Simultaneous Movement Research Articles

Grating pitch comparator traceable to the Cr atom transition frequency

Calibration of the grating pitch typically requires metrological instruments or diffraction techniques. The traceability and stability demands for laser wavelength in these techniques present substantial challenges for on-site grating calibration. This paper introduces a novel traceability approach to grating pitch calibration using a grating pitch comparator that utilizes the transition frequency of the chromium. The chromium transition frequency is converted into a chromium grating through atom lithography, establishing a self-traceable length standard dCr = 212.7787 ± 0.0049 nm. Calibration of the test grating’s pitch is achieved by comparing the phase shift caused by the simultaneous movement of the chromium grating and the test grating. By using the dCr, this approach combines the high-accuracy of fundamental physical constants with the environmental stability of grating interferometers, eliminating the need for measuring laser wavelength, air refraction, diffraction angles. It significantly enhances the precision and makes more straightforward and portable, crucial for facilitating traceable on-site grating measurements.

Smartphone automated motor and speech analysis for early detection of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: Validation of TapTalk across 20 different devices.

Smartphones are proving useful in assessing movement and speech function in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions. Valid outcomes across different smartphones are needed before population-level tests are deployed. This study introduces the TapTalk protocol, a novel app designed to capture hand and speech function and validate it in smartphones against gold-standard measures. Twenty different smartphones collected video data from motor tests and audio data from speech tests. Features were extracted using Google Mediapipe (movement) and Python audio analysis packages (speech). Electromagnetic sensors (60Hz) and a microphone acquired simultaneous movement and voice data, respectively. TapTalk video and audio outcomes were comparable to gold-standard data: 90.3% of video, and 98.3% of audio, data recorded tapping/speech frequencies within±1Hz of the gold-standard measures. Validation of TapTalk across a range of devices is an important step in the development of smartphone-based telemedicine and was achieved in this study. TapTalk evaluates hand motor and speechfunctions across a wide range of smartphones.Data showed 90.3% motor and 98.3% speech accuracy within +/-1Hz of gold standards.Validation advances smartphone-based telemedicine for neurodegenerative diseases.

Acousto-dielectric tweezers enable independent manipulation of multiple particles.

Acoustic tweezers have gained substantial interest in biology, engineering, and materials science for their label-free, precise, contactless, and programmable manipulation of small objects. However, acoustic tweezers cannot independently manipulate multiple microparticles simultaneously. This study introduces acousto-dielectric tweezers capable of independently manipulating multiple microparticles and precise control over intercellular distances and cyclical cell pairing and separation for detailed cell-cell interaction analysis. Our acousto-dielectric tweezers leverage the competition between acoustic radiation forces, generated by standing surface acoustic waves (SAWs), and dielectrophoretic (DEP) forces, induced by gradient electric fields. Modulating these fields allows for the precise positioning of individual microparticles at points where acoustic radiation and DEP forces are in equilibrium. This mechanism enables the simultaneous movement of multiple microparticles along specified paths as well as cyclical cell pairing and separation. We anticipate our acousto-dielectric tweezers to have enormous potential in colloidal assembly, cell-cell interaction studies, disease diagnostics, and tissue engineering.

Оценка нагрузок приводов рабочего оборудования карьерного экскаватора (часть 1)

One of the major tasks in carrying out open-pit mining operations is timely and high quality maintenance and repair of mining equipment, in particular, mechanical shovels, which secures a required availability level. The most loaded are the lift and pressure drives of the shovel's working attachments, which significantly increases the risk of failure of their components. An adequate assessment of the loads acting on these drives through analyzing the changes in currents and voltages of their motors makes it possible to adjust the time between maintenance. In the course of the study, the representative points of the following three lumped working processes were obtained within the working cycle of 26.75 s: excavating; platform rotation with simultaneous movement of the shovel from the upper point of the path to the unloading point; reverse movement of the platform rotation mechanism with the returning and its positioning of the working attachment to the initial position. Changes in forces acting on the ropes of the lifting winch of the shovel were determined based on the evaluation of the obtained layout of the working attachment positions for the EKG-18R mechanical shovel and taking into account the driving and motion resistance forces within the working cycle. Analysis of the obtained force values acting on the ropes of the lifting winch at the three linear excavation paths with the inclination angles of 60, 70 and 80° has shown that the lowest forces in the lifting winch rope occur at the closest path with the angle of 60°. The received data will allow not only to select a rational path and the angle of bench mining, but also to adjust the time between maintenance according to the actual operating time of the lifting, pressure and movement drives.

MPI System with Bore Sizes of 75 mm and 100 mm Using Permanent Magnets and FMMD Technique.

We present two magnetic particle imaging (MPI) systems with bore sizes of 75 mm and 100 mm, respectively, using three-dimensionally arranged permanent magnets for excitation and frequency mixing magnetic detection (FMMD) coils for detection. A rotational and a translational stage were combined to move the field free line (FFL) and acquire the MPI signal, thereby enabling simultaneous overall translation and rotational movement. With this concept, the complex coil system used in many MPI systems, with its high energy consumption to generate the drive field, can be replaced. The characteristic signal of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles was generated via movement of the FFL and acquired using the FMMD coil. The positions of the stages and the occurrence of the f1 + 2f2 harmonics were mapped to reconstruct the spatial location of the SPIO. Image reconstruction was performed using Radon and inverse Radon transformations. As a result, the presented method based on mechanical movement of permanent magnets can be used to measure the MPI, even for samples as large as 100 mm. Our research could pave the way for further technological developments to make the equipment human size, which is one of the ultimate goals of MPI.

Angle Trisection with Growth Rate of The Golden Ratio

In this paper, we explore the triangulation of angles using the golden ratio and geometric compass principles. By dividing angles into three equal parts based on the golden ratio, we demonstrate a method for solving this geometric problem. Furthermore, we extend our exploration into the third dimension, where a geometric compass can effectively divide a two-dimensional angle into three equal parts. Additionally, our investigation delves into the realm of six-dimensional space-time, where we observe the simultaneous movement of two arms of the compasses based on the golden ratio to achieve the division of every angle into three equal parts. We emphasize the significance of the growth rate associated with the golden ratio in resolving complex mathematical and physical problems. This study provides valuable insights into the application of geometric principles and the golden ratio in solving challenging problems within mathematics and physics.

Angle Trisection with Growth Rate of The Golden Ratio

In this paper, we explore the triangulation of angles using the golden ratio and geometric compass principles. By dividing angles into three equal parts based on the golden ratio, we demonstrate a method for solving this geometric problem. Furthermore, we extend our exploration into the third dimension, where a geometric compass can effectively divide a two-dimensional angle into three equal parts. Additionally, our investigation delves into the realm of six-dimensional space-time, where we observe the simultaneous movement of two arms of the compasses based on the golden ratio to achieve the division of every angle into three equal parts. We emphasize the significance of the growth rate associated with the golden ratio in resolving complex mathematical and physical problems. This study provides valuable insights into the application of geometric principles and the golden ratio in solving challenging problems within mathematics and physics.

Angle Trisection with Growth Rate of The Golden Ratio

In this paper, we explore the triangulation of angles using the golden ratio and geometric compass principles. By dividing angles into three equal parts based on the golden ratio, we demonstrate a method for solving this geometric problem. Furthermore, we extend our exploration into the third dimension, where a geometric compass can effectively divide a two-dimensional angle into three equal parts. Additionally, our investigation delves into the realm of six-dimensional space-time, where we observe the simultaneous movement of two arms of the compasses based on the golden ratio to achieve the division of every angle into three equal parts. We emphasize the significance of the growth rate associated with the golden ratio in resolving complex mathematical and physical problems. This study provides valuable insights into the application of geometric principles and the golden ratio in solving challenging problems within mathematics and physics.

Dylematy interpretacyjne stosowania sygnałów drogowych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sygnalizatora S-2 w „bezpiecznym” zarządzaniu ruchem drogowym. Część II/III

Interpretative dilemmas of the use of road signals with particular emphasis on the S-2 signal in “safe” traffic management. Part II/III In this part of the article, the authors focus their attention on the formal and legal issues related to the design of traffic signals on roads and intersections in Poland. A synthesis of the characteristics of the necessary content of the design of traffic organization with traffic lights, approved by the competent authority managing traffic on the road is given. A historical outline of the guidelines for the implementation of the signal allowing turning in the direction indicated by the green arrow is provided. The most important aspect of this part of the article is a commentary on the current legal provisions regarding the permissibility and inadmissibility of allowing simultaneous movement of individual collision streams – with particular emphasis on vehicle streams controlled by the S-2 traffic signal. The commentary includes separate references to the legal status from the original version of the requirements made in 2004 and from the 2008 and 2015 amendments to the regulations. In the authors’ opinion, these descriptions provide key points explaining the complexity of the problem for designers, reviewers, and approvers of signals controlled traffic organization. An effort has been made to explain comprehensively all possible situations since there is currently a non-uniform application of signal phases at intersections and different opinions on the questions of interpreting the correct application of the "green arrow" signal. The results of the study in this regard are included in part III of the article.

Validating hidden Markov models for seabird behavioural inference.

Understanding animal movement and behaviour can aid spatial planning and inform conservation management. However, it is difficult to directly observe behaviours in remote and hostile terrain such as the marine environment. Different underlying states can be identified from telemetry data using hidden Markov models (HMMs). The inferred states are subsequently associated with different behaviours, using ecological knowledge of the species. However, the inferred behaviours are not typically validated due to difficulty obtaining 'ground truth' behavioural information. We investigate the accuracy of inferred behaviours by considering a unique data set provided by Joint Nature Conservation Committee. The data consist of simultaneous proxy movement tracks of the boat (defined as visual tracks as birds are followed by eye) and seabird behaviour obtained by observers on the boat. We demonstrate that visual tracking data is suitable for our study. Accuracy of HMMs ranging from 71% to 87% during chick-rearing and 54% to 70% during incubation was generally insensitive to model choice, even when AIC values varied substantially across different models. Finally, we show that for foraging, a state of primary interest for conservation purposes, identified missed foraging bouts lasted for only a few seconds. We conclude that HMMs fitted to tracking data have the potential to accurately identify important conservation-relevant behaviours, demonstrated by a comparison in which visual tracking data provide a 'gold standard' of manually classified behaviours to validate against. Confidence in using HMMs for behavioural inference should increase as a result of these findings, but future work is needed to assess the generalisability of the results, and we recommend that, wherever feasible, validation data be collected alongside GPS tracking data to validate model performance. This work has important implications for animal conservation, where the size and location of protected areas are often informed by behaviours identified using HMMs fitted to movement data.

Prosthetic Fitting Concepts after Major Amputation in the Upper Limb - an Overview of Current Possibilities

The upper extremity and particularly the hands are crucial for patients in interacting with their environment, therefore amputations or severe damage with loss of hand function significantly impact their quality of life. In cases where biological reconstruction is not feasible or does not lead to sufficient success, bionic reconstruction plays a key role in patient care. Classical myoelectric prostheses are controlled using two signals derived from surface electrodes in the area of the stump muscles. Prosthesis control, especially in high amputations, is then limited and cumbersome. The surgical technique of Targeted Muscle Reinnervation (TMR) offers an innovative solution: The major arm nerves that have lost their target organs due to amputation are rerouted to muscles in the stump area. This enables the establishment of cognitive control signals that allow significantly improved prosthesis control. A selective literature review on TMR and bionic reconstruction was conducted, incorporating relevant articles and discussing them considering the clinical experience of our research group. Additionally, a clinical case is presented. Bionic reconstruction combined with Targeted Muscle Reinnervation enables intuitive prosthetic control with simultaneous movement of various prosthetic degrees of freedom and the treatment of neuroma and phantom limb pain. Long-term success requires a high level of patient compliance and intensive signal training during the prosthetic rehabilitation phase. Despite technological advances, challenges persist, especially in enhancing signal transmission and integrating natural sensory feedback into bionic prostheses. TMR surgery represents a significant advancement in the bionic care of amputees. Employing selective nerve transfers for signal multiplication and amplification, opens up possibilities for improving myoelectric prosthesis function and thus enhancing patient care. Advances in the area of external prosthetic components, improvements in the skeletal connection due to osseointegration and more fluid signal transmission using wireless, fully implanted electrode systems will lead to significant progress in bionic reconstruction, both in terms of precision of movement and embodiment.

The detection of alcohol intoxication using electrooculography signals from smart glasses and machine learning techniques

The operation of a motor vehicle under the influence of alcohol poses a significant risk to the safety of the driver, passengers, and other road users. Electrooculographic (EOG) signal analysis can be used to understand the movements and behavior of the eyes while driving. In our study, we used smart glasses to collect EOG data from nine participants who used a driving simulator. Their level of alcoholic intoxication was simulated by drunk vision goggles at three different levels of inebriation (0, 1, 2, and 3‰ blood alcohol content). We used machine learning algorithms (decision trees, support vector machines, nearest-neighbor classifiers, boosted trees, bagged trees, subspace discriminant classifier, subspace k nearest-neighbor classifier, and RUSBoosted Trees) to analyze the data. The Bagged Trees achieved the highest accuracy of 79%. The most important features to detect simulated alcohol intoxication were the blink rate and the velocity of the saccade, a rapid simultaneous movement of both eyes in the same direction. Our study shows the potential of using smart glasses and machine learning for the automated detection of alcohol intoxication, even when alcohol consumption is simulated.

Development of a master–slave 3D printed robotic surgical finger with haptic feedback

Robotic surgery started nearly 30 years ago. It has achieved telepresence and the performance of repetitive, precise, and accurate tasks. The “master–slave” robotic system allows control of manipulators by surgeon at distant site. Robotic surgical fingers were developed to allow surgeons to move them with accuracy through sensors fixed on surgeon’s hand. Also, haptic sensors were developed to allow transmission of sensation from robotic finger to surgeon’s finger. A complete system of a, 3D printed by a stereolithography (SLA) 3D printer, robotic surgical finger with haptic feedback system is proposed. The developed system includes a master glove that controls the motion of a 3DOF robotic slave finger while getting haptic feedback of force/pressure exerted on it. The precise control of the slave robotic finger was achieved by applying a Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID), fast and robust, control algorithm using an Arduino based hardware and software module. The individual joint angles, metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP) and proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP), and wrist were measured using rotatory and inertial sensors respectively. The degree of movement for MCP, PIP, and Wrist joints were measured to be 0–86°, 0–71°, and 0–89° respectively. Motion to the robotic finger is mimicked by a glove motion requiring minimal learning curve for the device. The collected data for the slave motion is in good agreement with the master-glove motion data. The vibro-tactile haptic feedback system was developed to distinguish between three different materials to mimic human flesh, tumor, and bone. The master–slave system using robotic surgical finger with good simultaneous movement to surgeon’s finger and good haptic sensation will provide the surgeon with the opportunity to perform finger dissection in laparoscopic and robotic surgery, as it used to be in open surgery. 3D bio printing will make this process even cheaper with the added advantage of making surgical tools locally according to the need of the surgery. An ongoing work is to develop silicone based 8 mm robotic surgical finger with multiple type haptic feedback.

SPECIFICS OF THE COMBINED ELECTROMAGNETIC AND THERMAL PRE-TREATMENT OF THE COAL-WATER FUEL

An increase in fuel usage efficiency is the path to eliminate environmental impact, decrease greenhouse gas emissions, and prevent climate warming. Coal-water fuel (CWF) is seen as a replacement for coal and heavy oil in some applications but it has a number of disadvantages that must be addressed before it can be gasified or burned. Pretreatment (or activation) is one of the methods for improving the fuels. Since CWF is an electrically conductive substance, the electromagnetic field can be used for various types of influences: heating, stirring by rotation, etc. Numerical research was carried out to study the possibility of simultaneous heating and movement of CWF by a rotating electromagnetic field created in the stator of an asynchronous electric motor. The correlations between the required electromagnetic field parameters and tangential velocity profile were investigated. It was found that a change in the position of the maximum tangential velocity with increasing rotation speed can lead to a decrease in magnetic reluctance and, consequently, to a decrease in the active power required to rotate the CWF.

Comparison between Simultaneous and Sequential Movements in a Duopoly Game

In general, a Stackelberg competition benefits the leader and the consumer due to making the first move in a sequential game. However, in this paper, sequential movement does not offer an advantage over simultaneous movement in a static duopoly under quantity competition with an isoelastic demand function. By introducing dynamics into the duopoly model through numerical simulations of simultaneous and sequential movements towards the Cournot equilibrium, there is evidence of first-mover advantage. However, simultaneous movement is advantageous over sequential movement in terms of better profits for both firms and lower prices for the consumer.

ROBOTIC TECHNOLOGICAL CELLULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTION

Ultrasonic flaw detection is the most versatile non-destructive testing method for detecting defects in various materials. The aim of this work is to develop a robotic technological cell for ultrasonic flaw detection of welded products. To achieve this goal, we selected the necessary equipment, developed an algorithm for the control system, and wrote control and data collection programs. In addition to identifying the product defect, the PC-based control system also ensures safety during the diagnostic process.
 The technical support of the cell consists of an ultrasonic flaw detector "EPOCH 650" with a rectangular pulse generator and a digital receiver, an industrial robot Mitsubishi Electric MELFA RV-FR series, a work table for the required part orientation, inductive sensors for identifying the installation of the part, light barriers to ensure safe operation of the cell and a control system.
 The cell control system is implemented in the form of a chalkboard and includes a central processing device for cell control, a robot control processor for implementing the robot's trajectory and communication with the robot controller, a module for communication with peripheral equipment, and a data logging module for registration, recording and sharing of events in the control system, a digital input module for receiving digital signals of 0 or 24 V DC from contact type sensors, manual control buttons, status signals from alarm systems, positioning drives, etc.
 The cell software ensures the implementation of control algorithms and consists of a control program to control the robot's movements, an executive program to ensure the control system's analysis of signals from the flaw detector, a security system, and user interaction via the system interface, The interface system receives data from the PLC and is responsible for graphically displaying information about the control system.
 The paper presents the results of experimental research and simulation, which confirm the efficiency and effectiveness of the developed algorithms and control programs. By determining the optimal values of the speeds of movement and rotation of the robot links during their simultaneous movement, the speed and productivity of the cell are increased.

Teaching and Leading in the Age of Critical Race Theory Legislation: A Case of Self-Silencing in a School

This case centers on two early career educators: a principal and teacher struggling to address issues of diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice (DEIJ) in their school in the current political context of legislative attacks on critical race theory (CRT) and the simultaneous national Black Lives Matter movement. A talented teacher is reluctantly self-silencing out of fear and uncertainty when her students ask her questions related to DEIJ topics. Tired of feeling anxious and compromising her teaching, she seeks the advice of her principal. The case asks readers to consider implications for school leaders, teachers, students, parents, and teacher educators.

Marcus Gunn jaw-winking syndrome: A case report

Abstract Marcus Gunn jaw wink phenomenon or Trigeminal oculomotor synkinesis, is a congenital disorder in which the upper lid moves synkinetically in response to jaw movement during chewing. The term synkinesis describes the simultaneous movement or a coordinated sequence of movements of muscles, which are supplied by different nerves or by separate peripheral branches of the same nerve. Although it rarely manifests bilaterally, it is typically unilateral. In 1883, Dr Robert Marcus Gunn, a Scottish Ophthalmologist described a 15-year-old girl with a peculiar type of congenital ptosis that included an associated winking motion of the affected eyelid on the movement of the jaw. It is known to affect both men and women equally. This phenomenon has been reported to be a similar phenomenon affecting 2-13% of all cases of congenital ptosis. It can be congenital or acquired, for example through trauma. The Congenital Marcus Gunn jaw wink phenomenon is thought to arise from the connection between the branch of the trigeminal nerve (responsible for chewing) supplying the middle or lateral pterygoid muscle and the branch of the oculomotor nerve supplying the upper superior levator ocular defect. Here we present a case report of Marcus Gunn’s Jaw-Winking Synkinesis in congenital ptosis.

Optimization of the mode of movement of the boom system of the loader crane

The article presents a method for solving the problem of eliminating vibrations of the load, which is fixed on a rigid articulated suspension at the time of simultaneous movement of two links of the boom system. The essence of the method is to optimize the mode of simultaneous movement of two links of the boom system of the loader crane with horizontal movement of the load during the start-up period. The problem is solved according to two optimization criteria, namely: according to the optimization criterion of the root-mean-square value of the generalized force and the optimization criterion of the root-mean-square value of the power of drive mechanisms. The developed criteria reflect the undesirable properties of the links of the boom system and drive mechanisms, so their value was minimized.
 The solution of the optimization problem is presented in a discrete form. For this purpose, the particle swarm optimization (ME-PSO) method was used. This helped to obtain discrete values of the kinematic and power characteristics of the boom system of the loader crane.
 Since the optimization criterion is an integral functional, the methods of the calculus of variations are used for its optimization. The solution of the variational optimization problem is presented in the form of many parametric functions that satisfy the boundary conditions of motion and minimize the obtained dimensionless criteria. For this purpose, the particle swarm optimization (ME-PSO) method was used. This made it possible to obtain the dependence of the optimal energy and power characteristics of the boom system and the drive mechanisms of the loader crane. The mode of movement of the boom system links obtained as a result of optimization improved the power and energy characteristics of the loader crane, which made it possible to increase its reliability and productivity.

Prediction and classification of sEMG-based pinch force between different fingers

The movement of intelligent EMG-driven prosthesis mainly relies on the synergy of different fingers to achieve function of grasping objects. The paper proposes a novel scheme for force prediction and movement classification about pinch between different fingers based on surface electromyography (sEMG) using machine learning. The pinch force and sEMG signals are recorded synchronously by a data acquisition device. Eight features are extracted, which are proven to have better performance in the estimation of sEMG-to-force. We present a novel feature selection method that uses the one-dimensional time series similarity assessment based on Manhattan distance to eliminate the repetitive information between features. Three optimal features carrying less repetitive information are retained. Seven machine learning algorithms are used to predict force strength. The results show that the Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) has the best performance of force prediction, achieving a R2 of 0.9517 and RMSE of 3.2723. The paper proposes a novel method of converting EMG feature sequences to the normalized gray image in order to classify the finger movement. Five classifiers based on image feature extraction and the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) are developed respectively. The experimental results indicate that the CNN performs best, achieving an accuracy of 97.66%. In this way, it not only realizes the accurate force prediction, but also realizes the movement classification between different fingers. The proposed methodology has the potential to realize simultaneous force and movement control of prosthetic hand.