Single Charge Research Articles

Research on Speed Control Methods and Energy-Saving for High-Voltage Transmission Line Inspection Robots along Cable Downhill

To ensure the safe operation of high-voltage transmission line inspection robots during downhill descents without power and extend their range after a single charge, this paper proposes an energy-saving speed control method for the inspection robot’s walking wheel motor on downhill slopes by integrating feedback braking and fuzzy PID control. By combining the parameter equation of the overhead catenary line and the structural characteristics of the overhead transmission line, this paper analyzes the relationship between the driving torque of the inspection robot’s wheels and the horizontal displacement along the transmission ground wire before and after descending. Based on this analysis, a speed control and energy recovery scheme is developed for the inspection robot, which combines front-wheel feedback braking with rear-wheel regenerative braking. The fuzzy PID method is utilized to adjust the PWM duty cycle to achieve energy-efficient speed control of the inspection robot’s rear walking wheels. Additionally, to improve the energy density and specific power of the robot’s energy storage unit, a composite power source consisting of lithium batteries and supercapacitors is employed to recover energy from the front walking wheels through feedback braking. The combined simulation results indicate that, compared to fuzzy control and PID control, fuzzy PID control better regulates the robot’s speed under varying slopes, wind resistance, and cable roughness. A downhill speed control system for the inspection of the robot’s walking wheel motor was designed, and its effectiveness was validated through simulated high-voltage line experiments. The fuzzy PID control was demonstrated to effectively maintain the rear walking wheel speed within the targeted range during downhill descents. When descending along a fixed 30° angle cable, the fuzzy PID control resulted in an increase of 5.28% and 14.26% in the state of charge (SOC) of the supercapacitor compared to PID control and fuzzy control, respectively. Moreover, when descending along fixed angle cables of 10°, 20°, and 30°, as well as a variable angle cable ranging from 30° to 0°, the SOC of the supercapacitor increased by 17.55%, 26.25%, 38.45%, and 31.29%, respectively. This demonstrates the effective absorption of regenerative braking energy during the robot’s downhill movement.

DETERMINATION OF LOGISTICS PARAMETERS OF E-CARGO BIKES FOR SUSTAINABLE DELIVERY OF POSTAL CARGO IN CITIES

The article is devoted to formation of parameters of logistics system of cargo transportation using «green technologies». The feasibility of using a distribution center with certain parameters of the supply chain is assessed. The solution of the problem of choosing the location of the logistics center was solved simultaneously with solving the problem of routing and choosing the carrying capacity of the vehicle. The number and configuration of transportation routes depends on the volume of cargo delivery, the location of the consignor and consignees, as well as on the carrying capacity of vehicles. Each location of the distribution center determines the number of routes, the distance of transportation, the volume of traffic on each section of the routes. As a result, it was proposed to use the value of the transport work of rolling stock as an indicator that takes into account these components. The initial data for determining the effective location of the distribution center is the volume of traffic for each sender and the location of consumers. In connection with the current trends in the development of "green technologies" in urban logistics, the question of the feasibility of using freight electric bicycles at the proposed location of the city logistics center was considered. When using green technology, electric cargo bicycles were considered as vehicles. The solution to the problem of determining the most efficient distribution center was carried out taking into account the possible carrying capacity of electric bicycles. A number of bicycles with different carrying capacities that can be used to transport mail cargo were selected. It was revealed that the rational location of the distribution center ensures minimal transport work during the transportation of goods to any carrying capacity of the bicycle. To assess the effectiveness of an electric cargo bike, the amount of transport work performed using a battery capacity unit was used as a criterion. The value of this criterion is determined by the technical characteristics of the bike, namely carrying capacity, mileage on a single battery charge and battery capacity. The value of the efficiency criterion determined the ranks of bicycles taking into account technological parameters. Keywords: logistics center, electric bike, distribution center, efficiency, supply, green technology.

Vibration Reduction and Explosion Control Investigation for an Ultra-Shallow Buried Tunnel under Crossing Buildings Based on HHT Analysis.

With the rapid development of underground space utilization, the excavation of new tunnels with ultra-shallow under crossing buildings using the drilling and blasting method is gradually increasing. The blasting vibration will undoubtedly affect the surrounding buildings. Reducing the impact of blasting vibration on ground buildings has become an important technical challenge faced by tunnel blasting technicians. The inlet end of the Xi'an-Chengdu High-Speed Railway Xiannvyan Tunnel passes below a village through an ultra-shallow buried section; as a result, blasting vibration control is a major concern. A design scheme for a 0.6 m footage in tunnel was proposed and verified through field tests. A 0.8 m footage scheme and 1.8 m footage millisecond interference vibration reduction scheme were proposed, respectively. Based on the HHT analysis, by comparing the surface vibration velocities and instantaneous energy obtained from the millisecond delay detonation of cutting holes and the detonation of different charging schemes, we found that the free surface, mass of single dynamite charges, and tunnel burial depth had significant influences on the surface vibration.

Experimental and theoretical multi-channel study of direct nuclear reactions: a tool to provide data driven information on the 76Ge neutrino-less double-beta decay

The study of heavy-ions induced double charge-exchange (HI-DCE) nuclear reactions is a promising way to access data-driven information on neutrino-less double-beta decay nuclear matrix elements. In the following, particular attention is given to the (18O,18Ne) and (20Ne,20O) HI-DCE reactions as tools for β + β + and β − β − decays, respectively. The experiments are performed in Catania at the Laboratori Nazionali del Sud of the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN-LNS). The MAGNEX magnetic spectrometer is used to momentum analyse the ejectiles of a large network of nuclear reactions. New preliminary experimental data for the 76Se(18O,18F)76As and 76Ge(20Ne,20F)76As single charge exchange (SCE) and for the 76Se(18O,18Ne)76Ge and 76Ge(20Ne,20O)76Se DCE nuclear reactions were also investigated.

The NUMEN project: probing nuclear response to weak interaction by nuclear reactions

Different reactions channels induced by the 18O + 40Ca collisions at 275 MeV incident energy are simultaneously measured and analysed consistently within the same reaction and structure frameworks within the NUMEN project. The project aims to provide data-driven information for the determination of the nuclear matrix elements involved in the neutrinoless double beta decay. In particular, the elastic and inelastic scattering, one- and two-proton transfer, one-neutron transfer, and single charge exchange reactions are explored. The full quantum-mechanical calculations, performed by including microscopic nuclear structure inputs, describe well all the experimental data, giving support to a multi-channel strategy for the analysis of heavy-ion induced direct reactions.

Two-dimensional vortex dipole solitons in nonlocal nonlinearity with PT-symmetric Scarff-II potential.

We investigate the dynamics and stability of two-dimensional (2D) vortex dipole solitons in nonlocal nonlinearity with PT-symmetric Scarff-II potential. We analyze the solitons with single charge and higher-order charge using analytical and numerical methods. By the variational approach, we can obtain analytical solutions for the model. It is found that the nonlocality degree affects the evolution of the beams. We discover that the vortex dipole solitons will undergo stable deformation rather than maintaining their basic profile when the nonlocality is strong. Moreover, the stability of the vortex dipole solitons depends on the potential depth and there exists a threshold, below which the beams can keep their shapes and propagate stably whether the nonlocality is weak, intermediate, or strong. Numerical simulations are consistent with the analytical results.

Degradation Behavior of Layered Structure Cathode in Sulfide Based All-Solid-State Batteries

With declaration of carbon zero in response to climate change, the importance is also being bandied about developing large-scale energy storage system, especially for electric vehicle (EV). Commercialized EV with a highest development lithium-ion batteries (LIB) could operate over 300 miles per single charging, but liquid electrolyte-based LIB gives rise to a huge risk concerning about ignition and explosion. All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) is considered to alternative next-generation battery that have high safety advantageous with removal the risk of ignition by applying non-combustible inorganic solid-electrolytes (SEs). In case of sulfide-based ASSBs, there were progressed in performance itself at cell capacity increase and cycling characteristic due to advance in cell configuration, composite cathode, and cell fabrication technique compared to early works. Nevertheless, it is still demanded improvement related to the cathode-electrolyte interface stability, and its dominant causes are electrochemical- and chemo-mechanical problems. Therefore, most of researchers have tried to figure out the behavior of all-solid-state batteries by providing external pressure, and then resolve degradation issues including contact loss and resistive layer formation. However, in practical and commercialization aspects, the external pressured cell can be a stumbling block to scale-up from lab to large-scale ASSBs stage.In this study, we evaluated electrochemical performance using by general coin cell to investigate behavior of ASSBs, which is consisted with LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/Li6PS5Cl/VGCF|Li6PS5Cl|In-Li. The ASSB coin cell showed a significant capacity degradation having 59 % of capacity retention in 50th cycles, as expected. Herein, the main cause of the rapid capacity decrease is likely to be due to the accelerated physical contact loss. In addition to this, we have expanded the scope of analysis to investigate if there are other causes entire range including cell- and material level. The degradation in cell level is the inhomogeneous electrochemical reaction, that is within composite cathode, resulting from analysis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This induces more severe degradation on close to SE separator, resulting in intensification of SE deterioration accompanied by damage implying a phase transformation of the active material. Furthermore, even though the contact loss problem has improved through re-pressing, the capacity was not recovered, which is because the material itself has deteriorated.Moving on to the material level, many cracks are observed inside of the active material, and sulfur infused into grain-boundary of active materials that confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In addition, through analyzing transmission electron microscopy, the phase transformation both mixed and rock-salt phase was confirmed the cathode surface of not only secondary particle but also primary particle of interior cathode. For more specifically affirmed this, various analysis including Raman spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy were conducted, and we confirmed that the major cause is due to depletion of the Li source. Therefore, the loss of active Li by infused sulfur caused acceleration of deterioration cathode making poor capacity retention. This study is meaningful in providing another guideline that should be regarded for practical all-solid-state batteries through a new consideration in cathode degradation.

Application of Law Based on the Principle of Lex Spesialis Derogat Legi Lex Generalis in the Crime of Online Gambling (Decision Number 232/PID.B/2022/PN.CBD)

Background. The existence of internet technology can make it easier for people to get information and facilitate communication, but the internet can also have a negative impact on society, one of which is a medium for finding information or sites that contain gambling. This can change the pattern of ordinary or conventional gambling to gambling with internet media or what is commonly called online gambling, so that it can be accessed anytime and by anyone. Purpose. Gambling is a prohibited act as stipulated in Article 303 of the Criminal Code, 303 bis of the Criminal Code, and Article 27 paragraph (2) of the Law on information and electronic transactions. In verdict number 233/Pid.B/2022/Pn.Cbd the author found a discrepancy in the application of the article, so the problem in this study is "How is the application of the law of online gambling in verdict number 232/Pid.B/2022/Pn.Cbd?". Method. This research uses normative juridical types contained in laws and court decisions, as well as legal norms that exist in society. Results. The results in this study are that the public prosecutor's indictment has used a single charge by applying article 303 paragraph (1) 2 of the Criminal Code and the judge has decided in accordance with the public prosecutor's indictment. Conclusion. This can make law enforcers override the principle of lex spesialis derogate legi lex generalis, because they do not apply article 27 paragraph (2) of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law.

Exploring the phase diagram of 3D artificial spin-ice

Artificial spin-ices consist of lithographic arrays of single-domain magnetic nanowires organised into frustrated lattices. These geometries are usually two-dimensional, allowing a direct exploration of physics associated with frustration, topology and emergence. Recently, three-dimensional geometries have been realised, in which transport of emergent monopoles can be directly visualised upon the surface. Here we carry out an exploration of the three-dimensional artificial spin-ice phase diagram, whereby dipoles are placed within a diamond-bond lattice geometry. We find a rich phase diagram, consisting of a double-charged monopole crystal, a single-charged monopole crystal and conventional spin-ice with pinch points associated with a Coulomb phase. In experimental demagnetised systems, broken symmetry forces formation of ferromagnetic stripes upon the surface, forbidding the lower energy double-charged monopole crystal. Instead, we observe crystallites of single magnetic charge, superimposed upon an ice background. The crystallites are found to form due to the distribution of magnetic charge around the 3D vertex, which locally favours monopole formation.

Performance analysis of liquid cooling battery thermal management system in different cooling cases

An efficient battery thermal management system can control the temperature of the battery module to improve overall performance. In this paper, different kinds of liquid cooling thermal management systems were designed for a battery module consisting of 12 prismatic LiFePO4 batteries. This paper used the computational fluid dynamics simulation as the main research tool and proposed a parameter to evaluate the performance of the cold plate in terms of both heat transfer and flow resistance, then the effect of cooling surface, number of inlets, and direction of coolant flow on the cooling effect were studied. It was found that the maximum temperature of the battery module could be controlled at 303.6 K and the maximum temperature difference between the batteries at 2.3 K when the cooling surface was Face A which was between the batteries, the number of coolant inlets was 3, and the coolant flow direction was arranged alternately. Finally, the study was conducted for different mass flow rates of a single inlet and different charging rates. It was found that the overall performance is optimal when the mass flow rate of a single inlet is 1.2 g/s and the designed thermal management system can meet the temperature requirement (the maximum temperature of the battery module is 313 K and the maximum temperature difference between the batteries is 5 K) of the battery module with charging rate below 3C.

Contacting individual graphene nanoribbons using carbon nanotube electrodes.

Graphene nanoribbons synthesized using bottom-up approaches can be structured with atomic precision, allowing their physical properties to be precisely controlled. For applications in quantum technology, the manipulation of single charges, spins or photons is required. However, achieving this at the level of single graphene nanoribbons is experimentally challenging due to the difficulty of contacting individual nanoribbons, particularly on-surface synthesized ones. Here we report the contacting and electrical characterization of on-surface synthesized graphene nanoribbons in a multigate device architecture using single-walled carbon nanotubes as the electrodes. The approach relies on the self-aligned nature of both nanotubes, which have diameters as small as 1 nm, and the nanoribbon growth on their respective growth substrates. The resulting nanoribbon-nanotube devices exhibit quantum transport phenomena-including Coulomb blockade, excited states of vibrational origin and Franck-Condon blockade-that indicate the contacting of individual graphene nanoribbons.

How to Choose the Refueling of New Energy Vehicles under Swapping vs. Charging Mode: From the Consumers’ Perspective

Battery charging mode (CM) is a prevalent method of trans-shipping power to new energy vehicles (NEVs). Unfortunately, due to the limited capacity of batteries, typical NEVs can only travel for approximately 350 miles on a single charge and require hours to be recharged. Battery swapping mode (SM), as a novel alternative, can offer an ideal solution by exchanging depleted batteries for recharged ones at swapping stations in the middle of long trips, inevitably influencing potential consumers’ purchase behaviors. To examine the impact of SM and CM on consumers’ purchase intention, this paper examines a duopolistic market consisting of two new energy vehicle manufacturers (i.e., a NEV-SM manufacturer and a NEV-CM manufacturer), who adopt SM and CM to service consumers, respectively. Considering SM is characterized by low initial investment and ease of use for consumers, NEV-CM manufacturers capitalize on extended battery warranty services in response to rivals’ utilization of SM. Thereby, non-cooperative game models are formulated, in which government subsidies are taken into account. The optimal production decision for both the NEV-SM manufacturer and the NEV-CM manufacturer are analyzed under three scenarios: without extended warranty service, with extended warranty service, and with extended warranty service and subsidy. The results show that the two manufacturers’ market dominance relies on the ratio of the swapping station’s convenience to the extended warranty service and the valuation incremental rate. Additionally, we also find that the government subsidy can dramatically improve the NEV-SM manufacturer’s performance at the initial stage, but if the subsidy is insufficient in size at the subsequent stage, this will lead to policy failure and inefficiency in propelling the diffusion of swapping mode.

Blasting damage of double cylindrical charges based on fractal theory

This study investigates the superposition law of blasting damage between double cylindrical charges in PMMA through laboratory experiments and numerical simulation. The results showed that the evolution of blasting damage is consistent with fractal law. For a single cylindrical charge, the crushing area is distributed throughout the charge section, whereas the stemming section consists primarily of sparse cracks and contains no crushing area. The blasting damage peak between double cylindrical charges is concentrated between 5 and 12.5 times the borehole’s diameter from the initiation point. The distance between the boreholes does not affect the damage pattern between double cylindrical charges.

Combining the Real-Time Vial Sharing Strategy with Daily-Rate Charge Mode for Antimicrobial Drugs of Inpatients: An Economical and Practical Method for Patients and Hospitals.

Antimicrobial agents' wastage is a huge problem, especially for pediatric patients, resulting in excessive drug expenditure and increasing the economic burden on patients' families. Moreover, the cost of disposing of antimicrobial agents' waste and the risk of environmental and occupational exposure also increased. This study aimed to explore the cost-effectiveness of the vial-sharing strategy combined with the daily-rate charge mode for pediatric inpatients to provide a strategy for reducing patients' expenditures, saving medical costs, and reducing drug proportion. This retrospective study was conducted at Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service (PIVAS), Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Guangdong Province, China, in 2022. Data on prescription drugs were collected from the PIVAS system. Ten antimicrobial drugs with a frequency of prescriptions no less than twice once daily were selected, and the drug costs, drug weight, and drug saved were further analyzed according to the combination of real-time vial sharing strategy and daily-rate charge mode. Traditional single vial charge mode without vial sharing was set as a control strategy. The actual expenditure of the hospital was also calculated and analyzed. During 2022, ¥ 4,122,099 (34.4%) was saved for inpatients by applying a vial-sharing strategy on ten antibacterial agents, and more than 46,343,750 mg (24.6%) of drugs were totally saved. The top 5 drugs saved by the real-time vial-sharing strategy were cefoperazone-sulbactam, vancomycin, amoxicillin-sulbactam, ceftazidime, and meropenem. Taken the price into consideration, the top five payment-saved drugs were vancomycin (¥ 1,522,385), meropenem (¥ 1,311,475), cefoperazone-sulbactam (¥ 736,697), imipenem-cilastatin (¥ 406,092), and amoxicillin-sulbactam (¥ 51,394). Moreover, the account balance of the hospital was up to ¥ 426,499. The real-time vial sharing strategy combined with the daily-rate charge mode greatly reduces drug wastage and patients' payments. It may be useful for hospitals with PIVAS to achieve vial-sharing while protecting the best interest of inpatients.

Electric Vehicle Charging Load Prediction Model Considering Traffic Conditions and Temperature

The paper presents a novel charging load prediction model for electric vehicles that takes into account traffic conditions and ambient temperature, which are often overlooked in conventional EV load prediction models. Additionally, the paper investigates the impact of disordered charging on distribution networks. Firstly, the paper creates a traffic road network topology and speed-flow model to accurately simulate the driving status of EVs on real road networks. Next, we calculate the electric vehicle power consumption per unit kilometer by considering the effects of temperature and vehicle speed on electricity consumption. Then, we combine the vehicle’s main parameters to create a single electric vehicle charging model, use the Monte Carlo method to simulate electric vehicle travel behavior and charging, and obtain the spatial and temporal distribution of total charging load. Finally, the actual traffic road network and typical distribution network in northern China are used to analyze charging load forecast estimates for each typical functional area under real vehicle–road circumstances. The results show that the charging load demand in different areas has obvious spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and differences, and traffic conditions and temperature factors have a significant impact on electric vehicle charging load.

Coherent control of a high-orbital hole in a semiconductor quantum dot.

Coherently driven semiconductor quantum dots are one of the most promising platforms for non-classical light sources and quantum logic gates which form the foundation of photonic quantum technologies. However, to date, coherent manipulation of single charge carriers in quantum dots is limited mainly to their lowest orbital states. Ultrafast coherent control of high-orbital states is obstructed by the demand for tunable terahertz pulses. To break this constraint, we demonstrate an all-optical method to control high-orbital states of a hole via a stimulated Auger process. The coherent nature of the Auger process is proved by Rabi oscillation and Ramsey interference. Harnessing this coherence further enables the investigation of the single-hole relaxation mechanism. A hole relaxation time of 161 ps is observed and attributed to the phonon bottleneck effect. Our work opens new possibilities for understanding the fundamental properties of high-orbital states in quantum emitters and for developing new types of orbital-based quantum photonic devices.

Digital Quadrupole Isolation and Electron Capture Dissociation on an Extended Mass Range Q-TOF Provides Sequence and Structure Information on Proteins and Protein Complexes.

Electron capture dissociation (ECD) is now a well-established method for sequencing peptides and performing top-down analysis on proteins of less than 30 kDa, and there is growing interest in using this approach for studies of larger proteins and protein complexes. Although much progress on ECD has been made over the past few decades, establishing methods for obtaining informative spectra still poses a significant challenge. Here we describe how digital quadrupole (DigiQ) ion isolation can be used for the mass selection of single charge states of proteins and protein complexes prior to undergoing ECD and/or charge reduction. First, we demonstrate that the DigiQ can isolate single charge states of monomeric proteins such as ubiquitin (8.6 kDa) and charge states of large protein complexes such as pyruvate kinase (234 kDa) using a hybrid quadrupole-TOF-MS (Agilent extended m/z range 6545XT). Next, we demonstrate that fragment ions resulting from ECD can be utilized to provide information about the sequence and structure of the cytochrome c/heme complex and the ubiquitin monomer. Lastly, an especially interesting result for DigiQ isolation and electron capture (EC) was noted; namely, the 16+ charge state of the streptavidin/biotin complex reveals different electron capture patterns for the biotinylated proteoforms of streptavidin. This result is consistent with previous reports that apo streptavidin exists in multiple conformations and that biotin binding shifts the conformational dynamics of the complex (Quintyn, R. Chem. Biol. 2015, 22 (55), 583-592).

Identification of a Salt Bridge That Is Functionally Important for Chemokine Receptor CXCR1 but not CXCR2.

CXC chemokine receptors 1 (CXCR1) and 2 (CXCR2) have high sequence similarity and overlapping chemokine ligand profiles. Residue positions 3.32 and 7.39 are critical for signal transduction in the related CXCR4, and in these positions CXCR1 and CXCR2 contain oppositely charged residues (Lys3.32 and Glu7.39). Experimental and computed receptor structures reveal the possible formation of a salt bridge between transmembrane (TM) helices 3 and 7 via these two residues. To investigate the functional importance of Lys1173.32 and Glu2917.39 in CXCR1, along with the flanking Glu1183.33, we performed a signaling study on 16 CXCR1 mutants using two different CXCL8 isoforms. While single Ala-mutation (K1173.32A, E2917.39A) and charge reversal (K1173.32E, E2917.39K) resulted in nonfunctional receptors, double (K1173.32E-E2917.39K) and triple (K1173.32E-E1183.33A-E2917.39K) mutants rescued CXCR1 function. In contrast, the corresponding mutations did not affect the CXCR2 function to the same extent. Our findings show that the Lys3.32-Glu7.39 salt bridge between TM3 and -7 is functionally important for CXCR1 but not for CXCR2, meaning that signal transduction for these highly homologous receptors is not conserved.

Synthesis of approaches aimed at extension of the electric vehicle cruising range on a single charge. Russian Federation experience

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption related thereto (energy efficiency) for vehicles is a part of the global problem of reduction of human impact on climate change and saving natural resources. As a member of the global community, the Russian Federation takes part in relevant international agreements and treaties. This scientific paper offers a detailed analysis and expert opinion regarding the main existing approaches aimed at electric vehicle (EV) cruising range extension, also taking into account the experience accumulated in the Russian Federation.The purpose of the study is to analyze international and domestic experience in design and development of EVs having an extended range per charge.Methodology and research methods. The methods used are based on the fundamental principles of the theory of vehicles, vehicle automated systems, as well as fundamental principles of electronics and electrical engineering, research test methods.Scientific novelty and results. The analysis of electric vehicles (EVs) development through synthesis of approaches to extend the cruising range on a single charge was carried out. The analytical and expert assessment of the approaches to extend the EV cruising range on a single charge is proposed.The practical significance consists in the results of scientifically based synthesis of approaches to extend the EV cruising range on a single charge. The obtained results and recommendations are aimed at improving energy efficiency of vehicles as well as promoting EVs in the Russian Federation.

Daytime and Overnight Joint Charging Scheduling for Battery Electric Buses Considering Time-Varying Charging Power

This work investigates the joint daytime and overnight charging scheduling problem associated with battery electric buses (BEBs) at a single charging station. The objective is to minimize the total charging costs of all BEBs. Two important factors, i.e., peak–valley price and time-varying charging power, are considered to depict real-world charging situations. We establish a mixed-integer programming model for the considered problem, and then conduct a case study together with sensitivity analysis. Numerical results show that compared with the existing first come, first serve rule-based charging solution, the charging schedule obtained by solving the established model via the CPLEX solver can save 7–8% of BEB charging costs. Hence, our model could be applied to improve the BEB charging schedule in practice.