Single Definition Research Articles

The sustainability agenda and its implications for post-trade technology adoption

Environmental, social and governance (ESG), referring to the process of integrating ESG factors into investment decisions, and sustainable and impact investing, referring to the intent to deliver an environmental or social outcome on top of financial performance, are growing very rapidly. BNY Mellon and Aviva Investors reflected on implications for post-trade technology adoption. Rapid growth in demand is accompanied by increased expectations from a range of parties including regulators with a focus on disclosures and labelling, international institutions seeking greater alignment and lobbying groups asking for more data. All of this is affecting data to be sourced, controlled and reported, and reporting is complicated by lack of consensus on ESG definitions and difficulty in comparing data and incorporating investors' preferences across jurisdictions. Each party in the post-trade custody chain depends on reference data and needs access to the same accurate sustainability ESG reference data. Missing, different and inaccurate reference data creates errors and discrepancies. Sustainability data acquisition is thus becoming an emerging area of focus for post-trade servicing teams, particularly finding, formatting, correcting and monitoring updates and maintaining asset coverage, creating a shift in operating model. Technology is a critical enabler given the growing volume of data, lack of a single ESG definition and the need to prove product claims and support clients' preferences throughout the custody chain

Bağlantısal bir okuma yöntemine doğru: Bir mimari sözlüğün zamansallığı üzerine

The conception of time evolves from absolute towards more ambiguous in light of different scientific approaches. It becomes questionable to explain all physical phenomena with a single definition of time. Temporality in architecture can be studied in different dimensions; nevertheless, it is mainly considered in relation with the concepts of space and time. This article aims to focus on specifically temporality of an open-ended research approach in architecture. It introduces an interconnected reading method and explicates the research layers and their relations through an architectural lexicon. Therefore, it deciphers an on-going PhD research called Architectural Lexicon on Void, which seeks to contribute to building a new architectural vocabulary. Based on the approach of interconnectivity, it interprets the lexicon as a means of “reading” and “understanding” the concept of void in architecture.
 In order to discuss temporality, the article touches the idea of openness by Eco and Deleuze, together with Bergson’s idea of duration. It considers temporality of this research process as an open whole which consists of multiple durations and studies the research layers within this frame.

ELECTRONIC INFORMATION AS EVIDENCE

The widespread use of digital technology both in everyday life and in law enforcement raises the question of the use of digital information in evidence in criminal proceedings. However, there is still no single definition. Thus, quite often the term "digital information" is defined as information in the form of signals of any physical nature, recorded on computer media, the content and / or properties of which establish the presence or absence of circumstances to be proved in criminal proceedings. It is important to understand that such information can be created, transmitted, stored, etc. not only with the help of computer technology, but also with the use of other equipment (dictaphones, digital cameras, camcorders, smartphones, etc.).
 Analysis of the state of the issue. Digital information is objective. This is due to the fact that its fixation on digital media occurs without processing by human consciousness - in the form in which it objectively existed, regardless of the perception of the person who fixes it. Most often, this information is created outside the framework of criminal proceedings not to bring it to the attention of the pre-trial investigation or court, but for a completely different purpose. For example, CCTV cameras can be installed for security purposes or to prevent and combat crime. Making a video eliminates the participation of the human factor, because the recording of the event is automatic. As a result, the information obtained in this way is objective.
 The current CPC does not contain the concept of "electronic evidence", but the analysis of other procedural codes (including CAS, CPC and CPC) allows us to establish that this concept means information in electronic (digital) form that contains information about the circumstances relevant to the case , in particular, electronic documents (text documents, graphics, plans, photographs, video and audio recordings, etc.), websites (pages), text, multimedia and voice messages, metadata, databases and other data in electronic form.

Case Ascertainment of Sickle Cell Disease Using Surveillance or Single Administrative Database Case Definitions.

In the absence of access to surveillance system data, single-source administrative databases are often used to study health care utilization and health outcomes among people with sickle cell disease (SCD). We compared the case definitions from single-source administrative databases with a surveillance case definition to identify people with SCD. We used data from Sickle Cell Data Collection programs in California and Georgia (2016-2018). The surveillance case definition for SCD developed for the Sickle Cell Data Collection programs uses multiple databases, including newborn screening, discharge databases, state Medicaid programs, vital records, and clinic data. Case definitions for SCD in single-source administrative databases varied by database (Medicaid and discharge) and years of data (1, 2, and 3 years). We calculated the proportion of people meeting the surveillance case definition for SCD that was captured by each single administrative database case definition for SCD, by birth cohort, sex, and Medicaid enrollment. In California, 7117 people met the surveillance case definition of SCD from 2016 through 2018; 48% of this group was captured by the Medicaid case definition and 41% by the discharge case definition. In Georgia, 10 448 people met the surveillance case definition of SCD from 2016 through 2018; 45% of this group was captured by the Medicaid case definition and 51% by the discharge case definition. These proportions differed by years of data, birth cohort, and length of Medicaid enrollment. The surveillance case definition identified twice as many people with SCD as the single-source administrative database definitions during the same period, but trade-offs exist in using single administrative databases for decisions on policy and program expansion for SCD.

Reliable distributed systems: review of modern approaches

Called on to refine service-oriented architecture, a new architectural pattern named microservices emerged in the early two-thousands promising to speed up the delivery of new features. All of this is achieved by allowing many teams to work on separate autonomous parts of an application independently, though steepening the learning curve and introducing infrastructure-related issues. Overtime, while gaining more popularity, the initial meaning, as well as peculiarities of distributed systems development and reason for the use of the pattern, has turned out to be less prominent, instead becoming a sliver bullet for monolithic applications, which irreversibly leads to a tremendous increase in complexity of a system as well as other inherent problems. The absence of a single definition as well as the misleading name of the microservices pattern has all contributed to the development of the notoriously known distributed monolith. In this document, a review was conducted to resurrect the notion of microservices, understand their nature, and how and when the pattern should be applied. This is done by firstly understanding the difference between monolithic and distributed systems including their strengths and weaknesses, and defining the single most important reason for microservices to be used. The main part focuses on reducing the coupling in the system, which is the main obstacle during the development of a reliable and agile distributed system. Firstly, by modeling boundaries following domain teams and architectural needs, we ensure autonomous deployable units are created that provide independence during development, isolation, and reliability. Later by analyzing approaches to sharing data and communication, which are two major forces structuring a distributed system, we secure the previously established boundaries.

Revisiting MMPBSA by Adoption of MC-Based Surface Area/Volume, ANI-ML Potentials, and Two-Valued Interior Dielectric Constant.

Here, we report the accuracy improvements of molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MMPBSA) calculations by adoption of ANI-ML potentials in replacement of MM terms, the use of solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) and volume (SAV) values from the Monte Carlo sampling of the probe, and introducing two different interior dielectric constants for electrostatic interactions of protein-ligand (P-L) and polar solvation term in the MMPBSA calculations. Our results show that the Pearson correlation coefficients of MMPBSA-calculated values with respect to experimental binding free energies can be drastically improved from 0.48 to 0.90 by adoption of ANI-ML potentials in replacement of MM energy terms in the equation, referred to as ANI-PBSA. Moreover, we show that the SASA/SAV-combined equation in the scaled particle theory (SPT) can be a better choice to model nonpolar solvation term, reaching nearly the same accuracy by ANI-PBSA calculations. Finally, we introduce two different values of interior dielectric constants, which could be an alternative strategy between the single and variable constant definitions.

Evaluation of typology‐specific fragility curves used for risk‐targeted seismic demand maps in regions of low seismicity: A German case‐study

AbstractInvestigations of risk targeted peak ground acceleration (PGA) maps for European countries typically adopt a single generic fragility curve definition. The aim of this study is to investigate the use of typology‐specific fragility curves in the derivation of risk‐targeted PGA maps in low seismicity regions. This study differs from previous works in that it derives expressions for the relationship between design PGA and the median collapse capacity for several different structural typologies designed according to European standards, namely, reinforced concrete (RC) moment‐resisting frames (MRFs), reinforced concrete wall and dual systems, and steel MRFs. The expressions were determined from the regression analysis of a database of fragility curve parameters collected from the literature. The influence of the different typology‐specific fragility functions on the derivation of risk‐targeted seismic maps in regions of low seismicity, using Germany as a case‐study, is discussed. The key findings of this study are as follows: the fragility curves derived using the database possess significant inherent lateral capacity; the consideration of this inherent lateral capacity implies the reduction of the regions where seismic design is compulsory; and that fragility curves adapted from fragility analyses from structures in the US may not be representative of European structures. Recommendations for the direction of future research include focusing primarily on improving the definition of the typology‐specific fragility curves; developing fragility curves for modern IMs such as average spectral acceleration; and investigating the use of typology‐specific curves in regions of high seismicity.

Hydro-mechanical coupling behavior and statistical damage constitutive model of deep marble with disturbance

To study the effect of excavation disturbance on hydro-mechanical coupling characteristics of deep marble, both artificially disturbed and intact marble samples were tested under different osmotic pressures. The stress-strain curve, characteristic stress, failure mode and strain energy were then compared between the disturbed and the intact samples under osmotic pressure. Finally, a statistical damage constitutive model was proposed to consider osmotic pressure and initial deformation based on assuming that the micro-element strength of marble obeys Weibull distribution. It is found that the disturbed sample has slightly lower peak stress and damage stress than the intact sample, but its resistance to hydraulic damage decreases significantly. In the initial stage of loading, the ratio of elastic strain energy of the intact sample is generally lower than that of the disturbed one. The characteristic points of the elastic strain energy ratio curve can be a good reference to determine the damage stress. This finding makes up for the deficiency of possible failure of the single definition of damage stress. The proposed statistical damage constitutive model can well reproduce the stress-strain responses under different osmotic pressure. At the same strain level, the rock damage is more significant if the osmotic pressure is higher. This study is of great significance to the development of deep rock mechanics theory and its application in engineering practice.

BIM technologies in engineering network design

There are several definitions of BIM available from Wikipedia to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that more or less consistently describe BIM as follows: a process or method of managing information about objects and projects to coordinate inputs and outputs using shared digital representations of physical and functional characteristics of any built object, including buildings, bridges, roads, industrial facilities. Despite the common definition, we often observe that BIM has different meanings to different people. There is no single international standard or definition of the activities that must be performed within a project to be considered a BIM project. Very often we come across the idea that BIM is a software, a 3D model or a system. This inconsistency creates confusion and disagreement between government customers and private sector providers, creating barriers to successful implementation. Experience from the EUBIMTG suggests that a clear and specific definition of measures and characteristics, combined with a phased implementation of the strategy in a realistic time frame, has proven to be the most promising approach to the successful transformation of the construction sector. The following "EU Common Performance Level" characteristics describe the activities that must be consistently performed within a project to be considered an EU BIM project. They should be considered as minimum criteria for the procurement and implementation of construction projects consistently throughout Europe. The implementation of BIM design in the process of higher education in Ukraine is just beginning, especially in the area of designing engineering networks. If BIM design courses for future architects are the norm rather than the exception, it is difficult to find suitable specialists, let alone teachers, in the area of designing water supply networks.

An overview of the resilience world: Proceedings of the American Geriatrics Society and National Institute on Aging State of Resilience Science Conference.

Resilience, which relates to one's ability to respond to stressors, typically declines with age and the development of comorbid conditions in older organisms. Although progress has been made to improve our understanding of resilience in older adults, disciplines have employed different frameworks and definitions to study various aspects of older adults' response to acute or chronic stressors. "Overview of the Resilience World: State of the Science," a bench-to-bedside conference on October 12-13, 2022, was sponsored by the American Geriatrics Society and National Institute on Aging. This conference, summarized in this report, explored commonalities and differences among the frameworks of resilience most commonly used in aging research in the three domains of resilience: physical, cognitive, and psychosocial. These three main domains are intertwined, and stressors in one domain can lead to effects in other domains. The themes of the conference sessions included underlying contributors to resilience, the dynamic nature of resilience throughout the life span, and the role of resilience in health equity. Although participants did not agree on a single definition of "resilience(s)," they identified common core elements of a definition that can be applied to all domains and noted unique features that are domain specific. The presentations and discussions led to recommendations for new longitudinal studies of the impact of exposures to stressors on resilience in older adults, the use of new and existing cohort study data, natural experiments (including the COVID-19 pandemic), and preclinical models for resilience research, as well as translational research to bring findings on resilience to patient care.

THE RIGHT TO PATERNITY AND MATERNITY AS PERSONAL NON-PROPERTY RIGHTS

The relevance of the topic is due to the novelty of the topic, its importance for the development of family law science and legislation in this area. The article provides a systematic analysis of the right to fatherhood and motherhood as a personal non-property right. The author conducts a systematic analysis of such categories as «motherhood» and «fatherhood» in the modern science of family law in Ukraine. The author substantiates the need to enshrine in the current legislation a single legal definition of «paternity» and «maternity» in accordance with European standards. The author proposes to consider the right to paternity and maternity as a personal non-property right of women and men, regardless of their marital status. The author also proposes to enshrine at the legislative level the right of men to participate in the decision on artificial termination of pregnancy. In a detailed analysis of a woman’s right to motherhood, the author identifies and analyzes the constituent elements of such a right, namely: the right to pregnancy and health care during pregnancy, provision of health care during childbirth; the right to terminate pregnancy and rights after the birth of a child, in particular, certain social guarantees for women who have given birth to a child. At the same time, given the European vector of development of our country, the author proposes to reform certain provisions of legislation and to equalize the rights of men and women in this area. The author analyzes the changes that have occurred in the legislation of our State in the field of social guarantees for men and women after the birth of a child. At the same time, the article highlights several issues that need to be detailed and clarified by the legislator in the area of realization by men and women of their right to paternity and maternity with the help of assisted reproductive technologies.

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS IN SCIENCE AND HIGHER EDUCATION

The research possibilities of a qualitative approach have a long tradition in the social sciences and humanities, including different perspectives on theoretical foundations, research strategies, techniques, and data collection and analysis methods. The qualitative methodology first developed in cultural anthropology and ethnology, where the anthropological works of Malinowski, Strauss, Boas, and others marked the foundations of the field method of collecting data and conducting ethnographic studies. However, to date, there is no single definition of qualitative methodology, just as there are no studies that do not require the dimensions of different approaches. Starting from the observation that the question of the compatibility of qualitative and quantitative research methods is still a source of disagreement among researchers, arising from academic criticism of the quality and reliability of qualitative research, this study aims to highlight the role and importance of qualitative research in the scientific and educational process. Through the theoretical analysis of the relevant sources of methodological studies, the authors present some fundamental principles of the qualitative approach and its leading research strategies, illustrating the theoretical aspects with the most important constructs in this methodological area. The findings of this article show that despite the diversity of scientific literature and research on defining the value of qualitative research, a systematic and in-depth study of qualitative methodological issues is still needed to contribute to the improvement of the literature and increase the value of this approach in scientific and educational research practice. Accordingly, although the authors sustain a mixed research approach, they also emphasize the importance of qualitative methods, which should not be viewed separately from the research process.

ESTRO-EANO guideline on target delineation and radiotherapy details for glioblastoma

Background and PurposeTarget delineation in glioblastoma is still a matter of extensive research and debate. This guideline aims to update the existing joint European consensus on delineation of the clinical target volume (CTV) in adult glioblastoma patients. Material and MethodsThe ESTRO Guidelines Committee identified 14 European experts in close interaction with the ESTRO clinical committee and EANO who discussed and analysed the body of evidence concerning contemporary glioblastoma target delineation, then took part in a two-step modified Delphi process to address open questions. ResultsSeveral key issues were identified and are discussed including i) pre-treatment steps and immobilisation, ii) target delineation and the use of standard and novel imaging techniques, and iii) technical aspects of treatment including planning techniques and fractionation. Based on the EORTC recommendation focusing on the resection cavity and residual enhancing regions on T1-sequences with the addition of a reduced 15 mm margin, special situations are presented with corresponding potential adaptations depending on the specific clinical situation. ConclusionsThe EORTC consensus recommends a single clinical target volume definition based on postoperative contrast-enhanced T1 abnormalities, using isotropic margins without the need to cone down. A PTV margin based on the individual mask system and IGRT procedures available is advised; this should usually be no greater than 3 mm when using IGRT.

How do we envision the sustainable society we want to create?

How do we envision the sustainable society we want to create? Professor Masahide Sakamoto uses Japanese pollution research to discuss how we can implement a better, more sustainable society. He uses two ideas that we should choose in order to realize a sustainable society: 1. If the inequality structure of the capitalist economy remains unchanged, each person should seek happiness in his or her own way within that structure. 2. Assuming that it is natural that there are differences in individual abilities, we should build a society in which there are no differences in human values, and we can respect each other as human beings. While there is no single definition of a sustainable society, he argues the introduction of renewable energy has less environmental impact than fossil fuel-based power generation systems. Fossil fuels can only be extracted in certain places, and disputes over ownership are likely to arise, whereas renewable energy can be used in any country with the right technology. This entails wars and conflicts over oil can be avoided, leading to the peaceful use of energy, and reducing post-disaster damage. Ultimately, the realization of a sustainable society will depend on what kind of socioeconomic system is designed by governments.

Abstract 4635: Single cell definition of the immunogenic synapse between the tumorigenic schwann cells and tumor associated macrophages in Plexiform Neurofibroma

Abstract Background: Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) frequently develop benign tumors called Plexiform neurofibromas (PN). Macrophages compose 30-50% of the total cellular composition of PNs and have previously been shown to play a critical role in the PN development and growth. This study defines components of the immunogenic synapse between the neoplastic Schwann cell and the tumor associated myeloid compartment and investigates alterations of the synapse during treatment with MEK inhibition (MEKi). The IL34-CSF1R axis is nominated as a key node in the maintenance of the tumor associated macrophages in PN. Methods: In this work, we applied single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to human primary tumor PN samples to comprehensively evaluate tumor cellular populations and their interactions. Resulting cellular populations were compared to a single cell atlas of tumor associated immune cells taken from a panel of tumor types. Ligand and receptor interactions were informatically extracted from scRNAseq data and immunohistochemistry was used to validate scRNAseq observations. scRNAseq was also used on pre and post treatment samples taken from three patients receiving the MEKi Selumetinib. Human primary macrophage cell cultures and qPCR were used to interrogate the roles of the IL34-CSF1R signaling and MEKi in PN. Results: scRNAseq generated data on 45101 PN myeloid cells. Integration of these cells with a publicly available tumor atlas of 11 different tumors containing a total of 52195 cells discovered correlation of cell populations between the PN as compared to other tumor types. Tumor-promoting (M2) macrophages represented the largest portion (48%) of the PN myeloid population. Receptor-ligand analysis using cellphoneDB highlighted IL34-CSF1R (p<.0001), TNF-TNFRSF1A (p<.0001) and SIRPA-CD47 (p<.0001) as significant interactions between the neoplastic Schwann cell and macrophages. IL34 and CSF1R protein expression was confirmed in human PN tumors with immunohistochemistry. scRNAseq data from NF1 patients PN tumors taken pre and post MEK inhibitor treatment, demonstrated decreased M2 macrophage gene expression of CD163(p<.001), MRC1(p<.001), TREM2(p<.001) after treatment. Finally, IL34 stimulated primary human monocytes produced macrophages with an M2-like phenotype. MEKi treatment of these macrophages resulted in increased expression of inflammatory macrophage genes CXCL9 (p<.05), CXCL10(p<.001), IDO1(p<.001). Conclusions: PN myeloid populations contain large amounts of M2 macrophages with expression profiles consistent with TAM seen in a variety of malignant tumors. We postulate that IL34 expression by the neoplastic Schwann cell leads to expansion and maintenance of this TAM population. MEKi treatment on human PNs reduces number of macrophages in PNs and shifts macrophage gene expression towards inflammatory genes. Citation Format: Thomas J. On, Xiyuan Zhang, Shahroze Abbas, John Shern. Single cell definition of the immunogenic synapse between the tumorigenic schwann cells and tumor associated macrophages in Plexiform Neurofibroma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4635.

НАВЧАЛЬНО-ДОСЛІДНИЦЬКІ ЗАВДАННЯ ДЛЯ УЧНІВ У ФОКУСІ STEM-ОСВІТИ

The article examines educational and research tasks for students in the focus of STEM education. The work presents an overview and comparative analysis of the latest publications on topical issues of the introduction of STEM education. It is emphasized that during a comparative analysis of scientific sources, it was found that there is no single definition for STEM education, but its characteristic features are that such an education system prepares a child for life in the real world, which is constantly changing, teaches to respond to these changes. The organization of teaching STEM disciplines takes place on the basis of educational and research activities of schoolchildren. It reorients students to mastering educational and research skills, which will contribute to faster adaptation of socio-economic life. Educational and research tasks are a means of forming educational and research skills. The article shows the factors that increase the effectiveness of educational and research tasks, such as: the child's personal interest; simplicity, practical significance; social or personal orientation; originality; time factor. The current issue is the implementation of energy-saving activities in everyday life. In Ukraine, the state of implementation of energy saving measures is insufficient, and in the housing and communal economy - critical. Therefore, it is advisable to use practical tasks related to energy saving and energy-saving technologies and adapt them for consideration with students in the process of STEM education. The author emphasizes that tasks should be formulated in an accessible language, involve students' current scientific vocabulary. The work presents the author's problems in mathematics, containing the problem of electricity conservation, developed for students of grades 6-9. Solving educational and research tasks related to the basics of green energy and the basics of family-type financial calculations give students a practical result in the form of partial recommendations on the feasibility of establishing sources of renewable energy and its use.

The Workforce Needed to Address Population Health.

Policy Points Although a single definition of the population health workforce does not yet exist, this workforce needs to have the skills and competencies to address the social determinants of health, to understand intersectionality, and to coordinate and work in concert with an array of skilled providers in social and health care to address multiple health drivers. On-the-job training programs and employer support are needed for the current health workforce to gain skills and competencies to address population health. Funding and leadership combined are critical for developing the population health workforce with the goal of supporting a broad set of workers beyond health and social care to include, for example, those in urban planning, law enforcement, or transportation professions to address population health.

Lexical and Grammatical Transformations of Terms when Changing Communicative Situation “Doctor — Doctor” to “Doctor — Child — Parent”

The issue of controversial assessment of the use of medical terminology in professional communication is considered. It is noted that the use of medical terms in communication between a doctor and an adult patient can trigger emotional tension and mistrust of the doctor’s recommendations. At the same time, it was established that patients who are familiar with medical terminology consider the use of terms by doctors to be a significant factor indicating the quality of the services provided. The question arises about the transformation of terms when changing the communicative situation “doctor — doctor” to “doctor — child — parent”. To identify and analyze transformations of medical terms, lexical-semantic and morphosyntactic analysis was used. As a result of the method of expert evaluations application, interpretations of medical terminology by doctors were obtained. It is asserted that in the communicative situation “doctor — patient and / or his representative” to remove difficulties caused by the use of highly specialized medical terms, the doctor resorts to a complex transformation of the term — explication. It is shown that explication is provided by a number of lexicalgrammatical (generalization, concretization, synonymous replacement) and syntactic techniques (adding a single prepositive definition, extended postpositive definition, adjunctive determiner, adjunctive goal), as well as stylistic means (emotionally colored vocabulary, intensifiers, conversational style).

Does fairness matter? Consumers' perception of fairness in the agro-food chain

IntroductionDefining ‘fairness’ in the agro-food sector is a challenging task. There is no single definition of fairness and the literature does not provide a complete conceptualization from the consumer's point of view. The current research seeks to explore the consumers' interest in fairness and ethics in the agro-food chain by exploring (i) a comprehensive theoretical framework to conceptualize fairness from a consumer perspective, and (ii) the consumers' perceived importance of different food attributes as fairness-related aspects.MethodLiterature review and focus groups allowed for the creation of the final survey to be submitted to consumers. 529 valid responses from a predominantly Italian female sample were collected. Data were elaborated with Exploratory Factor Analysis and ANOVA test.ResultsThe research identified five dimensions of fairness: Fair price, environment, networking, short chain, and working condition. Also, it emerged that age influences consumers' perceived importance of products with fair attributes.DiscussionThis research contributes to the development of a fairer and more sustainable food system by identifying perceptions of agro-food chain fairness and establishing a link with food shopping intentions. The research provides companies with suggestions on how to expand sales by reaching a greater number of consumers.

The Variability of Recovery From Pediatric Concussion Using Multimodal Clinical Definitions.

While concussions are common pediatric injuries, a lack of agreement on a standard definition of recovery creates multiple challenges for clinicians and researchers alike. The percentage of concussed youth deemed recovered as part of a prospective cohort study will differ depending on the recovery definition. Descriptive epidemiologic study of a prospectively enrolled observational cohort. Level 3. Participants aged 11 to 18 years were enrolled from the concussion program of a tertiary care academic center. Data were collected from initial and follow-up clinical visits ≤12 weeks from injury. A total of 10 recovery definitions were assessed: (1) cleared to full return to sports; (2) return to full school; (3) self-reported return to normal; (4) self-reported full return to school; (5) self-reported full return to exercise; (6) symptom return to preinjury state; (7) complete symptom resolution; (8) symptoms below standardized threshold; (9) no abnormal visio-vestibular examination (VVE) elements; and (10) ≤1 abnormal VVE assessments. In total, 174 participants were enrolled. By week 4, 63.8% met at least 1 recovery definition versus 78.2% by week 8 versus 88.5% by week 12. For individual measures of recovery at week 4, percent recovered ranged from 5% by self-reported full return to exercise to 45% for ≤1 VVE abnormality (similar trends at 8 and 12 weeks). There is wide variability in the proportion of youth considered recovered at various points following concussion depending on the definition of recovery, with higher proportions using physiologic examination-based measures and lower proportions using patient-reported measures. These results further emphasize the need for a multimodal assessment of recovery by clinicians as a single and standardized definition of recovery that captures the broad impact of concussion on a given patient continues to be elusive.