternary solution were adsorbed by activated carbon AC in equilibrium and kinetic experiments. Surface area, Bulk and real density, and porosity were carried out for the activated carbon.Batch Experiments of pH (2.5-8.5) and initial concentration (5-100) mg/l were carried out for single solution for each dye. Experiments of adsorbent dosage effect (0.1-1)g per 100 ml were studied as a variable to evaluate uptake% and adsorption capacity for single dyes(5, 10) ppm, binary and ternary (10) ppm of mixture solutions solution of dyes. Langmuir, and Freundlich, models were used as Equilibrium isotherm models for single solution. Extended Langmuir and Freundlich were used of multi-dyes solutions. Kinetic (contact time) experiments carried out for single dyes (5, 10)ppm, binary and ternary(10) ppm of mixture solutions at dosage of adsorbent 5 g/l and pH(6.2-6.7) in order to investigate the fitting with the kinetic models (pseudo first and second order) and intrapartical to determine the mechanism of transfer the molecules of dye from bulk phase to solid phase. Beer law principle and modified method Multi linear Regression (MLR) was used for single, binary and ternary dyes solutions

Comparison of the emission wavelengths by a single fluorescent dye on in vivo 3-photon imaging of mouse brains

Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is a powerful imaging technology for brain research. The imaging depth in MPM is partly determined by emission wavelength of fluorescent labels. It has been demonstrated that a longer emission wavelength is favorable for signal detection as imaging depth increases. However, there has been no comparison with near-infrared (NIR) emission. In order to quantitatively analyze the effect of emission wavelength on 3-photon imaging of mouse brains in vivo, we utilize the same excitation wavelength to excite a single fluorescent dye and simultaneously collect NIR and orange-red emission fluorescence at 828[Formula: see text]nm and 620[Formula: see text]nm, respectively. Both experimental and simulation results show that as the imaging depth increases, NIR emission decays less than orange-red fluorescent emission. These results show that it is preferable to shift the emission wavelength to NIR to enable more efficient signal collection deep in the brain.

Acid Red 17, Acid Yellow 11, Direct Yellow 12, Direct Blue 86 ve Mordant Violet 40 Boyalarının Karışımını İçeren Suyun Arıtılması İçin Gelişmiş Oksidasyon İşlemi

The removal of dyes from wastewater is one of the biggest problems in the textile industry for
 both environment and manufacturers. This study examined the possibility of applying ozone 
 (O3) and O3 in combination with ultraviolet (UV) to treat a mixture of synthetic wastewater 
 containing five different dyes (Acid Red 17, Acid Yellow 11, Direct Yellow 12, Direct Blue 86 
 and Mordant Violet 40) for the decolorization efficiency of dyes with different chromophore 
 and anchor groups. The contact time was studied in a batch reactor under the flow of O3 or 
 O3 combined with UV to achieve optimal operating conditions. The results showed that the 
 application of O3 was more effective than UV-assisted ozonation. The advanced oxidation of 
 each dye in this mixture was compared with the removal of the same dye in the solution 
 separately. The results proved that there is only a slight difference in the time required to 
 remove the dye from the mixture and the single dye in the water solution.

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) dyeing of cellulose acetate: An opportunity for a “greener” circular textile economy

AbstractThis article compares the dyeing of cellulose diacetate (cellulose‐based) and polyester fabrics using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) and aqueous media. The benefits of dyeing in SC‐CO2 were clearly demonstrated in laboratory‐based and pilot‐scale studies in terms of increased colour strength, uniformity, fastness and the absence of auxiliaries such as dispersing agents or surfactants. In addition, the “super‐levelling” nature of the SC‐CO2 medium was demonstrated in the reprocessing of polyester “waste textile” and the re‐use of the “locked‐in waste” colourant. The SC‐CO2 processing medium can be utilised to accurately colour “multiple life” polyester and cellulose acetate uniformly and to creatively tie‐dye polyester and cellulose acetate fabrics. Through SC‐CO2 fluid technology, we can envisage a viable waterless circular manufacturing and recycling/remanufacturing framework for the predominantly polyester global fibre market coupled to the sustainably sourced, biodegradable cellulose diacetate as a replacement for cotton. The key technical and commercial advantages being the use of a single solvent dye class for both polyester and the cellulose diacetate, saving on energy costs, integrated simpler processing, reduced water usage and associated efficient recycling. Further, repositioning the cellulosic fibre industry towards using sustainable forests is attractive in terms of improved land, water and environmental management.

New insights on manganese dioxide nanoparticles loaded on cellulose-based biochar of cassava peel for the adsorption of three cationic dyes from wastewater

Herein, a cost-effective nanomaterial with excellent adsorption capacity, simply prepared, using manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoparticles (NP) loaded on cellulose-based biochar of an agricultural waste, which is cassava peel carbon (CPC) and denoted as MnO2-NP-CPC. MnO2-NP-CPC is an environmental-friendly, and efficient adsorbent analyzed using different technics such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). MnO2-NP-CPC was used to remove three different toxic dyes; methylene blue (MB), malachite green (MG), and rhodamine b (RB) from a single (MB), (MG), (RB), binary (MB + MG), (MG + RB), (MB + RB) and ternary (MB + MG + RB) wastewater systems, the impact of pH, adsorbent dose (2–8), initial dye concentrations (10–30 mg/L), temperature (15–35 °C) were fully studied. Furthermore, all the sorption experiments were done including adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics to explore all the mechanisms involved in the sorption of the three ionic dyes in single, binary, and ternary systems. The equilibrium experiments data fitted well the monolayer Langmuir isotherm for the single dye system with correlation coefficients close to 1 (0.98 for MB, 0.99 for MG, and 0.86 for RB), while the extended Langmuir and extended Freundlich isotherms were investigated to study the interaction of the three dyes in their binary systems, the obtained results indicate clearly that the sorption fellows the extended Langmuir model. Besides, the kinetic study showed the applicability of the pseudo-second model for the three dyes. Finally, the thermodynamic adsorption was controlled by physisorption, endothermic, and spontaneous in nature.

Efficient photosensitive light harvesting dye sensitized solar cell using hibiscus and rhodamine dyes

Co-sensitization is a powerful technique for achieving photosensitive light harvesting and enhancing dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) performance. In this article, potential of extracted natural dye from Hibiscus sabdariffa and synthetic organic dye from Rhodamine as single dye source and mixed dyes are used to examine the performance of cells. The UV–Vis absorption spectra showed that examined dye mixture has cumulative absorption properties, such that its absorption spectra overlapped the spectral area. Moreover, DSSCs are characterized using UV–Vis Spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR study was used to observe the functional groups of dye molecules to ensure the anchoring ability of dye to adsorb onto TiO2 layer. X-Ray diffraction spectrum analysis (XRD), Photovoltaic performance of cells, Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were also conducted on the cells. The impedance spectra of dyes show minimum impedance of 17.5 Ω in case of mixed dye. XRD analysis recognizes small crystalline size that reveals anatase crystal phase of TiO2. Co-sensitized dye solar cell shows highest current density (Jsc) of 4.02mA and power conversion efficiency of 1.23%. The outcomes can be attributed to the light harvesting, the good optical condition, and the appropriate energy levels of the co-sensitized dye. Moreover, the homogenous dispersion causes effective dye loading on the surface of semiconductor.

Hollow polyphosphazene microcapsule with rigid-flexible coupling cationic skeletons for highly efficient and selective adsorption of anionic dyes from water

An amino-rich hollow polyphosphazene microcapsule with rigid-flexible coupling cationic skeleton (HTCM) was facilely prepared by one-step polycondensation from hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and tetraethylenepentamine. The systematic adsorption studies for six single dye systems and three binary mixed dye systems showed that HTCM possessed a highly-efficient and selective adsorption behavior towards anionic dyes from water. Especially, the adsorption capacity of HTCM towards methyl orange (MO) at equilibrium reached 1009.66 mg g−1 at 25 °C, and the relative separation factors of anionic dye MO for three cationic dyes (methylene blue, Crystal violet and Rhodamine B) was up to 124.22, 124.87 and 136.35, respectively. The adsorption rate of MO onto HTCM was very rapid, attaining 68.6 % of adsorption equilibrium capacity for MO within the first 30 min. The adsorption kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic analysis revealed that the uptake behavior of HTCM towards MO obeyed pseudo-second-order kinetic model, intraparticle diffusion model and Langmuir model, and the uptake process was spontaneous and endothermic. As verified from FT-IR and XPS analysis for HTCM before and after MO adsorption, the adsorption mechanism of HTCM for MO involved electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding. The present study promises the potential of HTCM for highly selective separation of anionic dyes from wastewater.

Multicolour Laser Emission Based on the Polystyrene Dust

Multicolour emission, independently of the considered mechanism, constitutes an appealing application for modern technologies and an interesting phenomenon for the various fields of science. Moreover, effective and easy colour tuning seems even more engaging. Through this contribution, we present a totally new approach to the organic-based system, which can provide effective and multicolour emission, including laser action. Polystyrene dust (PSd) particles play the role of the optically passive matrix for highly effective laser dyes (Coumarin 504, Coumarin 540, and DCM), which were successfully introduced into the polymer units by liquid crystals carrier. In such a way, various types of organic hybrid systems were created, starting from a single dye embedded in PSd volume, passing by two dye-component architectures, reaching the final and most complex network containing three chromophores, providing three basic tones (red, green, and blue). Moreover, by playing with an optical pumping magnitude, we were able to easily modulate colour tones/shades in a broad range, which is highly appreciated when considering human eye perception.

Energy transfer between optically trapped single ligand-free upconversion nanoparticle and dye

The quenching in luminescence emission of an optically trapped ligand-free hydrophilic NaYF4:Yb, Er upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) as a function of rose Bengal dye molecule is investigated here. The removal of oleate capping of the as-prepared UCNPs was achieved via acid treatment and characterized via FTIR and Raman spectroscopic techniques. Further, the capping removed hydrophilic single UCNP is optically trapped and the emission studies were carried out as a function of excitation laser power. Compared to the studies using the bulk solution, the single UCNP luminescence spectrum exhibited additional spectral lines. The excitation laser power-dependent studies using the bulk solution yield a slope value between 1 and 2 for Blue, Green 1, Green 2, and Red emission and thus indicate that upconversion is a two-photon upconversion process. On the other hand, in the case of laser power-dependent studies on an optically trapped single-particle study, Blue and Green 1 yield a slope value of less than 1 whereas Green 2 and Red emission gave a slope value between 1 and 2. The energy transfer studies between an optically trapped ligand-free single UCNP and the rose Bengal dye show a concentration-dependent quenching in the emission of Green emissions and illustrate the potential of developing sensor platforms.

Synergistic effects on BiFeO3 based cellulose acetate composite and efficient photocatalytic activities for wastewater treatment application

A photocatalyst composite film comprising cellulose acetate (CA)-supported bismuth ferrite (CA-BFO) was successfully fabricated using a phase-inversion technique. The composite was used to assess the removal efficiency for a mixture of crystal violet (CV) and indigo carmine (IC) dyes under direct sunlight. The effects of pH, amount of adsorbent, initial dye concentration, and contact time were investigated. The results indicated that the optimum pH for the removal of both cationic and anionic dyes was 6.0. The best catalyst loading of 0.04 g/L of BiFeO3 distributed in the cellulose acetate membrane could degrade up to 100 ppm of mixed dyes and remain efficient over a wide pH range. The results were consistent with those of single dye removal, with the composite exhibiting preferential adsorption to anionic dyes, IC and having a higher photocatalytic affinity for cationic dyes, CV. Thus, a synergistic mode of CV and IC dye removal by adsorption and photodegradation was proposed. Moreover, the composite approach is a promising alternative for the co-existence of cationic and anionic dye removal from wastewater because of its high efficiency and separation convenience.

Quantity determination of Recorcinol compound by the Reaction with Ferric nitrate dissolved in nitric acid

By this paper we development of an analytical method to determine Recorcinol compound by coupling reaction for diazotized solution of Ferric nitrate dissolved in nitric acid in the presence of buffer solution Na2HPO4 (PH= 10.8) to give a compound with a single azo dye salt having orange color soluble in water with high absortivity at a wave length 449 nm , an early study to have a perfect optimum condition was made for the determination. 
 A calibration curve for a range of concentration (5-75)pm was taken and the value of molar absortivity was 1.5*103 L.mol-1.cm-1 with a relative standard divation more than 1.26% and a recovery 98.77% .
 Also as we study the nature of the azo dye by mole fraction method, from the practical value we found that the mole fraction of the dye compound is 1:1(Recorcinol: Ferric nitrate dissolved in nitric acid) and the stability factor reach to 1.4*106 L.mol-1 .

Analysis of Fast Fluorescence Kinetics of a Single Cyanobacterium Trapped in an Optical Microcavity.

Photosynthesis is one the most important biological processes on earth, producing life-giving oxygen, and is the basis for a large variety of plant products. Measurable properties of photosynthesis provide information about its biophysical state, and in turn, the physiological conditions of a photoautotrophic organism. For instance, the chlorophyll fluorescence intensity of an intact photosystem is not constant as in the case of a single fluorescent dye in solution but shows temporal changes related to the quantum yield of the photosystem. Commercial photosystem analyzers already use the fluorescence kinetics characteristics of photosystems to infer the viability of organisms under investigation. Here, we provide a novel approach based on an optical Fabry-Pérot microcavity that enables the readout of photosynthetic properties and activity for an individual cyanobacterium. This approach offers a completely new dimension of information, which would normally be lost due to averaging in ensemble measurements obtained from a large population of bacteria.

Removal of single dye and dye mixture from aqueous solution with alginate-coated calcined layered double hydroxide and illite clay composite beads

ABSTRACT Alginate-coated calcined layered double hydroxide and illite clay (Alg@CLDH@ Illite) composite beads were fabricated and tested for single and mixture dye adsorption from aqueous solution. Adsorption characteristics of the as-fabricated beads were assessed by using Methylene Blue (MB) and Congo Red (CR) as adsorbates. As-prepared samples were characterised by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetry/Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TG–DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and point of zero charge (pHpzc). The characterisations demonstrated that the incorporation of CLDH powder/clay mixture can not only enhance thermal stability but also can improve the adsorption performance. The adsorption kinetics of dyes onto composite beads followed the linear form of pseudo-second-order model and their equilibrium data were fitted well to the Freundlich model. The results showed that the Alg@CLDH@Illite composite is able to adsorb anionic and cationic dyes from a binary dye mixture with high sorption capacities in short time 50 min.

Viscosity probes towards different organelles with red emission based on an identical hemicyanine structure.

A series of viscosity probes targeting different organelles were obtained using a single hemicyanine dye as the matrix structure. Specifically, probes 1a-d were obtained by introducing four amines (6-amino-2H-chromen-2-one, N-(2-aminoethyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, dodecan-1-amine and N,N diphenylbenzene-1,4-diamine) into the indole hemicyanine dye of the carboxylic acid with a D-π-A structure. Their maximum absorption wavelengths were in the range 570-586 nm and they had relatively large molar absorption coefficients, while their maximum emission wavelengths in the red light region were in the range 596-611 nm. Moreover, their fluorescence intensity in glycerol was 35-184 times higher than that in phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The lg(Fl) and lg η of probes 1a-d showed good linearity with high correlation coefficients according to the Förster-Hoffman equation. In addition, cell staining experiments demonstrated that 1a-c could target lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, respectively. They could also undergo viscosity-detectable changes in the corresponding organelles under the action of the corresponding ion carriers.

Quantity determination of Recorcinol by coupling reaction with diazotized Of 4-aminacet phenone

Development of an analytical method to determine Recorcinolcompound by coupling reaction for diazotized solution of 4- aminacetphenone in the presence of buffer solution NasHPO, (pH= 10.8) to give acompound with a single azo dye salt having orange color soluble in waterwith high absortivity at a wave length 449 nm , an early study to have aperfect optimum condition was made for the determination. A calibrationcurve for a range of concentration (5-75)pm was taken and the value ofmolar absortivity was 1.5*10° L.mol'.cm™ with a relative standarddeviation more than 1.26% and a recovery 98.77% .As we study the natureof the azo dye by mole fraction method, from the practical value we foundthat the mole fraction of the dye compound is 1:1(Recorcinol: 4-aminacetphenone) and the stability factor reach to 1.4*10° L.mol’.

Trace nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous biochar nanospheres: Waste corn roots derived superior adsorbents for high concentration single and mixed organic dyes removal

Trace nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous biochar nanospheres: Waste corn roots derived superior adsorbents for high concentration single and mixed organic dyes removal

Sustainable fashion: eco-friendly dyeing of wool fiber with novel mixtures of biodegradable natural dyes

Natural materials, especially natural colorants, have achieved global prominence and might be regarded as an environmentally beneficial alternative to hazardous synthetic dyes. The color limitation of natural dyes hinders their application in textiles. The present work aims to prepare more color shades of wool yarns via dyeing with ternary natural dye mixtures without adding mordants. In this study, a sustainable dyeing approach for wool yarn was evaluated with three natural dyes, madder red (MR), gardenia blue (GB), and gardenia yellow (GY), by following an industrial dyeing procedure in the absence of a mordant. In the beginning, a preliminary assessment of dye stabilities was carried out, and it was found that the three natural dyes were sensitive to temperature and acid (degradation tendency). Then, the dyeing behavior was systematically evaluated, including a single natural dye, a binary natural dye mixture, and a ternary natural dye mixture. The results of wool yarn dyeing with a single natural dye show that the dye exhaustion percentage (E%) of MR, GY, and GB was in the ranges of 78.7–94.1%, 13.4–44.1%, and 54.8–68.5%, respectively. The dyeing results of wool yarns dyed with binary and ternary natural dye mixtures (a color triangle framework of dyed wool yarn) were characterized by colorimetric values (L*, a*, b*, C*, h, and K/S), and are presented to enlighten various colorful shades. Finally, color uniformity and colorfastness tests confirmed the vital contribution of natural dyes toward wool yarn coloration. Particularly, colorfastness to washing confirmed the stability of natural dyes with reference to the lower amount of dyes released into the effluent, which is beneficial for the environment. Overall, this study provides a good background for enhancing the industrialization trend of natural dyes by modulating their dyeing scheme.

Simultaneous Removal of Cationic Crystal Violet and Anionic Reactive Yellow Dyes using eco-friendly Chitosan Functionalized by Talc and Cloisite 30B

Designing adsorbent materials that can effectively remove many types of organic dyes is crucial because of the wide diversity of synthetic dyes found in wastewater. Thus, this study presents the synthesis of economic and eco-friendly adsorbent composites composed of chitosan (Cs), talc (T), and Cloisite 30B clay (C) to remove both cationic crystal violet (CV) and anionic reactive yellow 145 (RY) dyes for the first time. Cs was functionalized with T and subsequently the CsTC1 and CsTC2 composites were prepared by sensitizing the obtained CsT with different weight ratios of Cloisite 30B (C). X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, and zeta potential analysis were employed to characterize the materials. The addition of T to Cs matrix improves the thermal stability, pore size, and pore volume with respect to pure Cs. The effect of C inclusion was examined by measuring the affinity of the prepared composites towards adsorption of cationic CV and anionic RY dyes in comparison to pure Cs and CsT composite. The adsorption results in a single dye solution revealed that the CsTC1 composite is the most effective adsorbent for removal of RY dye with 76.9 mg/g adsorption capacity, whereas the CsTC2 composite exhibited the highest adsorption activity for CV dye (37.03 mg/g). Furthermore, RY and CV co-adsorption on CsTC composites was tested from a mixed dye solution. The adsorption kinetics of RY and CV adsorption followed the pseudo second order model. Langmuir isotherm model described the experimental adsorption data better than the Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherm models, indicating a monolayer sorption process for both dyes. The proposed mechanism for RY and CV adsorption using CsTC composites was investigated.

External Heavy-Atom Activated Phosphorescence of Organic Luminophores in a Rigid Fluid Matrix

Growing attention has been paid to pure organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP). Although an insufficient population and fast nonradiative decay of triplet excitons are avoided in recent endeavors, complicated synthesis and limited universality still hinder its development. Further, fluid RTP materials are more difficult to design because of faster nonradiative relaxation. Herein, a deep eutectic mixture of glucose and choline, a stable supercooled liquid at room temperature, is employed as a matrix. Direct transformation from commercial fluorescent dyes to RTP fluid is realized by doping without modifications. The excited triplet states are generated by an external heavy atom, while the rigid noncovalent network stabilizes them with both functions intrinsic to the liquid matrix. Modulation of matrix components also results in nearly white light emission of a single dye. This study presents a general strategy to design fluid RTP materials starting from the vast library of fluorophores.

Comparative Performances of Natural Dyes Extracted from Mentha Leaves, Helianthus Annuus Leaves, and Fragaria Fruit for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

During the last four centuries, there have been extensive research activities looking for green and clean sources of energy instead of traditional (fossil) energy in order to reduce the accumulation of gases and environmental pollution. Natural dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are one of the most promising types of photovoltaic cells for generating clean energy at a low cost. In this study, DSSCs were collected and experimentally tested using four different dyes extracted from Mentha leaves, Helianthus annuus leaves, Fragaria, and a mixture of the above extracts in equal proportions as natural stimuli for TiO2 films. The result show that solar energy was successfully turned into electricity. Additionally, DSSCs based on mixtures of dyes showed better results than those based on single dyes. Efficiency (η) was 0.714%, and the fill factor (FF) was 83.3% for the cell area.