Single Cone Obturation Technique Research Articles

Comparative evaluation of push-out bond strength of endosequence bioceramic sealer hiflow and endoseal MTA with single cone obturation technique

Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the PBS of End sequence bio ceramic sealer hiflow and endoseaL MTA with single cone obturation techniques.Materials and Methods: Twenty extracted single-root human teeth of similar sizes and circular canals were randomly selected and stored in distilled water at 4 °C.Results: All specimens showed measurable adhesive properties to root dentin. In addition, no premature failure occurred. Overall, the push-out bond strength was the highest in the coronal third and lowest in the apical third. Endosequence bioceramic sealer hiflow specimens displayed statistically higher bond strengths (p=0.0012, 0.51- 5.9 MPa). Endoseal MTA showed the lowest bond strengths.Conclusion: Endosequence bioceramic sealer hiflow Group had a significantly higher PBS value than other Group from the apex. At 5 and 10 mm from the apex, no significant difference in PBS was found among the endosequence bioceramic sealer hiflow and endoseal MTA (P>0.05). The most common failure mode found in all Groups was a mixed failure.

Comparison of Fracture Resistance between Single-cone and Warm Vertical Compaction Technique Using Bio-C Sealer® in Mandibular Incisors: An In Vitro Study

The aim of the study was to compare the fracture resistance of the single-cone technique with the warm vertical compaction technique (WVCT) in mandibular incisors using Bio-C sealer®, by applying a compressive force using a universal testing machine (UTM) (Instron 5943; Instron, Norwood, Massachusetts, USA). Twenty-two mandibular incisors were selected and divided into two groups after applying the same shaping protocol. To assess the influence of the wave vertical compaction technique on the fracture resistance, the first group was obturated by a single-cone obturation technique (SCOT) (n = 12), and the second group was obturated with a WVCT (n = 10). Bio-C sealer® (Angelus, Hague Netherlands) was used in the two obturation techniques. Wax-coated roots were put in an acrylic mold and loaded to compressive strength fracture in a mechanical material testing machine (UTM) (Instron 5943; Instron, Norwood, Massachusetts, USA), with Bluehill 3 software (version 3.15.1343) recording the maximum load at fracture. Fracture loads were compared statistically, and data were examined with the Mann-Whitney U test with a level of significance set at p ≤0.05. No statistically significant difference was registered between the SCOT (264.97 ± 83.975 N) and WVCT (313.35 ± 89.149 N) concerning the endodontically treated mandibular incisors' fracture resistance (p = 0.159). Warm vertical compaction technique (WVCT) did not affect the fracture resistance of endodontically treated mandibular incisors when compared to SCOT canal preparation. General practitioners and endodontists face challenges during root canal treatment such as cracks and root fractures. This article aims to guide experts in choosing between the single-cone and the continuous WVCT aiming for higher long-term quality of root canal filling.

Application status and prospect of single-cone obturation technique with bioceramic sealers

Compared with cold lateral condensation and continuous wave of condensation which are classically used in clinical, newly emerging single-cone obturation technique is easy-to-operate as well as time-saving. Especially when combined with bioceramic root canal sealers of improved physicochemical and biological properties, single-cone obturation technique showed satisfactory short-term outcomes in clinical observations. However, difficulties still exist in avoiding the root canal overfilling and in operating the retreatment. Besides, the long-term effects of single-cone obturation with bioceramic sealers still remain unclear. This article makes an overview on the history and development of single-cone obturation ,and provides analysis of its pros and corns. Furthermore, we would also like to summarize its clinical application and look into its future improvements.

Outcome of root canal treatment using Bioceramic sealer and resinbased sealer: An observational analytical study

The proper shaping and cleaning followed by well-sealed root canal system is desired for successful outcome of the endodontic treatment. With the advent of Bioceramic sealers and their beneficial biological properties, they have been widely incorporated in clinical practice. So, the purpose of this study was to find out the difference in the healing outcome of root canal treatments and retreatments carried out with either single cone obturation technique (SCO) or warm vertical compaction technique (WVC). This was observational analytical study (Cohort study), carried out in private practice. The patients were recalled at-least at six months. When association of healing with type of sealer was considered there was a statistically significant association between healing potential and type of sealer (p-value 0.03). Kaplan -Meier analysis for time to healing showed that with progress of time probability of healing was seen to be more in bioceramic sealer group. Within the limitations of this study the SCO had good healing potential and can be used as a safe alternative in obturation.

Retrospective study of endodontic treatment performed by undergraduate students using reciprocating instrumentation and single-cone obturation.

The aim of this cross-sectional retrospective study was to evaluate radiographically the technical quality of root canal treatment performed by undergraduate students using reciprocating NiTi instrumentation and single-cone obturation. Endodontic treatment on 1102 teeth performed by undergraduate students from the School of Dentistry of the University of Santa Cecilia (Brazil) was evaluated. All root canal preparations were performed using Reciproc files and were irrigated with 1% NaOCl. The root canal was filled with gutta-percha, along with AH Plus sealer, using the single-cone obturation technique. The technical quality of the root canal treatment was evaluated based on immediate postoperative radiographs. Distance between the end of the filling and the radiographic apex, the filling density, and the taper of the root filling was assessed. Inter-examiner agreement statistic (Kappa) and Chi-square statistic test were used for statistical evaluation of the results. Differences were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. Anterior teeth, maxillary premolars, and molars presented better results than mandibular premolars and molars (p < 0.05). Mandibular premolars presented a high incidence of a short length of obturation (33.34%) and mandibular molars presented a high incidence of overfilling (6.55%). The majority of the treatment analyzed (62.46%) fulfilled all the criteria showing acceptable working length, taper, and density of obturation. Instrument fractures occurred in eighteen root canals (0.81%). The use of NiTi reciprocating instruments with the single-cone obturation technique provided an acceptable quality of endodontic treatment in the majority of the cases performed by undergraduate students.

Endodontic treatment during pregnancy: case series and literature review

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to provide a scientific basis for conducting safe root canal treatment in pregnant women, illustrating with case reports treated in the extension project Maternal-Child Dental Care at the Federal University of Pelotas. The scientific bases address the main doubts of professionals when performing prenatal dental care: use of radiographic examination, local anesthetics, prescription of medications, among other essential factors in the care of pregnant women. The assisted pregnant women sought care with dental pain. In two cases symptomatic irreversible pulpitis was diagnosed, while a third was experiencing acute apical periodontitis. Endodontic procedures were performed under controlled and standardized conditions. The root canals were prepared in a single session, using mechanical instrumentation with reciprocating kinematics (Wave One® Gold Primary - Dentsply Sirona), and the root canal length was determined by an electronic apex locator FinePex (Schuster). Root canal filling was performed by the single cone technique with Wave One® gutta-percha points. After endodontic treatment, coronal sealing was performed with composite resin A2 Z350 XT (3M ESPE). The care related to the gestational condition is highlighted, and the patients remain under monitoring. It is concluded that the use of apical locators and mechanical instrumentation, using reciprocating files associated with the single cone obturation technique with a standardized cone for each system, represents advances for the accomplishment of endodontic treatment in pregnant patients due to the shorter clinical time and greater comfort of the procedure.

Effect of Chelating Agents on Push-Out Bond Strength of NeoMTA Plus to Root Canal Dentin

Objective To evaluate and compare the effect of 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA), 9% Etidronic acid (HEDP), and 7% Maleic acid (MA) on the push-out bond strength of NeoMTA Plus sealer to the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of root canal dentin. Material and Methods Forty single-rooted human maxillary central incisors were selected and decoronated to 12 mm long root fragments. Working length was established and root canals were then enlarged up to rotary Protaper F3. After each instrumentation, the root canal was irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl. For the final irrigation regimen, the specimens were divided into 4 groups (n=10) and treated with EDTA, HEDP, MA or Saline. Root canals were coated with NeoMTA Plus sealer, and obturation was done with single cone obturation technique. Subsequently, three horizontal sections were taken from the coronal, middle and apical thirds of each specimen, and POBS was measured using a universal testing machine. The type of bond failures was assessed under a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis was done with One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s Post hoc analysis. Results MA and EDTA showed the highest POBS. There was no significant difference in bond strength between MA and EDTA (p>0.05). HEDP and Saline showed lower POBS. Among all the four groups, the coronal third showed the highest values, followed by middle and apical thirds. Conclusion The type of chelating agent used during the root canal treatment significantly affects the bond strength of NeoMTA Plus to the root canal dentin.

Coronal and apical leakage among five endodontic sealers.

The aim of this study was to use dye penetration to measure apical and coronal leakage simultaneously in single-canal teeth that had been treated endodontically using a single-cone obturation technique. One hundred single-canal, extracted human teeth were cleaned and shaped with ProTaper NEXT rotary files to size-X5 (50/.06), then randomly assigned to five sealer groups for single-cone gutta-percha obturation. The teeth were soaked in 0.6% rhodamine B at 37°C for seven days, then the roots were ground mesiodistally and the maximum apical and coronal dye penetration was measured. Differences in leakage among the sealer groups were examined using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Pairwise comparisons were made using the Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni correction. The mean values (mm) of dye penetration for AH Plus, Pulp Canal Sealer, NeoSEALER Flo, EndoSequence BC, and Super-Bond RC Sealer were 0.200, 0.300, 0.675, 0.850, and 0.900 apically, whereas 1.675, 2.075, 4.800, 6.500, and 4.125 coronally. Pairwise comparisons showed significant apical differences between AH Plus/Super-Bond RC Sealer (P = 0.047) and significant coronal differences between AH Plus/NeoSEALER Flo (P = 0.001), AH Plus/EndoSequence BC (P < 0.01), AH Plus/Super-Bond RC Sealer (P < 0.01), Pulp Canal Sealer/NeoSEALER Flo (P = 0.010), Pulp Canal Sealer/EndoSequence BC (P < 0.01), and Pulp Canal Sealer/Super-Bond RC Sealer (P < 0.01). Coronal leakage was worse than apical leakage for all sealers. AH Plus exhibited the least leakage apically and coronally; Super-Bond RC Sealer showed the most leakage apically, and EndoSequence BC showed the most leakage coronally.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Calcium-Silicate vs. Resin Based Sealers-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Laboratory-Based Studies.

Introduction: The aim of this systematic review is to analyse the effect of physico-chemical properties of calcium silicate-based sealers in comparison to epoxy resin sealers in permanent teeth using a single-cone obturation technique. Methods: The study was conducted according to the guidelines of Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Literature search was performed using the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, DOAJ, Open Gray with no language restrictions until October 2020. Two reviewers assessed the studies for eligibility. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) was carried out to assess the evidence. Meta-analysis of the pooled data with subgroups was performed using the RevMan software (p < 0.05). Results: Results from the 28 included studies showed that the mean difference in adaptation to root canal walls (marginal adaptation, interfacial gaps and void volume) for both sealers were non-significant. However, void volume values showed a significant mean difference (p < 0.00001) favouring the calcium silicate-based sealers. The pooled meta-analysis reported statistically significant differences for apical microleakage (p = 0.0007) whilst there were non-significant mean differences for fracture resistance (p = 0.09) and push-out bond strength (p = 0.63). The heterogeneity among the included studies was 97% (I2). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this review, calcium silicate-based sealers demonstrated a similar or superior performance in comparison to resin-based sealers in terms of the physico-chemical properties.

Comparing the efficacy of EndoSequence Root Repair Material, Biodentine, MTA angelus as retrograde filling in microbial leakage by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of EndoSequence ® Root Repair Materia, Biodentine, and MTA angelus® as root end filling in bacterial leakage and confirmed with Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM). Methods: 55 maxillary single rooted teeth were used in this study. The teeth were decoronated at 16mm. root canals was prepared by using ProTaper rotary Ni-Ti instruments. Pro-taper F3 size Gutta-percha and AH plus sealer were used for single cone obturation technique. The root resection was done in the apex at 3 mm. The root end cavity was prepared by ultrasonic retro-tips. Samples were divided into 5 groups with 11 samples each according to retrograde cavities filling. Group1(EndoSequence), Group 2 (Biodentine). Group 3 (MTA angelus), Group 4 (Positive control), and Group 5 (Negative control). Dual chamber apparatus was prepared to test the retrograde filling leakage. The Enterococcus Faecalis in Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope under 20X magnification to measures of E. Faecalis penetration depth through retrograde materials. Results: EndoSequence® had better results in bacterial leakage and in penetration depth into the dentinal tubules with statisticallysignificant difference when compared to BiodentineTM and MTA angelus® (p ≤ 0.05). On other hand there was no any statistically significant difference between BiodentineTM and MTA angelus® (p>0.05) with more leakage in dual chamber whereas bacterial penetration into the dentinal tubules in CLSM was measured. Conclusions: EndoSequence showed better results in both bacterial leakage and in bacterial penetration.

Evaluation of the Apical Sealing Ability of Bioceramic and AH Plus Root Canal Sealers – An In Vitro Study

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of apical sealing ability of Bioceramic and AH plus root canal sealers, an in-vitro study.METHODOLOGY: This in vitro non-probability convenient sampling study was conducted at the Department of Operative Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro from June-December 2018. Fresh extracted 32 teeth were included and their crowns were sectioned at Cemento-Enamel Junction/service to obtain 12mm standard root length. The access cavity was gainedusing endodontic instruments. The teeth were divided into two groups, in Group A (n=16) MTA Bioceramic and in Group B (n=16) AH Plus was used as root canal sealers by single cone obturation technique. The obturated specimens were stored in humid conditions for one week. Analysis was done using SPSS version 20.RESULTS: Mean and standard deviation of dye leakage for Bioceramic were 2.25±0.9 whereas for AH Plus was significantly lower, 1.19±0.75. Teeth included in Group A were central incisors 37.5%, lateral incisors 18.8%, canine 12.5%, lower first premolars 12.5% and second premolars 6.3%, whereas Group B consisted of central incisors 18.8%, lateral incisors 12.5 %, canine 12.5%, lower first premolars 18.8 % and second premolars 6.3%. Dye leakage was higher in Group A compared to Group B with a significant P-value < 0.001.CONCLUSION: It can be concluded based on this study that AH Plus offers a better apical seal as compared to Bioceramic-based MTA Fillapex sealers. KEYWORDS: Methylene Blue, Dye, Microleakage, Bioceramic, Apical Seal, Root Canal Sealers, Obturation, MTA, AH plus

Long-term porosity and retreatability of oval-shaped canals obturated using two different methods with a novel tricalcium silicate sealer.

To evaluate the percentage volume of voids and gaps in oval-shaped canals obturated using two different methods with a tricalcium silicate-based sealer after short- or long-term storage. The long-term effect of storage on the efficiency of removing filling material was also investigated. Forty premolar teeth with oval-shaped canals were instrumented to Reciproc R25 and obturated using single cone obturation (SCO) or warm vertical compaction (WVC) techniques with gutta-percha and HiFlow sealer. The specimens were stored at 100% humidity and 37°C for 2 weeks or 6 months and scanned using micro-computed tomography. Initial retreatment was performed up to a Reciproc R40, and the operating time was recorded. The residual material in the canal received a supplementary procedure using XP-endo Finisher R (XPFR) files. After each retreatment procedure, the specimens were rescanned. The percentage volume of voids and gaps in the SCO group was higher than that of the WVC group at both 2 weeks and 6 months (P < 0.05). The percentage volume of the filling material removed after initial retreatment and XPFR cleaning was significantly higher in the 6-month group than in the 2-week groups (P < 0.05). The proportion of the residual material decreased significantly when XPFR files were used, compared to the initial retreatment group (P < 0.05) in both storage times. The efficiency of retreatment in the oval-shaped canal was closely related to the storage time rather than the filling technique using a tricalcium silicate sealer. The XPFR instrument proved effective in the removal of the remaining materials from the oval-shaped canal. Obturation of the oval-shaped canal with TSBS using the SCO technique in the coronal area needs to be optimized. The retreatment was less efficacious in freshly filled canals than aged filled canals.

Comparison of bacterial microleakage of three bioactive endodontic sealers in simulated underwater diving and aviation conditions

BackgroundBacterial microleakage is an important cause of apical periodontitis and endodontic treatment failure. This study aimed to assess the bacterial microleakage of nano-mineral trioxide aggregate (nano-MTA) as a sealer, Endoseal MTA, and GuttaFlow Bioseal sealers in atmospheric pressure, and simulated underwater diving and aviation conditions.MethodsIn this in vitro, experimental study, 180 extracted single-rooted teeth were cleaned and shaped, and were then randomly divided into three groups for single-cone obturation using Endoseal MTA, GuttaFlow Bioseal, or nano-MTA as a sealer. Each group was then randomly divided into three subgroups, and subjected to ambient atmospheric pressure, 2 atm pressure (to simulate underwater diving), and 0.5 atm pressure (to simulate aviation) using a custom-made pressure chamber. The teeth then underwent microbial leakage test using Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), and the percentage of samples showing microleakage was recorded for up to 1 month, and analyzed using the Chi-square test.ResultsThe three sealer groups were significantly different regarding bacterial microleakage (P < 0.05). The nano-MTA group showed significantly higher microleakage after 15 days than the other two groups (P = 0.006). The effect of pressure on bacterial microleakage was not significant in any sealer group (P > 0.05).ConclusionWithin the limitations of this in vitro study, it may be concluded that single-cone obturation technique using nano-MTA as a sealer results in lower resistance to bacterial microleakage compared with the use of GuttaFlow Bioseal, and Endoseal MTA. Pressure changes in simulated underwater diving and aviation conditions had no significant effect on bacterial microleakage.Trial Registration Number This is not a human subject research.

Fuerza de unión por micro-expulsión del sellador de conductos radiculares a base de minerales en conductos con diferentes ahusamientos

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the micro-push-out bond strength of a mineral-based root canal sealer, BioRoot RCS in canals prepared by K3XF rotary systems of two different tapers. Material and Methods: Eighty caries free maxillary central incisors were used in this study. The samples were allocated into 4 groups (n=20) according to the root canal sealer and taper of the rotary instruments. The samples were obturated using single cone obturation technique. From each root 1mm thick slices at coronal, middle and apical thirds were collected using hard tissue microtome under continuous water coolant. Push-out tests were done for these sections using a Universal testing machine (INSTRON 8801) at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the bond strengths within groups and Tukey’s multiple post hoc analysis was used for pair-wise comparison of bond strengths. Results: AH Plus exhibited higher micro-push-out bond strength than BioRootRCS though they did not differ significantly (p&gt;0.05). Preparation of root canals with 6% taper rotary instruments showed higher bond strength than 4% though they did not differ significantly (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant difference between micro-push-out bond strength values of BioRoot RCS and AH Plus. The bond strength values were high in 6% taper canals than 4% canals though the difference was not significant statistically.

Experimental research of retreatability of root canals filled with bioceramic sealer

Aim. This study aimed to determine the residual filling material and the reestablishment of working length and apical patency after retreatment of TotalFill® BC Sealer.Materials and methods. Thirty maxillary incisors were used in a single cone obturation technique with TotalFill BC Sealer (FKG, Switzerland) and randomly divided into 6 groups according to the retreatment technique. The samples were scanned by micro-CT before and after retreatment in order to evaluate the residual filling material on the root dentin walls. Data were analyzed statistically with the Kruskal-Wallis tests (p &lt; 0.05).Results. No instrumental protocol was able to remove all obturation material from the root canals. The differences in reduction in the total volume of filling material percentage were statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05) among groups with and without ultrasound or sound activation in retreatment protocol.Conclusions. The most effective root canal retreatment was determined with D-Race + XP-endo Shaper + XP-Endo Finisher R + US (3.0 W) protocol; it was found that the efficiency of filling material removal was more than 92%.

A novel modified obturation technique using biosealers: An ex vivo study.

Background:The root canal anatomy is a complex space, and using a single-cone obturation technique does not guarantee a complete filling.Aim:This research aimed to evaluate the actual temperature of the biosealer during the obturation phase inside the root canal using a new hot technique. In addition, this study evaluated the penetration depth of the biosealer inside dentinal tubules.Setting and Design:The current study was concluded on two ex vivo experiments; the former tested the temperature evaluation. The latter examined the penetration depth of the biosealer.Materials and Methods:In this study, 42 sec mandibular premolars were used, and two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, two premolars were utilized, and two thermocouples of K-type for each tooth were used. During the second experiment, the penetration depth of the biosealer was examined, 40 teeth were selected. Root canals were prepared then divided into two obturation groups: A, gutta-percha, and biosealer with single-cone technique and B, gutta-percha, and biosealer with a newly proposed obturation method. Confocal laser scanning was used to assess the penetration of the sealer.Statistical Analysis Used:In the first experiment, the Bonferroni method was performed to compare the temperature data. The tests used in the second experiment were Shapiro–Wilk's test, Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney tests.Results:The first experiment results showed that the heat does not reach the apical third using the new obturation method. In the second experiment, the results showed in Group B significantly higher biosealer penetration into the dentinal tubules as compared to Group A (P < 0.05).Conclusions:The highest level of penetration of the biosealer in the dentinal tubules was observed in the group of the new obturation method, and the last apical 3 mm remained at 37° using this novel hot modified technique providing no risk of chemical alteration of the biosealer.

Retreatability of bioceramic and GuttaFlow bioseal root canal sealers using ProTaper universal system retreatment files: An Ex vivo study

Introduction: To evaluate the retreatability of Bioceramic and GuttaFlow Bioseal sealers using ProTaper Universal System Retreatment files aided by dental microscope analysis. Materials and Methods: Root canals of forty single-rooted human mandibular premolar teeth were prepared with ProTaper Next rotary system and obturated with single-cone obturation technique (n = 20 each) using EndoSequence Bioceramic root canal sealer (Group 1) and GuttaFlow Bioseal root canal sealer (Group 2). All specimens were retreated with ProTaper Universal Retreatment System files. The working time of retreatment procedure was calculated. Samples were sectioned, and the residual filling remnants were observed under dental operating microscope. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: The least total working time was observed in GuttaFlow Bioseal group (2.35 min). Overall, less residual filling materials was found in Bioceramic sealer group specimens in all root levels compared to GuttaFlow Bioseal group (P = 0.000, 0.022, and 0.000, respectively). Conclusion: The retreatment technique used was incapable of complete removal of filling material within root canal walls.

Sealing Ability of AH Plus and GuttaFlow Bioseal.

The objective of root canal obturation is to achieve a fluid-tight seal. Recently, GuttaFlow bioseal (GB), a root canal sealer composed of polydimethylsiloxane, gutta-percha particles, and bioactive glass ceramics, has been developed, to enhance the sealing ability of root canal filling material. The objective of this study was to assess the sealing ability of GB using a subnanoliter-scaled fluid-flow measuring device and to compare with that of AH Plus (AH). The fluid flow in root canal-filled teeth using either gutta-percha cone (GP) with AH (GAR; n = 10) or GP with GB (GBR; n = 10) and in GP inserted in AH blocks (GA; n = 10) or GP inserted in GB blocks (GB; n = 10) was measured. In addition, fluid flow in sealer blocks of AH (A; n = 10) and GB (B; n = 10), which served as negative controls, was measured. Root canal-filled teeth using GP without any sealer (GR) acted as positive controls (n = 10). The leakage was obtained by calculating the volume of moved water by time (s), after stabilization of the fluid flow was achieved. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U-test with Bonferroni correction. A p value less than 0.00238 (0.05/21) was considered significantly different. The mean leakages (nL/s) in the groups are as follows: GAR, 0.0958 ± 0.0543; GBR, 0.0223 ± 0.0246; GA, 0.0644 ± 0.0803; GB, 0.0267 ± 0.0182; A, 0.0055 ± 0.0057; B, 0.0052 ± 0.005; and GR, 0.2892 ± 0.3018. The mean leakage in the GBR group was lower than that in the GAR group (p = 0.001), while the mean leakages in the GA and GB groups were not significantly different. GuttaFlow bioseal can be useful in single-cone obturation technique.

Comparative analysis of various obturation techniques in mandibular molars: A retrospective clinical outcome study

The primary objective of root canal treatment is the ability to remove irritants, to clean, shape and fill the root canal system three-dimensionally and prevent recontamination from bacterial irritants. Various Obturation techniques used for filling the root canals include lateral condensation, vertical compression, and thermoplastic gutta-percha techniques. The retrospective study aimed to evaluate the various obturation techniques used in mandibular molars. For this retrospective study data collection was based on patient records of Saveetha Dental College, Chennai and consisted of a total of 1903 cases evaluated based on the obturation technique within the time frame of 10th June 2019 to 1st March 2020. In this study, the obturation technique was evaluated based on the patients age, gender, procedure and based on the tooth in which obturation was done. Inclusion criteria consisted of the tooth that underwent endodontic treatment in patients within the age group of 18 to 60 yrs, a tooth with irreversible pulpal disease or chronic apical periodontitis, permanent tooth and mandibular molars. Exclusion criteria consisted of patients above 60 years, primary tooth, teeth in which root canal treatment was not undertaken, teeth with the presence of huge periapical lesions, severely calcified canals etc., severe periodontal disease, teeth apart from mandibular molars. All the values were then statistically analysed. In this study, 1930 patients (848 are females, and 1055 were males with a mean age of 24 years) were included. It was observed in this retrospective study that there was a significant difference between the various types of obturation technique used in mandibular molars. Matched single cone obturation technique was the preferred technique of obturation in the majority of the cases (62.4%). Single cone obturation technique has advantages over other techniques of obturation due to the fewer stress forces implied apically, thereby preventing an excess of sealer extrusion.

Comparison of dentin penetration ability of different root canal sealers used with different obturation methods.

This in vitro study aimed to investigate the tubular penetration depth of four different sealers used with two different obturation methods in the apical, middle, and coronal root canal dentin. Eighty-four single-rooted teeth were instrumented until the F4 ProTaper universal rotary file and filled with AH26, AH Plus (Dentsply, DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany), RealSeal (SybronEndo, Orange, CA), and MTA Fillapex (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) using cold lateral condensation (CLC) and single-cone (SC) obturation techniques. Thereafter, the roots were sectioned longitudinal and prepared for scanning electron microscope evaluation. The maximum and minimum sealers penetration depth into dentinal tubules at the apical, middle, and coronal regions and the average depth of sealer penetration were calculated. The data was statistically analyzed two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey and Dunnett tests and independent samples t test using maximum mean values. There was no statistically difference between the obturation methods (p > .05). When the sealers are evaluated within themselves AH26 was affected by obturation methods significantly (p < .05). Also the results revealed a significant difference between root regions (p < .05). AH26 and RealSeal root canal sealers had the highest penetration values with CLC and SC obturation techniques, respectively. The obturation method did not affect the penetration amount of root canal sealers. RealSeal root canal sealer performed better penetration ability than the other sealers. Apical third of the root in all groups showed lowest penetration depth.