Abstract
The article examines educational and research tasks for students in the focus of STEM education. The work presents an overview and comparative analysis of the latest publications on topical issues of the introduction of STEM education. It is emphasized that during a comparative analysis of scientific sources, it was found that there is no single definition for STEM education, but its characteristic features are that such an education system prepares a child for life in the real world, which is constantly changing, teaches to respond to these changes. The organization of teaching STEM disciplines takes place on the basis of educational and research activities of schoolchildren. It reorients students to mastering educational and research skills, which will contribute to faster adaptation of socio-economic life. Educational and research tasks are a means of forming educational and research skills. The article shows the factors that increase the effectiveness of educational and research tasks, such as: the child's personal interest; simplicity, practical significance; social or personal orientation; originality; time factor. The current issue is the implementation of energy-saving activities in everyday life. In Ukraine, the state of implementation of energy saving measures is insufficient, and in the housing and communal economy - critical. Therefore, it is advisable to use practical tasks related to energy saving and energy-saving technologies and adapt them for consideration with students in the process of STEM education. The author emphasizes that tasks should be formulated in an accessible language, involve students' current scientific vocabulary. The work presents the author's problems in mathematics, containing the problem of electricity conservation, developed for students of grades 6-9. Solving educational and research tasks related to the basics of green energy and the basics of family-type financial calculations give students a practical result in the form of partial recommendations on the feasibility of establishing sources of renewable energy and its use.
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