Single Discipline Research Articles

8 How to drive efficiencies in pork production: What are the gaps in knowledge and obstacles?

Abstract Swine nutrition and production has been the cornerstone scientific discipline of the Midwest Section ASAS meeting for decades. During this time, the impact of scientists’ work and the scientific application by swine professionals has been profound. However, if we are to double our food supply by 2050, we have much to do. This presentation will attempt to illustrate contrasting examples of production efficiencies associated with differing production goals, and highlight examples of processes that lead to improved pork production efficiency within the discipline of swine nutrition. This presentation will also cover obstacles and gaps in knowledge that practicing nutritionists, pork producers, and other professionals regularly encounter. Some knowledge gaps are within a single scientific discipline and if resources were put towards the problem would be relatively easily solved. Examples include: development of an inexpensive in vitro assay to assess DDGS amino acid digestibility, re-defining the upper and lower critical effective temperature for modern pigs, defining the minimum and best equipment for growing pigs, identifying additivity effects of various dietary compounds, scientifically sound method(s) to understand and resolve mycotoxin contamination of grains. Other gaps in knowledge are more complex and require multi-disciplinary scientific approach. Examples include: defining root causes of sow mortality, defining factors influencing pig and piglet mortality especially during health challenges, developing models to assist optimization of litter size and post-wean performance, determining best practices of cross-fostering. Pork production will continue to be a viable yet challenging endeavor. It will require persistence, collaboration, and ingenuity from our scientific and pork production community in order to adequately feed the growing population’s demand for protein.

Interdisciplinary Relationships, Influence, and Aspirations for Smart Heritage in Local Government

Local governments are responding to rising complexities in service delivery, governance, and civic stewardship with novel interdisciplinary discourses that converge previously separate disciplines. Smart Heritage, the novel convergence of smart city and heritage disciplines, is one interdisciplinary discourse that local governments utilise to address these demands. To successfully deliver Smart Heritage, local governments must understand how the interdisciplinary relationships, influence, and aspirations function within their organisation. However, due to the novelty of Smart Heritage, no academic research exists on these matters, particularly within local government contexts. Therefore, this article reports how relationships, influence, and strategic aspirations between the smart city and heritage discipline intersect as Smart Heritage. It draws on interviews with smart city and heritage advisors from three local governments in Australia. It finds a case-by-case working relationship between the disciplines, which indicates an emergent-yet-tenuous Smart Heritage discourse. Moreover, the interdisciplinary relationships influence broader considerations from the advisors than their single discipline. These considerations produce innovative aspirations for local governments on heritage and smart city matters. This finding establishes the first foundational understanding of Smart Heritage within local government.

Improving Health Risk Assessment as a Basis for Public Health Decisions in the 21st Century.

One-fifth of the way through the 21st century, a commonality of factors with those of the last 50 years may offer the opportunity to address unfinished business and current challenges. The recommendations include: (1) Resisting the tendency to oversimplify scientific assessments by reliance on single disciplines in lieu of clear weight-of-evidence expressions, and on single quantitative point estimates of health protective values for policy decisions; (2) Improving the separation of science and judgment in risk assessment through the use of clear expressions of the range of judgments that bracket protective quantitative levels for public health protection; (3) Use of comparative risk to achieve the greatest gains in health and the environment; and (4) Where applicable, reversal of the risk assessment and risk management steps to facilitate timely and substantive improvements in public health and the environment. Lessons learned and improvements in the risk assessment process are applied to the unprecedented challenges of the 21st century such as, pandemics and climate change. The beneficial application of the risk assessment and risk management paradigm to ensure timely research with consistency and transparency of assessments is presented. Institutions with mandated stability and leadership roles at the national and international levels are essential to ensure timely interdisciplinary scientific assessment at the interface with public policy as a basis for organized policy decisions, to meet time sensitive goals, and to inform the public.

System models and model classification in tribological system development

AbstractCurrent requirements for the reduction of CO2 emissions, as well as for the improvement of durability and reliability of sociotechnical systems such as passenger cars, lead to an increase in development effort in order to increase efficiency and system lifetime. Tribological systems play an essential role in the development of sociotechnical systems, but have proved to be particularly complex. The development of tribological systems, as part of the overall system under development, is an interdisciplinary effort. Involvement of solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, rheology, and many more scientific disciplines is essential to cope with the high number of nonlinear relationships, which often cause unpredictable system behavior. This paper contributes to the scientific field of tribology by introducing concepts of model‐based systems engineering for the specific case of elastohydrodynamic lubrication states. The elastohydrodynamic lubrication state of tribological system has been chosen as example to show how system models can be used to better describe the behavior of a system by connecting several specific models. In order to gain an overview of the models used in tribological system development, a system cube was used to structure the models. The system cube enabled gaps and overlapping model zones to be identified. Finally, the role of system models in development and the benefit of using system models to solve problems that cannot be solved by a single technical discipline but only in an interdisciplinary effort are discussed. An approach to connect models and methods to describe a system in an elastohydrodynamic lubrication state is presented.

Editorial

Over the past two decades, collaboration has emerged as a keyword and an important methodological and ethical concern in various disciplines, which has nurtured interdisciplinary approaches that often encompass innovative processes of knowledge production. In sonic practice, trends such as participatory art, the workshop turn, and ideas of Do-It-With-Others contributed to the emergence of creative processes that manifest within the sphere of inter-human relations through participation and collaboration. Such processes can operate beyond the institutional space, or classic studio and gallery settings, by engaging directly with the social realm; blurring the lines between art, performance and our lived social, political, economic, technological and environmental realities. How are interdisciplinary practices, methodologies and vocabularies shaping the way sound and music works are created and experienced? How does this search for knowledge change sonic practice? The second issue of Airea Journal explores these questions by presenting practice-based and theoretical contributions of collaborative interdisciplinary creative processes in sound. This special focus on sound is addressed from multiple perspectives in relation to compositional, audiovisual, social, political, environmental, participatory and performative standpoints. This is a move that pays attention to and interrogates the aesthetics, methodologies and politics of interdisciplinary sonic practices. The sound arts often involve more than one disciplines and in order to study and comprehend them, an interdisciplinary approach is demanded. Many sound artworks are more than just (about) sound or sounds. Consequently, no single discipline is able to fully encompass how sound as affective and vibrant matter can be both reflexive and constitutive of social, cultural, political, religious, ethical, and perhaps even biological or cognitive developments. Sound can be investigated from almost any angle, and the articles in the present issue include numerous disciplines and subjects.

International work integrated learning (WIL) in undergraduate paramedicine programs: a cross-sectional survey of practice models in Australasia

PurposeThe proliferation of undergraduate paramedicine programs has led to a surge in demand for work integrated learning (WIL), placing pressure on domestic ambulance service placement capacity. The objective of this study was to establish a baseline understanding of international WIL in paramedicine university programs.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study design was utilized to gather data from Australasian universities offering undergraduate paramedicine. A telephone survey was used to gather quantitative and qualitative data using a tailored questionnaire.FindingsOf 15 eligible paramedicine programs, seven program leads participated. All offered international WIL, predominantly short-duration format in locations including United Kingdom, USA, Israel, Nepal, Indonesia, Timor-Leste, New Zealand, South Africa, Finland, Canada and Vanuatu. Two distinct models were identified: academic-accompanied, group “study tours” and unaccompanied individual placements. International WIL is common in paramedicine but placement models, rationale and expected learning experiences are diverse.Originality/valueInternational WIL is an increasing component of paramedicine and other health discipline degrees, yet the pedagogical rationale for their inclusion and typology is not always clear. This paper provides an insight into the variance in international WIL typology in a single health discipline highlighting the heterogeneity and need for future research linking into the structure, support and assessment of international WIL.

Discussing on "source-sink" landscape theory and phytoremediation for non-point source pollution control in China.

Water pollution is exacerbated due to irrational human activities in China. Restoring and rebuilding river basin ecosystems are major ecological strategies at present. Controlling the non-point source pollution (NPSP) by reasonable management of land use in the basin and phytoremediation of contaminated waters is the optimum approach. Thus, it is significant to study on the relationship that between landscape change and the aquatic environment, as well as further to analyze on the combined effect of the landscape and water quality. This paper describes the application and development of the "source-sink" landscape theory in China, and the role of the theory in controlling NPSP. From this perspective, a landscape capable of generating NPSP would be a "source" landscape, such as farmland, while another capable of preventing NPSP would be a "sink" landscape, such as forests and wetland. Applying the source-sink landscape theory, it is possible to exert the ecological benefits of the landscape while playing the esthetic value of the landscape. Also, the purification mechanism of plants in contaminated water is discussed. Besides, it is vital that research on water body restoration should focus not only on single discipline but also on integration and coordination between various ones such as ecology, environmental science, and geography to jointly push up researches related to water body phytoremediation. Hopefully, this paper could help to control water pollution from a new perspective, also to improve water environment and benefit human lives.

IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATED LEARNING IN PRIMARY EDUCATION: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

The article presents the peculiarities of students' integrated learning implementation in foreign educational establishments. Forms, methods of its realization and interaction of all subjects of pedagogical process have been defined. The peculiarities of integration in the context of primary education development in the countries of the European Union have been revealed. It has been found out that an important aspect of the development of standards of elementary education content in EU countries is the transition from structuring the content of curricula around subjects to the integration of disciplines into modules, integrated blocks, and educational sectors. Orientation to the development of students' thinking and cognitive abilities during the curricula, programs and textbooks modernization has been identified as one of the main components of primary education content. Almost all of the topics that children encounter during their studies are additionally implemented in the after-school activities. Educational institutions in the United States have analysed the experience of applying and implementing integrated learning: Integrated Learning Strategies, Radnor Township School District. It is proven that these research-based programs offer a holistic approach to the overall success of the student's educational, emotional, and social well-being. Integrated learning programs operate on the premise that, in the real world, adults are required to perform tasks and demonstrate skills that are not defined in a single academic discipline. Teachers of the integrated programs create lessons and activities that engage students in lessons, projects, and other learning tasks that focus on the connections between the skills and content taught in the regular curriculum. The regulatory documents governing the features of integrated learning in European educational establishments define the standards for the classification of education, in particular, the International Standard Classification of Education, which provides a comprehensive framework for the organization of educational programs and qualifications by applying uniform and internationally agreed definitions to facilitate the comparison of systems education in different countries.

“Now I always try to stick to the point”: Socialization to and from genre knowledge in an English-medium university in Kazakhstan

This paper investigates socialization to genre knowledge in a university in Kazakhstan, a former Soviet republic where the Russian language remains prevalent while Kazakh is still being revitalized and elaborated for academic purposes. The authors conducted a survey of postgraduate students (n = 53) and alumni (n = 57) along with focus groups (n = 26) in a single discipline in order to identify the self-reported extent of genre knowledge development, and processes of development and application, in English, Kazakh, and Russian. Quantitative data show students have slightly higher genre knowledge in Russian than English or Kazakh, but alumni often see English genre knowledge as more important than Russian or Kazakh in their workplaces. Qualitative data show that socialization to English genre knowledge was so successful, at times respondents underwent a process of reverse socialization of practices from English to Russian or Kazakh. In other instances, respondents directly applied skills learned in English to both Kazakh and Russian in ways that suggested they were socializing Russian- and Kazakh-speaking peers to new practices. The results suggest an ecological approach to teaching and learning English for Academic Purposes is recommended to ensure students in multilingual contexts are able to develop and negotiate communication skills among multiple languages.

Breaking the ice: Use of music improvisation to facilitate interprofessional communication

Abstract Uni-professional socialization is an expected outcome of professional training; however, this development can pose a barrier to interprofessional education (IPE) and interprofessional practice (IPP). As students progress in their educational and clinical training, they become acculturated in their professional ‘language’ and in domain-specific approaches to problem solving. An unintended consequence is that specialized terminology and narrow perspectives shaped by a single discipline can interfere with effective interprofessional collaboration and lower the quality of healthcare services. We introduced the Universal Language Room (ULR), an original IPE icebreaker designed to facilitate communication at its most fundamental level. The activity served as a metaphor for initiating effective cross-disciplinary interactions and preventing deformation professionelle. Immediate debriefing and written feedback prompted students to reflect upon the activity, why it was used, and what it achieved. Qualitative analysis of responses indicated that the experience helped students understand and appreciate key IPE objectives. Overall, results suggest that the ULR helped ‘break the ice’ during a pilot course in IPE and can be a useful model for promoting effective communication across disciplines.

Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Technology-Enhanced Learning in Europe

Technology enhanced learning (TEL) research connects Learning Sciences, Educational Psychology, and Computer Science, in order to investigate interventions based on digital technologies in education and training settings. In this paper, we argue that doctoral training activity for TEL needs to be situated at the intersection of disciplines in order to facilitate innovation. For this, we first review the state of disciplinarity in TEL, reviewing existing meta-studies of the field. Then, we survey 35 doctoral education programmes in Europe in which doctoral students working on TEL topics are enrolled. Findings indicate that most doctoral schools are associated with a single discipline and offer methodological rather than content-specific modules. TEL-specific content is provided only in exceptional cases, creating a potentially isolating gap between master-level education and scientific conferences. On this background, we argue that cross-institutional doctoral training is important to progress TEL as a field. In this paper, we study and share the approach of an international doctoral summer school organised by the European society EA-TEL over the past 15 years. The summer school provides foundational methodological knowledge from multiple disciplines, content-specific topical knowledge in TEL, access to cutting edge scientific discourse, and discussion of horizontal issues to doctoral students. We further provide an analysis of shifting programme topics over time. Our analysis of both, institutional as well as cross-institutional doctoral training in TEL, constitutes this paper’s core contribution in that it highlights that further integration of perspectives and knowledge is to be done in TEL; together with codification and explication of knowledge in the intersection of disciplines.

Higher Education under the Conditions of Complexity and Uncertainty of the World: Post-non-classical Development Strategies and Personal Dimension

The situation of the contemporary world possesses such features that can be denoted by the acronym VUCA: volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity. The fundamental nonlinearity of the development of both nature and society turns into the inconsistency of the future with the usual and anticipated ideas of the humankind – and into changes in the philosophical understanding of the essence and strategies of higher education. Under the conditions of instability and unpredictability, any «ready-made» knowledge is irrelevant, it is quickly becoming obsolete; subsequently, the knowledge and skills acquired by a graduate of a higher education institution are no longer decisive for his or her competence: their place is rather being taken by the ability to create new forms of knowledge and skills in accordance with rapidly changing circumstances. In other words, in obedience to the human-dimensionality of the post-classical type of rationality, in a situation of uncertainty and risk, the human personality, the level of his or her general cultural development becomes especially valuable, – and the task of higher education becomes to educate a person capable of living in a world of complexity and uncertainty, capable of evaluating all the risks in a much wider perspective than any one single discipline or professional field. An important factor in this task is the transition to student-centered learning, i.e., focusing the educational process on student personality, but on teacher personality as well – contrary to the linear-modern orientation on the formality of learning, on standard, stable and constant educational trajectories. And it is philosophy that now possesses particular importance in the structure of the educational process, as a factor of successful formation of a full-fledged personality of a HEI graduate, able to deal with new, unusual things and phenomena - in other words, able to think creatively, critically and independently.

Public Health is Truly Interdisciplinary

No abstract available.

Role of sports psychology and sports nutrition in return to play from musculoskeletal injuries in professional soccer: an interdisciplinary approach

Musculoskeletal injuries are prevalent in professional soccer and can result in lost training time or match play. It is intuitive that the “return to play” (RTP) pathway will depend, in large part, on the expertise of sports medicine practitioners (e.g. surgeons, physicians, physiotherapists) responsible for player’s recovery. Consensus statements on returning athletes to sport following injury acknowledge the contributions of sport psychology and sports nutrition. However, specific consideration on how to integrate these two recognized – but often overlooked components of injury rehabilitation – into existing sport medicine approaches has yet to be examined. Using a framework of milestones directed by the medical physician and physical trainer, the evidence is summarized and suggestions provided on the integration of sports psychology and sports nutrition into an interdisciplinary RTP approach. We examine recovery from a phase approach (acute injury and functional recovery) to highlight interdisciplinary opportunities in the management of musculoskeletal soccer injuries. An interdisciplinary approach is understood to achieve outcomes that could not be achieved within the framework of a single discipline. The incorporation of sports psychology and nutrition theoretically compliment milestones used in current medically-based RTP models. Our hope is that this article serves as a catalyst for interdisciplinary practice and research – not only in sports nutrition and sports psychology – but across all sport and exercise disciplines.

Philosophy of law as social-humanity discipline

It is reasonable to develop the philosophy of law as a single socio-humanitarian discipline, and there is no epistemological need to divide it into “philosophical philosophy of law” and “legal philosophy of law”. The interpenetration of philosophy and law is possible, because love of wisdom has a lawgenetical potential, and jurisprudence contains a socio-philosophical potential. For the first time, the proposed explication of philosophicallawgenetical structures serves as a theoretical defense against belittling the role of philosophy in the formation of law and in the performance of its functions. Legal progress is guided by the values of humanistic philosophy.

Philosophy of law as social-humanity discipline

It is reasonable to develop the philosophy of law as a single socio-humanitarian discipline, and there is no epistemological need to divide it into “philosophical philosophy of law” and “legal philosophy of law”. The interpenetration of philosophy and law is possible, because love of wisdom has a lawgenetical potential, and jurisprudence contains a socio-philosophical potential. For the first time, the proposed explication of philosophical lawgenetical structures serves as a theoretical defense against belittling the role of philosophy in the formation of law and in the performance of its functions. Legal progress is guided by the values of humanistic philosophy.

Unveiling assumptions through interdisciplinary scrutiny: Observations from the German Priority Program on Climate Engineering (SPP 1689)

The interdisciplinary exchange in climate engineering research offers a unique opportunity to make assumptions more explicit for such research projects. While making assumptions explicit is the standard in all disciplinary sciences, some assumptions in the context of societal challenges can only be usefully unveiled, discussed, and verified from the perspective of other research disciplines. Results from successful interdisciplinary collaborations are then more accessible and more generalizable to actors beyond the confines of the academic community. We aim to illustrate how interdisciplinary exchange helps to unveil assumptions in research endeavors and why this is important for successful interdisciplinary collaborations. We therefore follow different stages of the German Priority Program on Climate Engineering (SPP 1689), which we use as an example case of a successful interdisciplinary project. SPP 1689 focused on risks, challenges, and opportunities of Climate Engineering from the perspectives of numerous disciplines. Major results were that the initial assessments of technologies had to be sobered, the consideration of trade-offs is crucial for the potential assessment, and governance issues appeared larger than previously considered. From the reflections of SPP 1689, we conclude with three lessons learned: (1) The project profited from egalitarian organizational structures and communicative practices, preventing the predominance from single disciplines. (2) Within the project continuous efforts were undertaken to foster interdisciplinary understanding. In addition, the flexible project structure allowed for the accommodation of research needs arising as a result of these exchanges. (3) SPP 1689 offered early career researchers a platform for professional exchange on common challenges and best practices of being a part of an interdisciplinary research project.

On Seeing Otherwise: Johann Jakob Breitinger’s Poetics of Attention

This article contextualizes Johann Jakob Breitinger’s Critische Dichtkunst (1740) within a transdisciplinary discourse on Aufmerksamkeit (attention) in eighteenth-century epistemology and science. I argue that Breitinger’s adaptation of the epistemology of attention defines his most distinctive poetological concepts, including his notion of poetry as a type of painting (poetische Mahlerey), his elevation of the new (das Neue) and the marvelous (das Wunderbare) into central categories of poetics, and his subversion of the traditional principle of imitation of nature (Nachahmung der Natur). Excavating Breitinger’s revision of poetics on the basis of a representationalist concept of attention recovers the Critische Dichtkunst as an important forerunner of Alexander Baumgarten’s momentous conjunction of artistic production and sense perception in a single discipline of aesthetics. Finally, the article demonstrates the transdisciplinary potency of the concept of attention in the early eighteenth century, well before the late-nineteenth-century rise of empirical psychology highlighted by conventional accounts of the emergence of attention as a key concern of modern culture.

Making sense in the flood. How to cope with the massive flow of digital information in medical ethics

Scientific publications have become the currency of Academia, hence the concept of ‘publish or perish’. But there are consequences: the amount of existing literature and its proliferation rate have reached the point where keeping pace is just impossible. If this is true in general, it becomes a huge issue in interdisciplinary fields such as bioethics where knowing the state of the art in more than one single discipline is a concrete necessity. If we accept the idea of building new science on an exhaustive comprehension of existing knowledge, a radical change is needed. Smart iterative search strategies, frequency analysis and text mining, techniques described in this paper, can't be a long run solution. But they might serve as a useful coping strategy.

Richard Allen and Black Church Disciplines

ABSTRACTThis essay analyzes the 1817 Doctrines and Discipline of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, published by Richard Allen and Jacob Tapsico, to argue for the inclusion of church disciplines in American literary anthologies. Such anthologies currently privilege the genres of life writing and poetry when selecting African American literature. In contrast to this emphasis on works by a single author, the Doctrines and Discipline foregrounds a vibrant African American print culture, practices of collaborative authorship, and coalition-building in the early American republic. A close reading of the AME Doctrines and Discipline demonstrates both the political and the literary stakes of church disciplines. This particular church discipline enacts a revolutionary break with white institutions and constructs a new black national affiliation, and it also lays the foundation for black literary production through much of the nineteenth century.