Understanding the dynamics of charge trapping and detrapping is essential for improving the optoelectronic performance of hybrid perovskite materials. In this study, we investigate temperature-dependent luminescence and electrical transport in single crystals of methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3). Radioluminescence and photoluminescence spectra collected from 8 to 300 K reveal multiple emission features, with several trap-related peaks disappearing at specific temperatures. These changes correlate with thermoluminescence measurements, which identify two prominent glow peaks corresponding to trap levels with activation energies of 69 and 126 meV, suggesting thermally driven release of carriers. Complementary current–voltage measurements performed at cryogenic temperatures exhibit clear trap-filled-limit and space-charge-limited current regimes, emerging only above 100 K. The absence of trap-filled-limit behavior at lower temperatures supports the presence of traps that hinder charge transport, consistent with the observed luminescence dynamics. Together, these results provide a coherent picture of thermal detrapping and carrier recombination in MAPbBr3, offering insights relevant to perovskite-based optoelectronic applications.

Metallic Kagome magnets have received a great deal of research attention in recent years for their intriguing magnetic properties. Recently, YMn6Sn6(Y166), which belongs to this family of compounds, has been studied to show different magnetic phases including the distorted spiral (DS), transverse conical spiral (TCS), fan-like (FL) and the forced-ferromagnetic (FF) phases respectively. In this work, we employed very high-frequency electron spin resonance (VHF-ESR) spectroscopy to investigate the local microscopic magnetic interactions of Mn ions in Y166. Particularly, the temperature-dependent ESR behavior at variable very-high microwave frequency (ν= 120, 240, and 300 GHz) was studied. The ESR spectral behavior above room temperature (up to 350 K) on Y166 single crystals, where the magnetic field was applied in-plane and out-of-plane orientations of the sample layers was also investigated. A couple of non-trivial magnetic phases at different temperatures and frequencies, including the TCS, FL and FF phases were identified. The DS phase was not identified because our measurements were taken at fields higher than the fields (0-2 T) at which this phase occurs. In addition, angular dependence of the resonance field at room temperature (290 K) forv= 240 GHz follows a (3cos2θ- 1)- like angular dependence which reveals the 'U-shape' (from 0˚ to 180˚) of the resonance field. This behavior indicates the presence of 2D spin correlations in Y166. This work has implications in emerging applications such as high-frequency microwave and terahertz communications and spintronics.

This study systematically investigates the regulation of the spin reorientation behavior in YFe0.7Mn0.3O3 (YFMO) single crystal under electric, magnetic, and hydrostatic pressure fields. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals a characteristic mixed-valence state dominated by Fe2+ along with a high concentration of oxygen vacancies. Magnetic measurements indicate that an electric field of 10 kV/cm does not alter the c axis magnetization, regardless of the field direction. The magnetic response shows clear anisotropy. A high field (>23 kOe) along the a axis induces the Γ2 (Fx) phase, while along the c axis it drives a reversible transition between the Γ1 (Cz) and Γ4 (Fz) phases. Hydrostatic pressure further exhibits versatile regulatory capabilities. It not only shifts the Γ4→Γ1 transition temperature along the c axis but also induces an emergent Γ3 (Fy) phase along the b axis. Consequently, the phase transition pathway expands from a simple Γ4→Γ1 sequence to a complex process involving mixed Γ3 phases. This work elucidates the anisotropic response of YFMO to external fields and reveals the potential of pressure for regulating spin order, providing valuable insights for developing room-temperature spintronic devices.

Inorganic perovskite CsPbCl3 single crystals (SCs) grown via low-cost solution methods typically achieve sizes smaller than 1mm, primarily due to the low solubility of the raw materials in solvents. This limitation significantly constrains their viability for X-ray detection applications. To address this challenge, an effective strategy is developed that not only increased the solubility of raw materials by 28 times but also significantly improved the crystallization matching between different components. This advance enabled the successful growth of high-quality CsPbCl3-based SCs reaching 13mm in size using a low-temperature solution process. The solution-grown SCs exhibit low trap density (∼108 cm-3), large resistivity (2.35 ×109 Ω cm), high µτ product (1.02 ×10-3 cm2 V-1), and superior uniformity. Therefore, X-ray detectors fabricated on these SCs achieved a record-high sensitivity of 2.19 ×105 µC Gy-1 cm-2, a short response time of 307 µs, low noise current, and stable response output. Owing to these superior figures of merit, a prototype portable dosimeter assembled by the SC detector exhibited an extremely low detectable radiation of 0.07 nSv s-1. Furthermore, the high-definition X-ray imaging of the SC detector is also demonstrated. This work provides an effective approach for the low-cost manufacturing of high-performance X-ray detection systems.

This study presents performance predictions and selection strategies for different generations of single crystals to guide the application of single-crystal face-plated 2-2 piezocomposites in deep-water hydrophones. Accordingly, the home-built setups were developed for measuring the parameter variation of three generations of single crystals under uniaxial stress. Based on this foundation, a stress-dependent static equilibrium model for face-plated 2-2 piezocomposites was established. The stress-dependent parameters were incorporated into the model to evaluate the performance of face-plated 2-2 piezocomposite hydrophones. Furthermore, a finite element model including the stress-dependent parameters was established to verify the effectiveness and enhance the accuracy of the prediction. The results show that the receiving voltage sensitivity (RVS) of the hydrophone using PMN-PT single-crystal piezocomposites tends to be better under uniaxial stress within the range of 0.6-1.8 MPa, while for Mn:PIN-PMN-PT, the RVS decreases by no more than 6 dB until the stress reaches 4 MPa. In conclusion, the PMN-PT single crystal is advantageous for hydrophones operating under uniaxial stress below 200 m, whereas the Mn:PIN-PMN-PT single crystal is more suitable for deep-water hydrophone applications due to its stable piezoelectric performance.

The origin of extraordinarily low twinning stresses, at the level of 0.02 MPa, for type II twin boundaries in Ni-Mn-Ga single crystals has been a matter of discussion for at least three decades. In this sense, the atomic structure of this boundary has aroused great interest since it may provide a definitive answer related to extremely low twinning stress, practically no temperature dependence, irrational twinning plane, and a high migration rate. This points to fundamentally different dynamics of type II boundaries compared to other twin interconnections. For this reason, its irrational twin-plane character was supposed to decompose into arrays of facets with rational components relaxed by an arrangement of equally spaced disconnections. However, up to now, no one present a clear experimental evidence. This work shows that the macroscopic irrational character of the type II twin boundary is represented by two faceted rational components at the atomistic scale. Complementary, a dislocation-free mechanism for easy twin boundary motion, including shuffle of atomic layers due to extremely soft elastic response along the [ 1 ¯ 10] direction, is proposed. The present model explains very weak or practically nonexistent temperature sensitivity of twinning stress. The given concept enables breakthrough in technological applications for a broad class of functional materials, including ferroelectrics and multiferroics, exhibiting almost zero lattice friction down to 1.7 K.

Abstract This details the principles and applications of Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS), a powerful analytical tool derived from the foundational Rutherford scattering experiments (1908–1924). RBS enables the chemical identification of elements based on the position of plateaus in the energy spectrum, while composition is accurately determined by the ratio of plateau heights, utilizing the differential scattering cross-section’s proportionality to the atomic number. Thin film thickness is calculated from the plateau width, with consideration of energy loss and stopping power for depth-dependent collisions. Furthermore, RBS allows for the characterization of surface roughness through the simulation of the low-energy plateau tail. The technique is widely applied to characterize thin films, multilayer heterostructures, and graded composition materials, with examples including the analysis of the BiTe system, porous silicon filled with ZnTe, and phase transformations in molybdenum oxides. Finally, the utility of complementing RBS with Channelling in single crystals is highlighted for verifying epitaxial quality and studying interstitial atoms within the lattice structure.

Bayesian inference and uncertainty quantification for modeling of body-centered-cubic single crystals

The plastic deformation behavior of high-purity alpha-titanium (α-Ti) single crystals is investigated through micropillar compression experiments over a wide range of strain rates ( 10 − 3 to 10 3 s − 1 ) at room temperature. For c - axis compression, where prismatic slip is geometrically unfavorable, two distinct deformation regimes emerge. At low to intermediate strain rates ( ε ˙ < 10 2 s − 1 ) plasticity is governed by a non-classical kink band-type mechanism. Deformation is accommodated within broad, localized bands exhibiting significant continuous lattice rotation and internal 〈 c + a 〉 dislocation structures. These bands lack discrete slip traces and show features distinct from conventional slip or twinning. At higher strain rates ( ε ˙ ≥ 10 2 s − 1 ) a transition to deformation twinning is observed, characterized by exhaustive { 11 2 ¯ 2 } 〈 1 ¯ 1 ¯ 23 〉 twinning and twin-twin interactions. This shift in deformation mode coincides with a notable increase in flow stress. In contrast, for compression perpendicular to the c - axis, plastic deformation is consistently accommodated by prismatic { 10 1 ¯ 0 } 〈 11 2 ¯ 0 〉 slip across the entire range of strain rates, without showing any evidence of twinning or kink band formation. Additionally, the flow stress is significantly (7x) lower than that under c - axis loading. This work provides direct experimental evidence of strain rate-induced transitions in deformation mechanisms of α-Ti at the microscale.

Study of the effect of ionizing γ-radiation on the structural and vibrational properties of GaS and Yb-doped GaS (GaSYb) single crystals by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy

Ferroelectric domain walls separate regions of uniform polarization in ferroelectric materials, and their controlled manipulation, such as through electric poling, is essential for enhancing the electromechanical performance of advanced ferroelectric devices. While most existing imaging techniques only examine static domain structures at the pre- or post-poling state, real-time, in situ, and non-destructive visualization of internal domain wall dynamics during electric poling using a simple implementation remains a significant challenge. In this work, we present a simple and accessible optical technique, instant polarized light microscopy (IPOLπ), for through-volume, single-shot, and in situ observation of domain wall evolution during electric poling. Demonstrated on [110]-oriented Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 single crystals, IPOLπ enables direct observation of polarization dynamics during alternating current poling and electrical depoling. The method reveals the formation of layered domain structures initiating at sample edges and progressing inward, as well as the correlation between optical birefringence changes and electrical current response. This low-cost, robust technique provides a powerful tool for studying real-time domain wall behavior, offering new insights into structure-property relationships in functional ferroelectric crystals.

Physical and multi-stimuli luminescence properties with defect correlation in (100) and (010) oriented Eu:β-Ga2O3 single crystals

Balanced properties in Mn doped PZT-5H single crystals grown by the solid state crystal growth

Abstract The flux of solar system meteoroids is dominated by objects less than 1 mm in diameter whose impact effects play a major role in the space weathering of airless body surfaces. These effects remain poorly characterized with respect to their dependence on the range of impact speeds for meteoroids across the inner solar system. We investigated this dependence specifically for the mineral olivine using an electrostatic dust accelerator to bombard olivine single crystals with a stream of Fe metal dust particles traveling at measured speeds between 0.3 and 20 km s −1 . The impacting particles produced microcraters 0.2–5.2 μm in diameter whose content of impact melt, and brittle/ductile shock‐induced deformation features, were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. While particles traveling &lt;1 km s −1 were not able to form microcraters, analysis of the size versus speed relations for the faster particles allowed their impact speeds and maximum shock pressures to be statistically constrained. Microcraters 0.2–0.5 μm in diameter contain olivine‐composition shock melt estimated to have formed at impact speeds as high as 15–20 km s −1 , and shock pressures more than 250 GPa. Transmission electron microscope studies of shock melt in larger, ∼1.5 μm diameter, microcraters found it was free of impact‐generated nanophase metallic Fe (npFe 0 ). The impact speeds for these craters of 3.0–5.0 km s −1 suggest that in asteroid regoliths dominated by olivine, still higher impact speeds may be necessary to allow npFe 0 to be produced.

Achieving large plasticity in bulk magnesium single crystal via dynamic compression

Growth and Characterization of Eu3+-doped Bi12GeO20 Single Crystals

The continuous tunability in the number of conducting domain walls in low-dimensional ferroelectric devices has attracted extensive attention in modulating synaptic weights during biological learning processes. However, most of domain switching events in ferroelectric single crystals occur abruptly to form a single domain pattern that lacks the synaptic plasticity. Here we found multilevel data storage of conducting traces of domain walls after erasure within mesa-like cells fabricated at the surface of a LiNbO3 single-crystal film. In contrast, the domain walls that are previously conducting become insulating after thermal annealing at 500 °C for 1 h. The intrinsic physics is correlated with charge injection into the domain wall regions to compensate the domain boundary charge at high temperature that reduces domain nucleation energies in promoting multidomain formation.

Upconversion luminescence and temperature sensing properties of rare-earth-doped double perovskite single crystals

Enhanced topological Hall effect via P doping in antiferromagnetic EuAgSb single crystal

Growth, structural, optical, thermal and nonlinear optical studies of L-histidine hydrochloride (LHHCl) single crystals for optoelectronic applications