Simultaneous Existence Research Articles

Effect of intermittent interruption of fluid supply on flow boiling phenomenon in micro-pinned heat sinks

Among promising cooling options, flow boiling in micro-structures is a strong alternative. However, for systems operating under very high heat loads, any shortage or discontinuity of working fluid can lead to irreversible problems and system failure. Hence, here, this problem is addressed; and as the first time, effect of intermittent interruption of fluid supply on flow boiling phenomenon in expanding cross sectional heat sinks with micro pins and cavities (EHSPC) is experimentally studied. In addition to EHSPC, a classical heat-sink having parallel channels (PHSC) is used for comparison. Different downtimes (DT), more clearly, time for duration of interruption of water flow (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 s), heating powers (145 and 200 W) and heat sinks (EHSPC and PHSC) constitute variable conditions, while mass flux (G = 180kgm−2 s−1) and inlet temperature (Ti = 73 °C) are constant conditions. As conclusion, for pump-failure conditions, EHSPC can successfully manage cooling process. Simultaneous existence of micro-cavities, micro-pin-fins and enlarging cross-section successfully tolerates time-period at which pump doesn't work. The magnitude of quasi-sinusoidal type oscillations of EHSPC is significantly small compared to those obtained for PHSC. Compared to PHSC, enhancement percentage of htp in favor of EHSPC are 19.2 %, 33.9 %, 44.1 % and 119.5 %, respectively for DT = 0, 3 s, 6 s, and 9 s.

The Growth and Decay of Intense GNSS Amplitude and Phase Scintillation During Non-Storm Conditions.

A multi-instrument study is conducted at the dayside polar ionosphere to investigate the spatio-temporal evolution of scintillation in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals during non-storm conditions. Bursts of intense amplitude and phase scintillation started to occur at 9 MLT and persisted for more than 1hour implying the simultaneous existence of Fresnel and large-scale sized irregularities of significant strength in the pre-noon sector. Measurements from the EISCAT radar in Svalbard (ESR) revealed the presence of dense plasma structures with significant gradients in regions of strong Joule heating/fast flows and soft precipitation when scintillation was enhanced. Plasma structuring down to Fresnel scales were observed both in the auroral oval as well as inside the polar cap with the associated amplitude scintillation exhibiting similar strengths regardless of whether the density structures were in regions of active auroral dynamics or not. The observations are placed within the context of different sources of free energy, providing insights into the important mechanisms that generate irregularities capable of perturbing GNSS signal properties in the dayside ionosphere. Furthermore, a strong negative excursion in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) component during the northward turning of led to the transport of a depleted region of plasma density into the post-noon sector that significantly weakened both amplitude and phase scintillation.

Two multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis clones carrying extended spectrum beta-lactamases revealed in a single hospital department by whole genome sequencing

Proteus mirabilis bacteria is a component of normal intestinal microflora of humans and animals, but can also be found in hospital settings causing urinary tract infections and sepsis. The problem of treating such infections is complicated by multidrug-resistant isolates producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), and the number of ESBL-carrying P. mirabilis strains has significantly increased recently.This study presents a detailed analysis of 12 multidrug-resistant P. mirabilis isolates obtained from the wounds of different patients in one surgical department of a multidisciplinary hospital in Moscow, Russia, using the short- and long-read whole genome sequencing. The isolates under investigation divided into two clusters (clones) C1 and C2 based on their genomic profiles and carried antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes corresponding well with phenotypic profiles, which was the first case of reporting two different P. mirabilis clones obtained simultaneously from the same specimens at one hospital, to the best of our knowledge. Some genes, including ESBL encoding ones, were specific for either C1 or C2 (aac(6′)-Ib10, ant(2″)-Ia, qnrA1, blaVEB-6 and fosA3, blaCTX -M-65, correspondingly). Additionally, the Salmonella genomic islands 1 were found that differed in composition of multiple antibiotic resistance regions between C1 and C2 groups. CRISPR-Cas system type I-E was revealed only in C2 isolates, while the same set of virulence factors was determined for both P. mirabilis clones.Diversity of all genetic factors found in case of simultaneous existence of two clones collected from the same source at one department indicates high pathogenic potential of P. mirabilis and poses a requirement of proper spreading monitoring. The data obtained will facilitate the understanding of AMR transfer and dynamics within clinical P. mirabilis isolates and contribute to epidemiological surveillance of this pathogen.

Concurrent spinal schwannoma and meningioma without neurofibromatosis: case presentation and review of literature

BackgroundConcurrent multiple tumors developing in the spinal cord are rare, except for in genetic disorders, such as neurofibromatosis and von Hippel–Lindau disease. The presence of multiple histologically different spinal tumors in the absence of NF-2 is extremely rare. Schwannoma and meningioma can be explained partly by their common origin from the same mesenchymal cell, there is currently no explanation for the simultaneous existence of different spinal tumors other than simple coincidence.Case presentationAfter review of literature, there are thirteen such cases reported in the literature in addition to the present case. The current patient presents with lower limb weakness, and the patient radiology revealed intradural mass opposite the fourth lumbar vertebra with contrast enhancement and intradural extramedullary mass opposite the tenth dorsal vertebra with contrast enhancement in MRI spine. The coexistence of these tumors may be coincidental or might be due to a common histological origin of the Schwann cells and the meningocytes.ConclusionSchwannoma and meningioma have different radiological characteristics and require different managing procedures such as dural base coagulation in meningiomas and rootlet sacrifice in schwannomas.

Cyber risk logics and their implications for cybersecurity

Abstract Cybersecurity in national and international security is frequently discussed in an existential register. However, most cybersecurity activities are normal and routine, including diverse practices of cyber risk management. The intricacies of cyber risk and its connection to security and threat politics have received surprisingly little attention in the cyber politics literature. This article addresses this gap through a twofold theoretical proposition. The first argues that cyber risk in policy and practice inhabits a continuum between ‘classical’ risk and security postures. The second proposes the existence of multiple risk logics, located at different points along this continuum. To illustrate this, we outline two distinct cyber risk logics: ‘risk as potential threats’ and ‘risk as uncertainty’. Through an exploratory case-study of cyber risk policy and guidance in the United Kingdom, we find indications of the simultaneous existence of these risk logics, including in specific organizational contexts. We propose that the ‘risk as potential threats’ logic, in particular, acts as a ‘bridge’ between conventional risk and security. We conclude by discussing how differentiating cyber risk logics facilitates a more finely grained appreciation of cybersecurity policy and practice and provides opportunities for disciplinary engagement with the organizational and institutional politics of cybersecurity and ‘the international’.

Crystal Patterning from Aqueous Solutions via Solutal Instabilities.

Fluid instabilities can be harnessed for facile self-assembly of patterned structures on the nano- and microscale. Evaporative self-assembly from drops is one simple technique that enables a range of patterning behaviors due to the multitude of fluid instabilities that arise due to the simultaneous existence of temperature and solutal gradients. However, the method suffers from limited controllability over patterns that can arise and their morphology. Here, we demonstrate that a range of distinct crystalline patterns including hexagonal arrays, branches, and sawtooth structures emerge from evaporation of water drops containing calcium sulfate on hydrophilic and superhydrophilic substrates. Different pattern regimes emerge as a function of contact line dynamics and evaporation rates, which dictate which fluid instabilities are most likely to emerge. The underlying physical mechanisms behind instability for controlled self-assembly involve Marangoni flows and forced wetting/dewetting. We also demonstrate that these patterns composed of water-soluble inorganic crystals can serve as sustainable and easily removable masks for applications in microscale fabrication.

Detection of Dominant Rainfall Patterns in Indonesian Regions Using Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) and Its Relation with ENSO and IOD Events

Several studies indicate that Indonesia’s position on the equator, where winds from the northern and southern hemispheres converge, leads to year-round rainfall in Indonesia. Previous studies have also shown the presence of monsoon winds over Indonesia, which causes rain in Indonesia to follow the Asian and Australian monsoon wind patterns. Recently, variations in rainfall patterns and intensity in Indonesia have been highly volatile and difficult to predict. This study uses gridded data analysis of ocean-atmospheric rainfall for 69 years (1948–2016) to detect monsoonal, equatorial, and local signals and relate them to ENSO and IOD events. Rainfall analysis reveals that the first mode accounts for 38.57%, the second 13.92%, and the third 8.93% of the total variance. These results show that these variants are very variable, both in space and time. Monsoonal patterns were detected in the southern region of Indonesia, equatorial patterns in northern Sumatra and western Kalimantan, while local patterns were detected in Maluku and the Maluku Islands. Furthermore, the monsoonal and local rainfall patterns are strongly correlated (> 0.85) with local SST, but the equatorial rainfall pattern is weakly correlated (< 0.5) with local SST. Note that the equatorial pattern is associated with the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) phase. The varied vector correlation map illustrates the asymmetric fluctuations in sea surface temperature and the simultaneous existence of winds coming from the west from the Indian Ocean and winds coming from the east from the Pacific Ocean during the period of heavy precipitation.

Measuring norm pluralism and perceived polarization in US politics.

Recent research has shown how norms shape political and economic decision-making. Much of this work assumes that a single norm influences the behavior of all people, but in fact, many situations are characterized by the existence of competing normative viewpoints. We apply a method for measuring belief in the simultaneous existence of multiple norms. Such multiplicity arises naturally when norms are associated with distinctive groups, and thus political polarization can be characterized, in part, as a product of diverging norms between groups. We thus assess the validity of our measurement technique by testing whether it can recover polarization on seven salient political issues on which US Democrats and Republicans tend to hold different views. We then compare the norms elicited by our method to the norms of Democrats and Republicans elicited in a separate sample using an established and validated-but methodologically less rich-measurement approach. Our study uncovers a wide range of co-existing views between and within political groups. Partisans understand their group's norms and hold personal views that align with them. They can also recognize the diversity and polarization in US public opinion by identifying norms specific to political parties and acknowledging the variety of views within their own parties, which may indicate internal divisions. This research underscores the importance of nuanced approaches to political norms that go beyond party lines. By acknowledging a plurality of views, we can encourage productive discussions and bridge ideological divides.

Nonlinear dust ion acoustic solitary waves propagation in a magnetized plasma with Tsallis electron distribution

Abstract We have done a theoretical investigation into the propagation of nonlinear dust ion acoustic solitary waves and their soliton properties in a three-component magnetized collisionless plasma consisting of inertial positively charged ions, noninertial electrons following a Tsallis q–distribution, and stationary negatively charged dust grains. We consider a uniform external magnetic field along the z–direction, and the wave propagation occurs obliquely to the magnetic field direction. It is observed that the two types of wave modes namely slow and fast modes, are appears in the linear analysis. By employing the reductive perturbation method, the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) and modified KdV equations are determined to describe the small amplitude dust ion acoustic soliton. The dependence of several physical plasma parameters including nonextensive q–parameter, magnetic field strength etc. of our plasma on the propagating dust ion acoustic solitary waves potential are numerically examined. This study shows the simultaneous existence of compressive and rarefactive solitons due to the variation of first order nonlinearity coefficient represented by the KdV equation and it is found that there is a critical point for the plasma parameters where the amplitude of the soliton of KdV equation become diverges. The mKdV equation with second order nonlinearity coefficient is derived from there and observed the solitons only with finite amplitude. The present study could be helpful for understanding the nonlinear travelling waves propagating in laboratory and space plasma environments.

Interleukin-31: The Inflammatory Cytokine Connecting Pruritus and Cancer.

Interleukin 31 (IL-31) is a proinflammatory cytokine, mainly secreted by Type II helper T cells. It signals through a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of IL-31 receptor α and oncostatin-M receptor β chain. The hallmark feature of IL-31, in its pathological role, is its ability to induce pruritus in mammals. Pruritus is a common symptom and major reason of morbidity in cancer patients, compromising their quality of life. Although, IL-31 is differentially expressed in different tumor types and could promote or inhibit cancer progression, high expression of IL-31 is a contributing factor to advanced stage tumor and severity of pruritus. The simultaneous existence of pruritus and cancer could either result from the aberrations in common proteins that co-exist in both cancer and pruritus or the therapeutic treatment of cancer could indirectly induce pruritus. Although the biology of IL-31 has predominantly been described in skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and other inflammatory diseases, the precise role of IL-31 in the tumor biology of different cancer types remains elusive. Herein, we summarize the current understanding on the role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of different cancers.

Sensing physical properties for subjective meanings: Putting Emergent Consumer Perceived Value (ECPV) into the marketers’ toolbox

AbstractMarketers need to understand consumers in both theory and practice to create offerings that are valuable to them. Hence, the marketing discipline has conceptualized consumers’ subjectively perceived value in various ways, using multiple paradigms. Nevertheless, its constituents remain unclear. We argue that this is because the ontological and epistemological premises are both vague and narrow. Consequently, consumers’ value perceptions are still difficult to study or manage. With the aim of making a conceptual leap, our paper is the first to apply a critical realist (CR) approach to the phenomenon. CR’s stratified ontology and subjectivist/pluralist epistemology reconcile the positivist and interpretivist/constructionist paradigms, allowing the simultaneous existence of external socio-natural and internal subjective realities. Using these premises, we examine, from a marketer’s perspective, how consumers perceive value, which is a subjective, phenomenological, and socially constructed act embedded in the natural world. Our CR theorizing deploys Bhaskar’s (2010) RRREIC schema and includes a review of the extant subjective value conceptualizations (consumer perceived value, value-in-use, value-in-experience) and retroduction of the key mechanisms generating the phenomenon: meaning-making and sensory perception. Finally, we propose a novel conceptualization for Emergent Consumer Perceived Value formation (ECPV) as an open system. As its integral component, we introduce the concept of Sensory Value Affordance, explaining how consumers transform physical properties into subjective meanings. These conceptual tools cater especially to B2C managers and account for both the phenomenological and sociocultural as well as the corporeal and perceptual. Finally, we present broader implications for value research, the field of marketing, and society.

Room-Temperature Magneto-Photoresponse in All-2D Optoelectronic Devices for In-Sensor Vision Systems.

Interplay between magnetism and photoelectric properties introduces the effective control of photoresponse in optoelectronic devices via magnetic field, termed as magneto-photoresponse. It enriches the application scenarios and shows potential to construct in-sensor vision systems for artificial intelligence with gate-free architecture. However, achieving a simultaneous existence of room-temperature magnetism and notable photoelectric properties in semiconductors is a great challenge. Here, the room-temperature magneto-photoresponse is accomplished in all-2D optoelectronic devices, employing 2D ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2 as the source and drain, with WSe2 forming the channel. The interplay between room-temperature magnetism and photoelectric properties is realized by introducing the unique magneto-band structure effect from 2D interface, resulting in magneto-tunable charge transfer between Fe3GaTe2 and WSe2. The photocurrent in this 2D optoelectronic device exhibits robust response to both the direction and amplitude of external magnetic fields. Utilizing constructed 2D optoelectronic devices with magneto-photoresponse, traditional gate-controlled phototransistors are replaced and a prototype in-sensor vision system with visual adaptation, significantly improving the recognition accuracy to over four times in low-contrast environments is established. These findings pave a way for achieving high-temperature magneto-photoresponse, thereby guiding the construction of robust in-sensor vision systems toward high performance and broad applications.

Remote hand: Cross-regional SASAC holdings and corporate investment efficiency: Evidence from China

The simultaneous existence of government intervention and support for state-owned enterprises makes it difficult to study the relationship between government involvement and business efficiency. Drawing on China's emerging and widely developed cross-regional state-owned holding patterns, this study examines the impact of reduced political intervention on the investment efficiency of local state-owned enterprises (SOEs) when resource support is constant. We demonstrate that the geographic separation of SASAC and SOEs contributes to corporate investment efficiency and that this effect works mainly through the reduction of political pressure and the optimisation of corporate governance. This confirms the existence of the government's grabbing effect on businesses from an opposite perspective.

Finite-discrete element modelling of fracture development in bimrocks

Block-in-matrix rocks (bimrocks) are a complex geological feature composed of hard blocks in a weak matrix bonded together via a weak interface. The failure mechanism and deformation behavior of the bimrocks is quite complex due to the simultaneous existence of blocks with different shapes, strengths and proportions in a matrix. Therefore, it is of great importance to characterize the bimrocks under different situations. This study employs the combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM) to characterize the failure pattern and load carrying capacity of the bimrocks considering changes in various parameters, including block size, volumetric block proportion (VBP), the strength ratio of block-matrix interface to matrix, and the shape of the blocks (angular, circular, and elliptical shapes). First, the robustness and feasibility of the FDEM in modeling fracture development is verified against an analytical solution as well as a series of experimental tests accompanied with the digital image correlation (DIC) method. Then, the verified model is used to model disc specimens with various block shapes and properties. The results indicate the remarkable influence of VBP, block size and block-matrix interface characteristics on the bimrock mechanical behavior under the same VBP. The results are assessed based on macroscopic observations to investigate the influence of determinative physical properties of bimrocks. The results are also evaluated based on the mode of failure, mode I, II, or mixed mode, to qualitatively elucidate the influence of key factors on the formation of different cracks in different places, including the interface of matrix-blocks or intergrain or intragrain. The results show that since the loading is a quasi-static scheme, all the cracks are intergrain and no intragrain crack is observed for any VBP. The simulations outcomes shows that the block sizes determine the failure pattern, failure mode, and load–displacement behavior, where the larger blocks exhibiting the lowest load carrying capacity due to experiencing more interface breakage in shear. It is found that the VBP is a crucial parameter in the deformation of the bimrocks, showing that the strength of the bimrocks significantly increases with a decrease in the VBPs and the ones with greater VBPs experience more breakage and thus less resistance to loading. The block-interface strength is found to be the most critical factor in the deformation of the bimrocks (regardless of the value of the VBP). Finally, the effect of block shape is shown to have a considerable impact on bimrocks with the higher VBPs (more than 70%).

Comparative Analysis Of Articles 527 And 528 Of The Criminal Code Of Ra, Some Theoretical And Practical Issues On Their Applicability

The subject of this article's study is Articles 527 and 528 of the RA Criminal Code, their similarities and differences, qualification issues. The problem under study is topical, taking into account the adoption of the new criminal code and the introduction of a new crime in it, which is of interest for the study of this article. At the same time, the topicality of the problem is also justified by the fact that, in the conditions of the simultaneous existence of the discussed crimes, there are no clear distinctions regarding theoretical problems and their application in practice. The purpose of this article is to research articles 527 and 528 of the RA Criminal Code, their similarities and differences, discuss some issues related to their practical application and provide author's solutions. The article reveals the problems of qualifying the acts committed by servicemen as evasion of military service or temporarily suspending its individual duties. The article justifies the necessity of introducing Article 528 into the RA Criminal Code and its practical applicability as an independent mechanism for the legislative regulation of self-harms unrelated to military service duties. The conclusions made as a result of the study of the article have the significance of observing the object of study from some theoretical perspectives and showing a systematic approach to the problems arising during practical application.

E3 ligase RNF2 inhibits porcine circovirus type 3 replication by targeting its capsid protein for ubiquitination-dependent degradation.

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is closely associated with various diseases, such as the porcine dermatitis, nephropathy syndrome, and multisystemic clinicopathological diseases. PCV3-associated diseases are increasingly recognized as severe diseases in the global swine industry. Ring finger protein 2 (RNF2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase exclusively located in the nucleus, contributes to various biological processes. This ligase interacts with the PCV3 Cap. However, its role in PCV3 replication remains unclear. This study confirmed that the nuclear localization signal domain of the Cap and the RNF2 N-terminal RING domain facilitate the interaction between the Cap and RNF2. Furthermore, RNF2 promoted the binding of K48-linked polyubiquitination chains to lysine at positions 139 and 140 (K139 and K140) of the PCV3 Cap, thereby degrading the Cap. RNF2 knockdown and overexpression increased or decreased PCV3 replication, respectively. Moreover, the RING domain-deleted RNF2 mutant eliminated the RNF2-induced degradation of the PCV3 Cap and RNF2-mediated inhibition of viral replication. This indicates that both processes were associated with its E3 ligase activity. Our findings demonstrate that RNF2 can interact with and degrade the PCV3 Cap via its N-terminal RING domain in a ubiquitination-dependent manner, thereby inhibiting PCV3 replication.IMPORTANCEPorcine circovirus type 3 is a recently described pathogen that is prevalent worldwide, causing substantial economic losses to the swine industry. However, the mechanisms through which host proteins regulate its replication remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ring finger protein 2 inhibits porcine circovirus type 3 replication by interacting with and degrading the Cap of this pathogen in a ubiquitination-dependent manner, requiring its N-terminal RING domain. Ring finger protein 2-mediated degradation of the Cap relies on its E3 ligase activity and the simultaneous existence of K139 and K140 within the Cap. These findings reveal the mechanism by which this protein interacts with and degrades the Cap to inhibit porcine circovirus type 3 replication. This consequently provides novel insights into porcine circovirus type 3 pathogenesis and facilitates the development of preventative measures against this pathogen.

Marooned

Mr. João de Deus, an elderly Afro-Brazilian man, worked on the ground and contributed to the beginning of the modern Brazilian oil industry. His is a story of environmental hope and personal resilience with roots in the deep past and outcomes that reverberate to the present. João de Deus’s story reveals many layers of history beyond human activity, weaving together different temporalities and kinds of hope. This article layers different temporalities—geological, ecological, and human—to emphasize their interconnectedness. As a method, layering various chronological scales helps highlight how they collectively contribute to a complex and nuanced history of a particular individual, community, or place. It considers the simultaneous existence and impact of multiple historical layers, emphasizing the interplay of different historical timescales and historical actors. João de Deus, situated atop ancient geological layers potentially rich in oil, experienced life as a Black man in slavery-era Brazil. Amid the ecological presence of African oil palms and the emerging industrialization of the Maraú Peninsula, he found himself entangled in multiple concurrent histories of different chronological scales, all influencing his destiny.

Multi-site solar irradiance prediction based on hybrid spatiotemporal graph neural network

Constructing accurate spatiotemporal correlations is a challenging task in joint prediction of multiple photovoltaic sites. Some advanced algorithms for incorporating other surrounding site information have been proposed, such as graph neural network-based methods, which are usually based on static or dynamic graphs to build spatial dependencies between sites. However, the possibility of the simultaneous existence of multiple spatial dependencies is not considered. This paper establishes a spatiotemporal prediction model based on hybrid spatiotemporal graph neural network. In this model, we apply adaptive hybrid graph learning to learn composite spatial correlations among multiple sites. A temporal convolution module with multi-subsequence temporal data input is used to extract local semantic information to better predict future nonlinear temporal dependencies. A spatiotemporal adaptive fusion module is added to address the issue of integrating diverse spatiotemporal trends among multiple sites. To assess the model's predictive performance, nine solar radiation observation stations were selected in two different climatic environments. The average root mean square error (RMSE) of the constructed model was 38.51 and 49.90 W/m2, with average mean absolute error (MAE) of 14.72 and 23.06 W/m2, respectively. Single-site and multi-site prediction models were selected as baseline models. Compared with the baseline models, the RMSE and MAE reduce by 3.1%–20.8% and 8.9%–32.8%, respectively, across all sites. The proposed model demonstrates the effectiveness of improving accuracy in forecasting solar irradiance through multi-site predictions.

Sarcopenic obesity and severity of chronic venous disease in postmenopausal women

Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a functional and clinical condition that is characterised by the simultaneous existence of sarcopenia and excess adipose tissue. This condition may be one of the pathogenetic factors for chronic venous disease (CVD) of the lower extremities and chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), due to impaired muscle venous pump function. Furthermore, obesity is considered a risk factor for these conditions. Objective — to investigate the association of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity with the severity of chronic venous disease in postmenopausal women. Materials and methods. The study included 117 postmenopausal women who were divided into two groups: Group I — 87 (74.4%) women with CVD, and Group II—30 (25.6%) women without any signs of CVD. Within Group I, two subgroups were distinguished based on the class of CVD as defined by the CEAP classification system. Subgroup IA consisted of 45 women (51.7%) with CVD classes 1 and 2, which correspond to compensated chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). Subgroup IB included 42 women (48.3%) with CVD classes 3, 4, and 5, indicating subcompensated or decompensated CVI. The measurement of fat and lean mass was conducted using dual‑energy X‑ray absorptiometry with the Hologic device (Discovery WI, USA, 2015). The presence of sarcopenia was determined by the skeletal muscle assessment index ASM/height2, where ASM is the total appendicular skeletal muscle mass of the legs and arms. Sarcopenia was diagnosed when the value of ASM/height2 was <6.0 kg/m2. The diagnosis of SO was made in patients with sarcopenia and a body mass index >25 kg/m2. Results. The mean age of women was 67.32±9.12 years (46—86 years), the mean body mass index was 29.1±6.0 kg/m2 (18.4—50.1 kg/m2), and BMI/height2 was 6.72±0.864 kg/m2. Women in Group I had lower values of BMI/height2 (6.63±0.72 kg/m2) than women in Group II (6.97±1.0 kg/m2, p=0.056). Sarcopenia was detected in 27 (23.1%) women, and SO in 17 (14.5%). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the frequency of sarcopenia: in Group I, 5 (16.7%) women had sarcopenia, in Group II — 22 (25.3%), (p=0.334). The proportion of patients with SO in Group I was statistically significantly larger compared to Group II — 18.4 and 3.3% (p=0.044). There was an increase in the proportion of women with sarcopenia and SO with increasing severity of CVI: 8 (17.8%) patients in subgroup IA and 14 (33.3%) in subgroup IB had sarcopenia (p=0.095), and 4 (8.94%) and 12 (28.6%) had SO, respectively (p=0.018). Conclusions. Postmenopausal women with CVD were more likely to have SO (18.4%) compared to patients without CVD (3.3%, p=0.044). Postmenopausal women with subcompensated and decompensated CVI were more likely to have SO (12 (28.6%)) than women with compensated CVI (4 (8.94%, p=0.018, odds ratio 6.54, 95% confidence interval 0.83—51.58). Menopausal women with CVD were more likely to have sarcopenia and had a higher incidence of subcompensated and decompensated CVI compared to women without sarcopenia, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Novel S-N/WO3: Optimization of photocatalytic performance of WO3 by simultaneous existence of S and N in WO3 against MB dye.

In this work, pure and S-N/WO3 (1%-7%) nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed for the degradation of MB dye. Optical properties, vibrational analysis, morphology, structural analysis, and photocatalytic activity of the samples have been evaluated using a variety of characterization techniques, including UV-vis, PL, FTIR, SEM, and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD patterns showed that the stability of the orthorhombic phase of WO3 was affected by the concentrations of S and N. In SEM, nanospheres with an average size of 80nm of NPs have been observed. The PL results showed that the e-, h+ recombination rate for the S-N7%/WO3 sample was the lowest. The degradation of MB dye has also been investigated in order to investigate the photocatalytic performance. Remarkably, S-N7%/WO3 shows the best results, with a maximum degradation of 90% in 120min. The stability of the improved catalyst was tested using recycling and trapping studies. S-N7%/WO3 catalyst's exceptional photocatalytic activity highlights its potential use in wastewater treatment. This study will be helpful for manufacturing innovation.