Single Authority Research Articles

Legislation as a Cause of Corruption in the Administrative Bodies of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The most important goal of this paper is to promote and emphasize the importance of detecting corruption risks in the legislative legislation, as a basis from which various forms of corruption can develop. Also, it is important in the theoretical analysis of the concept of corruption, as well as corruption risks and analysis of the assessment of susceptibility to corruption of draft laws and bylaws. In addition, the aim is to investigate the extent to which the assessment of susceptibility to corruption of laws and bylaws can prevent corruption, especially if we take into account that “ambiguity” in laws and bylaws, and the lack of “control mechanism” in them, the basis that leaves room corruption, ie key corruption risk. A quantitative approach to research was used in the paper. The survey was conducted at the local, cantonal, entity, and state levels on a representative and stratified sample. The research included managers in administrative bodies, professional associates and expert advisors in administrative bodies, as well as lawyers and lawyers employed in public institutions. The contribution also refers to a better understanding of the mechanisms for preventing corruption in administrative bodies through the establishment of a single authority and mechanisms for assessing the susceptibility of corruption to laws and bylaws, and mechanisms for monitoring the implementation of adopted laws and bylaws.

Efficient and Privacy-Preserving Infection Control System for Covid-19-Like Pandemics Using Blockchain

Contact tracing is a very effective way to control the COVID-19-like pandemics. It aims to identify individuals who closely contacted an infected person during the incubation period of the virus and notify them to quarantine. However, the existing systems suffer from privacy, security, and efficiency issues. To address these limitations, in this article, we propose an efficient and privacy-preserving Blockchain-based infection control system. Instead of depending on a single authority to run the system, a group of health authorities, that form a consortium Blockchain, run our system. Using Blockchain technology not only secures our system against single point of failure and denial of service attacks, but also brings transparency because all transactions can be validated by different parties. Although contact tracing is important, it is not enough to effectively control an infection. Thus, unlike most of the existing systems that focus only on contact tracing, our system consists of three integrated subsystems, including contact tracing, public places access control, and safe-places recommendation. The access control subsystem prevents infected people from visiting public places to prevent spreading the virus, and the recommendation subsystem categorizes zones based on the infection level so that people can avoid visiting contaminated zones. Our analysis demonstrates that our system is secure and preserves the privacy of the users against identification, social graph disclosure, and tracking attacks, while thwarting false reporting (or panic) attacks. Moreover, our extensive performance evaluations demonstrate the scalability of our system (which is desirable in pandemics) due to its low communication, computation, and storage overheads.

Former SSA on MAT, communication and provider collaboration

Mark Stringer, former single state authority of Missouri and former president of the National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors (NASADAD), has some key advice for public officials involved in the substance use disorder (SUD) arena: Be better at explaining what addiction is.

Multiauthority Attribute-Based Encryption With Dynamic Membership From Lattices

Attribute-based encryption is useful for one-to-many encrypted message sending. However, most attribute-based encryption schemes authorize and issue attributes to users by a single authority. Such a scenario conflicts with practical requirements and may cause the key-escrow problem. Hence, decentralization of authority is a critical issue in attribute-based encryption. Besides, dynamic membership management is another important issue in attribute-based encryption. With dynamic membership management, a system may update the user’s attributes without affecting other users, making the system more flexible and practical. On the other hand, with the rapid development of quantum computers nowadays, encryption schemes based on traditional mathematical problems are at the risk of quantum attacks. Among the existing quantum-resistant mathematical architectures, lattice-based cryptography is the most widely studied. Thus, we propose a multi-authority attribute-based encryption scheme with dynamic membership from lattices to solve the above problems. Moreover, we also formally prove the security of the proposed scheme under the decisional learning with errors assumption.

Blockchain-Based Event Detection and Trust Verification Using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning

Information sharing is one of the huge topics in social media platform regarding the daily news related to events or disasters happens in nature or its human-made. The automatic urgent need identification and sharing posts and information delivery with a short response are essential tasks in this area. The key goal of this research is developing a solution for management of disasters and emergency response using social media platforms as a core component. This process focuses on text analysis techniques to improve the process of authorities in terms of emergency response and filter the information using the automatically gathered information to support the relief efforts. Specifically, we used state-of-art Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), and Natural Language Processing (NLP) based on supervised and unsupervised learning using social media datasets to extract real-time content related to the emergency events to comfort the fast response in a critical situation. Similarly, the blockchain framework used in this process for trust verification of the detected events and eliminating the single authority on the system. The main reason of using the integrated system is to improve the system security and transparency to avoid sharing the wrong information related to an event in social media.

LEMBAGA TUNGGAL PENGELOLA REGULASI: DASAR PEMIKIRAN DAN TAWARAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DALAM KETATANEGARAN INDONESIA

In this article the author seeks to answer, within the context of the Indonesia state organizational system, why and how Indonesia should establish a single government authority entrusted with supervising the making of ministerial policy regulations or regional government regulations. To that purpose a comparison with other countries is conducted. It is a fact in Indonesia that regulatory powers or function is shared by and among different ministries and by regional governments. The result of which is the problem of sectoral approach and the existence of numerous overlapping and conflicting regulations. To overcome this problem, in consideration of best practices in other countries, the author suggests the establishment of a single government agency entrusted with, inter alia, previewing ministerial or regional government draft regulations.

Problems and Major risks in the Banking Sector of Azerbaijan

Aim. The presented study aims to perform a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of problems and risks in the banking sector of Azerbaijan and to develop recommendations for improving the efficiency and reliability of its functioning in accordance with national interests.Tasks. The author shows the key problems and risks in the country’s banking sector, focusing on dollarization as the main risk; investigates the content and causes of dollarization; examines new trends, particularly the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the banking sector of Azerbaijan.Methods. A systems approach to identifying the major factors affecting the development of the banking sector in Azerbaijan serves as the methodological basis of this study. The author also uses the methods of scientific analysis, such as the statistical method, comparative, fundamental, and functional analysis, and expert assessment. The study reflects the ideas set forth in the scientific works of economists on the problems of the institutional development of the banking system in the country under consideration.Results. According to the results of the study, the patterns and current problems in the development of the banking sector of Azerbaijan after the devaluation of 2015 are identified. Its major risks and current state are analyzed, and the reasons for the dollarization of the economy as the main channel of risk for the banking sector of Azerbaijan are determined. In addition, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on this sector is analyzed.Conclusions. Positive and negative aspects are identified by performing a risk analysis of the banking sector of Azerbaijan. On the positive side, there are large strategic monetary reserves, a relatively low level of public debt, a single authority for regulating and supervising financial markets, basic risk management elements, and full deposit insurance. The vulnerabilities of the banking sector of Azerbaijan include fragile capital positions of the banking system, high credit risks of banks, low capitalization of banks, lack of legal mechanisms for regulating and selling non-performing assets, lack of effective tools for the rehabilitation and restructuring of banks, weak corporate governance in the financial services sector, low financial literacy, increased monetary and credit risks in the banking sector.

The Khon Clan and the Sakyapas

Khon Konchog Gyalpo, the main disciple of Drogmi, founded a monastery at Sakya. It was this monastery that gave its name to the whole monastic order of Drogmi. Konchog was a member of the Khon clan, the family that went on to produce the successive abbots or chief lamas of Sakya who have continued as the heads of this order ever since. The succession of abbots within the family was established on the father-to-son or uncle-to-nephew pattern. In the instance of an abbot remaining celibate, it was his brother or a close relative who continued the family line and oversaw the monastery’s worldly affairs; when the abbot died, he was succeeded by one of his nephews. The Sakyas reached the summit of political power when Sakya Pandita and Phagpa won the confidence and favour of Mongolian khans. The Sakyas were appointed as regents of Tibet, whereby Tibet became subject to a single political authority for the first time after the collapse of the monarchy. The aim of this paper is to show the development of the Khon clan, how a minor aristocratic family was transformed into a significant power in Tibet in both historical and religious aspects, through the efforts of some prominent members of Khon family.

A Novel Secure Blockchain Framework for Accessing Electronic Health Records Using Multiple Certificate Authority

Blockchain is a promising technology in the context of digital healthcare systems, but there are issues related to the control of accessing the electronic health records. In this paper, we propose a novel framework based on blockchain and multiple certificate authority that implement smart contracts and access health records securely. Our proposed solution provides the facilities of flexible policies to update a record or invoke the policy such that a patient has complete authority. A novel approach towards multiple certificate’s authority (CA) is introduced in the design through our proposed framework. Our proposed policies and methods overcome the shortcoming and security breaches faced by single certificate authority. Our proposed scheme provides a flexible access control mechanism for securing electronic health records as compared to the existing benchmark models. Moreover, our proposed method provides a re-enrolment facility in the case of a user lost enrolment.

NON-MATERIAL FORMS OF MOTIVATION AS SIGNIFICANT HRM TOOL USED IN LOCAL PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AUTHORITIES

The purpose of this paper is to present non-material forms of motivation used on the staff of local public administration authority and their impact on satisfaction and success of the employees being the main foundation of final aim realization in each public administration – satisfied customer as a precondition for investments, profit and economic development being the main goals for every single local public authority.

How to Realize the Benefits of Point-of-Care Testing at the General Practice: A Comparison of Four High-Income Countries.

In some countries, such as the Netherlands and Norway, point-of-care testing (POCT) is more widely implemented in general practice compared to countries such as England and Australia. To comprehend what is necessary to realize the benefits of POCT, regarding its integration in primary care, it would be beneficial to have an overview of the structure of healthcare operations and the transactions between stakeholders (also referred to as value networks). The aim of this paper is to identify the current value networks in place applying to POCT implementation at general practices in England, Australia, Norway and the Netherlands and to compare these networks in terms of seven previously published factors that support the successful implementation, sustainability and scale-up of innovations. The value networks were described based on formal guidelines and standards published by the respective governments, organizational bodies and affiliates. The value network of each country was validated by at least two relevant stakeholders from the respective country. The analysis revealed that the biggest challenge for countries with low POCT uptake was the lack of effective communication between the several organizations involved with POCT as well as the high workload for general practitioners (GPs) aiming to implement POCT. It is observed that countries with a single national authority responsible for POCT have a better uptake as they can govern the task of POCT roll-out and management and reduce the workload for GPs by assisting with set-up, quality control, training and support. Setting up a single national authority may be an effective step towards realizing the full benefits of POCT. Although it is possible for day-to-day operations to fall under the responsibility of the GP, this is only feasible if support and guidance are readily available to ensure that the workload associated with POCT is limited and as low as possible.

Blockchain Based Intelligent Transport System

Blockchain technology is widely studied in these days and has vital role in the ITS and Vehicular network. Intelligent Transport System (ITS) have resolved several issues of transportation like congestion, electronic toll collection, traffic light cameras, traffic updates, and environment forecasting. The vehicular network is the ever-increasing network it is not only facilitates us but also brings new challenges with it. The mobile nature of vehicular networks it is very important to collect and broadcast information of traffic events in real-time. A little delay to broadcast important information or deciding on this information can cause a serious situation in the mobile vehicular network. Moreover, malicious vehicles in the network broadcasting false information about these traffic events cause a disturbance in the network. In large-scale scenarios, the transmission of malicious messages offers a lot of danger to the system. They can wrongly claim the roads and provide false information about the incident. These traffic events can be life-threatening and cause unwanted situations like accidents, wastage of time and other resources. Therefore, it is very much important to provide real-time information on recent traffic events and real-time authentication of vehicles that broadcast information in the network. Traditional studies are unable to solve these security issues and contain a single point of failure issue. These studies are centralized and dependent on a single higher authority. Moreover, they have serious security concerns that are harmful for vehicular network. Moreover, any vehicles are unwilling to share their private information while broadcasting information about traffic events because they are strangers to each other. And if a vehicle does not want to share its private information like name, id, etc. It is not possible to authenticate this vehicle and manage trust in the network. It means that it is very crucial to prevent vehicles to broadcast wrong information in the network while preserving their privacy at the same time. Therefore, there is a need to authenticate vehicles and manage trust in the network while preserving their privacy simultaneously. Blockchain can offer better solution to solve these issues due to its secure distributed environment and features that ensure immutability about actions. The purpose of this report is to provide real-time security and privacy in the network. It is also ensured that vehicles get real-time authenticated information about traffic incidents from legitimate vehicles while simultaneously preserving their privacy. It means that only authenticated and legitimate entities (vehicles) can participate in vehicular network and privacy of both sender and receiver is secured in the network. Details of conducted experiments are given, and shreds of evidence are provided to evaluate the performance of architectures for authentication and trust management. The shreds of evidence show that these blockchain-based systems can solve security and trust issues more effectively.

Moral distress experienced by community service providers of home health and social care in Ontario, Canada.

Moral distress occurs when one knows a morally correct action to take but feels powerless to act the way one believes is right. Moral distress has been studied in many contexts but there remains a gap in our understanding of the phenomenon as it manifests outside of hospital-based settings. The aim of this study was to explore the nature of the moral distress experience among community-based health and social care professionals working with older adults and their caregivers. Using a qualitative constructionist design, we interviewed 24 participants from a single health authority in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Participants were both urban and rurally based. Data were collected in the winter and summer of 2020 and analysed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis strategy. Three factors: reluctant clients, human resource shortages and system challenges, contributed to the creation of perceived morally precarious care plans, resulting in symptoms of moral distress. Study participants described frustration, guilt, anger, and grief at not being able to act consistently with their core values and provide the amount and/or quality of care their clients and unpaid caregivers deserved. We consider possible reasons for our finding that community service providers did not always respond to the consequences of moral distress symptoms in a manner similar to those in acute care contexts. Our findings suggest that study participants may have been able to cultivate moral resilience in the face of moral distress through the positive reframing of adversity and therefore maintain their overall sense of moral integrity.

Mandatory corporate social responsibility in India: reporting reality, issues and way forward

PurposeSince 2013, the Indian Companies Act Section 135 has mandated corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting by Indian central public sector enterprises (CPSEs). CSR reporting is regulated by multiple Government of India ministerial agencies, each requiring different formats and often different data. This study aims to understand the impact of these multiple regulatory bodies on CSR reporting by Indian CPSEs; evaluate the expectation gap between regulators and the regulated; and investigate the compliance burden on CPSEs.Design/methodology/approachAn interview-based approach was adopted to evaluate the perspectives of both regulators and regulated CPSEs on the impact of the new regulations on CSR reporting quality. The authors use the lens of institutional theory to analyse the findings.FindingsDriven by coercive institutional pressures, CPSEs are overburdened with myriad reporting requirements, which significantly negatively impact CPSEs’ financial and human resources and the quality of CSR activity and reports. It is difficult for CPSEs to assess the actual impact of their CSR activities due to overlapping with activities of the government/other institutions. The perceptions of regulators and the regulated are divergent: the regulators expect CPSEs to select more impactful CSR projects to comply with mandatory reporting requirements.Originality/valueThe findings of this study emphasise the need for meaningful dialogue between regulators and the regulated to reduce the expectation gap and establish a single regulatory authority that will ensure that the letter and spirit of the law are followed in practice and not just according to a tick-box approach.

La memoria e la città. Rigenerare il complesso salesiano a Faenza

The former Salesian Complex in Faenza has been developed since the second half of the nineteenth century, growing up to include a whole urban block next to the southern city walls, which used to be empty in times, serving as a vegetable garden. The area constitutes nowadays probably the largest urban section of the historical centre being managed by a single authority. This place represents a singular resource for the city: for its extension, but especially for its role in promoting youth and citizenship, slightly becoming a veritable lieu de memoire in Faenza contemporary history. As an evidence of that, when the Ispettoria Salesiana decided to close the boarding school and to sell the whole property to private investors, a large part of city stakeholders and common people mobilized, asking the municipality to purchase it and to restore the area. A challenging undertaking, if we consider the recession period, the weakness of public financial resources and a strong need not to give up the unity of the place, as well as its value for urban memory and civic education. The present essay aims to describe the circumstances and the approach that led to the completion of this effort, building on three main principles: the recognition of the potential of places, the development of a wide engaging system, and finally an interpretation of the design process as a global and open strategy.

New SSA for Connecticut: Navarretta

When Miriam Delphin‐Rittmon, M.D., became the new director of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (see “At HHS: SAMHSA changes, and Mark Weber retiring,” ADAW, Aug. 9, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.33159), Connecticut lost its single state authority (SSA); Nancy Navarretta is now the acting commissioner of the Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services (DMHAS), making her the SSA with authority over the Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment block grant. Deputy commissioner of the DMHAS from 2015–2021, Navarretta was responsible for project management and strategic planning, and managing initiatives, including practices supporting the state's opioid response efforts. She was a direct service mental health and addictions provider and administrator prior to joining the DMHAS. She is now a member of the National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors.

Increasing privacy and security by integrating a Blockchain Secure Interface into an IoT Device Security Gateway Architecture

Internet of Things and Blockchain are considered two major technologies. Lower latency and a higher linked system number provide greater flexibility for remote execution of Internet of Things (IoT) applications. It is no secret that IoT devices often have insufficient computing capacity (both in terms of processing power and storage requirements) to support robust protection and encryption algorithms. The Internet of Things is facing many challenges such as poor interoperability, security vulnerabilities, privacy, and lack of industry standards. Cyber-attacks on IoT devices can have an impact on energy trading privacy and security. This paper suggests a method for introducing a basic interface to an IoT device’s security gateway architecture along with Blockchain to provide decentralization and authentication. It adds much-needed anonymity and versatility to IoT infrastructure, which is currently lacking. The solution enhances the reliability of data sent to remote services by applying compatible cryptographic algorithms to it before sending it. The solution’s benefits include compatibility with all IoT products and the ability to run any cryptographic algorithm on data that can be used for microgrid trading and can be initialized and securely transported over 5G or 6G network infrastructures. As a part of this work, a security procedure has been created that supports every cryptographic algorithm for all IoT devices in the network. In addition, the interface is guarded by the Blockchain technology which eliminates single control authority, records historical transactions performed by the IoT devices and provides a trust between devices.

Assessing the Removal of Regional Health Authorities in Ontario

A little more than a decade ago, a series of regional bodies were introduced throughout Ontario to help resolve difficulties with the province’s health care system. The Local Health Integration Networks, the name given to the new health entities, sought to create a connected set of health services and to achieve more effective control and distribution of health care finances. A third intent was to engage the community when setting priorities for health care. Recently, the new government of Ontario replaced the LHINs with a single health authority. It asserted that the single authority was better equipped to handle the many problems that still prevailed. An assessment of this decision offers some grounds for disbanding the LHINs. However, the findings offer stronger support for the alternative of keeping the regional authorities and providing them with greater autonomy.

Co-Creating Safety and Security?: Analyzing the Multifaceted Field of Co-Creation in Finland

Complexity is said to be on the rise in the security environment and co-creation has been proposed as one of the ways to respond to this situation. Through co-creation, complexity is addressed by a plurality of actors and actions, instead of by any single authority or recipe. Such an approach is the main premise of the Finnish Concept for Comprehensive Security. This article seeks to answer the question of how co-creation occurs as part of societal safety and security functions in Finland and what kind of challenges and problems are involved therein. The focus of the article is on the regional and local levels of action and on the public-sector/civil-society interface. The data informing this study are 31 small-group discussions that took place in so-called security cafés. This article uses the modified ladder of safety and security co-creation derived from previous research to provide its analytical framework. The ladder of co-creation proved to be a useful analytical tool to address the phenomenon and to illustrate the multifaceted and context-dependent nature of safety and security co-creation. Results indicate that at present co-creation within the safety and security functions in Finland seems to focus more on action-oriented co-production. Citizens as volunteers participate in the functions of producing safety and security, but talk-centered, planning-oriented co-creation seems to be less common. The data also provide clear indications of the darker sides of co-creation. Co-creation may be symbolic and tokenistic in that it remains at a rhetorical level. The data also offer examples of co-contamination (the lowest level of the ladder of co-creation). These examples were related to the roles of spontaneous volunteers and emergent citizen groups.

An Efficient ECC-Based CP-ABE Scheme for Power IoT

The rapid development of the power Internet of Things (IoT) has greatly enhanced the level of security, quality and efficiency in energy production, energy consumption, and related fields. However, it also puts forward higher requirements for the security and privacy of data. Ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) is considered a suitable method to solve this issue and can implement fine-grained access control. However, its internal bilinear pairing operation is too expensive, which is not suitable for power IoT with limited computing resources. Hence, in this paper, a novel CP-ABE scheme based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is proposed, which replaces the bilinear pairing operation with simple scalar multiplication and outsources most of the decryption work to edge devices. In addition, time and location attributes are combined in the proposed scheme, allowing the data users to access only within the range of time and locations set by the data owners to achieve a more fine-grained access control function. Simultaneously, the scheme uses multiple authorities to manage attributes, thereby solving the performance bottleneck of having a single authority. A performance analysis demonstrates that the proposed scheme is effective and suitable for power IoT.