Simultaneous Enhancement Research Articles

Simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility in Al-Zn-Cu casting alloy with trace Mg addition designed by first principle calculation

The Al alloy containing 17 wt% Zn exhibits enhanced strength through Zn precipitation after casting without the need for further aging treatment. DFT (Density Functional Theory) calculations revealed that the addition of Cu and Mg elements to Al-Zn alloy has the potential to stabilize the Zn phase in the Al matrix and reduce the interface energy between the Zn precipitate and Al matrix. Based on these findings, 0.5 wt% Cu and 0.1 wt% Mg were added to the Al-17 wt% Zn alloy. The trace element level of 0.1 wt% Mg addition led to a significant increase in both yield and tensile strength, from 132 to 278 and from 248 to 310 MPa, respectively, compared to the Al-17 wt% Zn alloy with 0.5 wt% Cu. Furthermore, their ductility surpassed 11 %. The trace amount of Mg greatly increased yield and tensile strength, while Cu enhanced the ductility in the Al-Zn alloy after casting without any aging treatment.

A Highly Charged Positive Cage Causes Simultaneous Enhancement of Type‐II and O2‐Independent‐Type‐I Photodynamic Therapy via One‐/Two‐Photon Stimulation and Tumor Immunotherapy via PANoptosis and Ferroptosis

To solve the oxygen dependence problem of photodynamic therapy (PDT), it is critical to explore photosensitizers that do not rely on O2 molecule to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, a stable cationic metal‐organic cage [Pd6(RuLoz3)8](BF4)28 (MOC‐88) that possesses high +28 charges is designed. The cage‐confined positive microenvironment enables efficient generation of hydroxyl radicals and improved yield of the singlet oxygen under one‐/two‐photon excitation, showing excellent performance to concurrently enhance Type‐II and O2‐independent‐Type‐I PDT. Moreover, the effective ROS production and robust lipid peroxidation trigger a series of signaling pathways (inflammasome, cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate synthase stimulator of interferon genes, and NF‐κB) to evoke PANoptosis and ferroptosis in tumor cells, enabling MOC‐88 to simultaneously cause the loss of cell membrane integrity, release a series of inflammatory cytokines and damage‐associated molecular patterns, stimulate the maturation and antigen presentation ability of dendritic cells, and ultimately activate T‐cell‐dependent adaptive immunity in vivo to inhibit tumor growth.

Cu-Containing Faujasite-Type Zeolite as an Additive in Eco-Friendly Energetic Materials.

Regarding the current state of the art on the utilization of zeolites in industry, the application of zeolites as an additive to eco-friendly energetic materials indicates the innovative character of the present research. One of the most commonly used energetic materials in the mining industry (engineering works) is ANFO (ammonium nitrate fuel oil), due to its easy and cheap production procedure as well as its good energetic properties and vast possibilities for modification. In the present research, we investigated Cu-zeolite with a faujasite structure (Cu-FAU) as a modifier of ANFO-based energetic materials. Analysis of the results obtained from thermodynamic calculations of energetic performance led to the conclusion that the application of Cu-faujasite as an additive to ANFO resulted in a relevant reduction in the total emission of post-decomposition fumes, with simultaneous enhancement of the energetic properties of the energetic material, which corresponded with the changes in the status of the surface and the reduced thermal effect accompanying the ammonium nitrate's decomposition. From analysis of both the energetic performance and fumes, it may be concluded that our eco-friendly and enhanced energetic material can be used as a low-emission source of energy for the quarrying of raw materials.

Synergistic enhancement of regeneration capacity and ecological functions of Robinia pseudoacacia L. plantations in the Loess Plateau

Contemporary forestry research prioritizes the advancement of high-quality forestry, especially in ecologically vulnerable areas. To this end, enhancing the ecological function and natural regeneration capacity of planted forest stands is crucial. This study investigated synergistic or trade-off relationships between stand regeneration capacity and the ecological functions (including water conservation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration, and understory plant diversity) of Robinia pseudoacacia L. (RP) plantations in the Caijiachuan watershed of the Loess Plateau using Root Mean Square Deviation. The results indicated that stand regeneration capacity exhibited synergistic, moderate trade-off, and high trade-off relationships with soil and water conservation, stand carbon sequestration, and understory plant diversity, respectively. Notably, stand regeneration capacity had a synergistic relationship with the overall forest ecological function (sum of the above functions), suggesting that the overall forest ecological function can be simultaneously improved by enhancing stand regeneration capacity. Redundancy analyses revealed that the regeneration capacity was primarily influenced by soil moisture content (SMC), stand density (SD), total transmitted light, herbaceous species richness, litter accumulation, and soil available phosphorus (AP). According to the stand optimization model, the highest regeneration capacity of RP was observed under the following conditions: 1742 trees·hm−2 for SD, 15.29 % for SMC (higher than the mean value of 33.53 % for the existing RP), 41.69 mg·kg−1 for AP (higher than the mean value of 15.84 %), and 1.84 for LAI (lower than the mean value of 20.0 %). Therefore, to achieve the simultaneous enhancement of the regeneration capacity and overall ecological function of RP stands, foresters should prioritize adjusting SD to an appropriate range through thinning or replanting. Additionally, regular pruning of specific branches of individual trees is essential to mitigate the adverse effects of high LAI on stand regeneration. Where feasible, soil moisture and nutrients can also be increased, but excessive levels of AP should be avoided.

Simultaneous Enhancement of Mechanical, Rheological, Heat Resistance, and Thermal/Electrical Properties of Poly(L-lactide)/Poly(D-lactide)/Carbon Fibers Composites

Simultaneous Enhancement of Mechanical, Rheological, Heat Resistance, and Thermal/Electrical Properties of Poly(L-lactide)/Poly(D-lactide)/Carbon Fibers Composites

Impact of incremental zinc-oxide incorporation on optical, magnetic, mechanical and photon transmission properties of K2O, SrF2, PbO containing borate-glasses

This study examines the radiation shielding properties of borate glass systems, with a focus on the simultaneous enhancement of optical, mechanical, and magnetic characteristics. The glass composition is represented by formula (55-x)B2O3+25PbO+10SrF2+10K2O + xZnO (where x: 0.0–10.0 mol%). By manipulating the ZnO concentration, we aimed to investigate its role as a radiation attenuator and its effects on the glass's optical, mechanical, and magnetic properties. Using traditional melt-quenching techniques, we produced the glass samples and examined their density, molar volume, linear attenuation coefficients (GLAC), mean free paths (GMFP), half-value layers (GHVL), and optical and magnetic properties. Our findings demonstrate that higher ZnO concentrations lead to a significant increase in density and a corresponding decrease in molar volume, thereby enhancing the glasses' ability to shield against gamma radiation. The radiation attenuation analysis revealed that increasing ZnO content substantially improves GLAC values across the energy range of 356–1333 keV. Additionally, ZnO incorporation decreases the optical bandgap, shifting the UV absorption edge to shorter wavelengths and enhancing UV dielectric capacity. Magnetic properties were assessed using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements, showing a strong correlation between ZnO content and the effective atomic number (Zeff). It can be concluded that ZnO not only contributes to radiation shielding but also modifies the electronic structure of the glass, impacting its optical absorption properties.

Introducing rigid-flexible integrated structure and constructing sacrificial bonds to achieve mechanically robust and malleable epoxy resin

Epoxy resin (EP) is usually brittle because of highly cross-linked chemical structure, so it is necessary to carry out research on toughening of epoxy resin. Here, a modified epoxy resin with enhanced mechanical toughness and strength was prepared using a novel modifier (PEA-BA), synthesized from polyetheramine D-400 (PEA) and benzoic acid (BA). Polyether chains that represent flexible structures, and aromatic rings representing rigid structures, were integrated together into the modifier to achieve simultaneous enhancement of the toughness and strength of the resulting epoxy resin. Moreover, the aromatic rings in PEA-BA formed π-π interactions with the aromatic rings in the EP network, further increasing the ductility of the modified epoxy resin. Research results demonstrated that the modified epoxy resin exhibited significantly improved elongation at break (increasing from 6.7 % to 39.2 %), as well as higher tensile strength (from 61.9 MPa to 69.3 MPa) and impact strength (from 25.3 kJ·m−2 to 62.9 kJ·m−2). Importantly, the glass transition temperature and thermal stability of the modified epoxy resin were not markedly reduced. The above properties indicated that PEA-BA achieved a favorable combination of high strength and ductility of epoxy resin, providing a new idea for toughening epoxy resin.

Variational Model with Nonstandard Growth Condition in Image Restoration and Contrast Enhancement

AbstractWe propose a new variational model in Sobolev-Orlicz spaces with non-standard growth conditions of the objective functional and discuss its applications to the simultaneous contrast enhancement and denoising of color images. The characteristic feature of the proposed model is that we deal with a constrained non-convex minimization problem that lives in variable Sobolev-Orlicz spaces where the variable exponent is unknown a priori and it depends on a particular function that belongs to the domain of the objective functional. In contrast to the standard approach, we do not apply any spatial regularization to the image gradient. We discuss the consistency of the variational model, give the scheme for its regularization, derive the corresponding optimality system, and propose an iterative algorithm for practical implementations.

MOF-Derived Nanoparticles with Enhanced Acoustical Performance for Efficient Mechano-Sonodynamic Therapy.

Ultrasound (US) generates toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) by acting on sonosensitizers for cancer treatment, and the mechanical damage induced by cavitation effects under US is equally significant. Therefore, designing a novel sonosensitizer that simultaneously possesses efficient ROS generation and enhanced mechanical effects is promising. In this study, carbon-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (C-ZnO) are constructed for mechano-sonodynamic cancer therapy. The presence of carbon (C) doping optimizes the electronic structure, thereby enhancing the ROS generation triggered by US, efficiently inducing tumor cell death. On the other hand, the high specific surface area and porous structure brought about by C doping enable C-ZnO to enhance the mechanical stress induced by cavitation bubbles under US irradiation, causing severe mechanical damage to tumor cells. Under the dual effects of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and mechanical therapy mediated by C-ZnO, excellent anti-tumor efficacy is demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo, along with a high level of biological safety. This is the first instance of utilizing an inorganic nanomaterial to achieve simultaneous enhancement of ROS production and US-induced mechanical effects for cancer therapy. This holds significant importance for the future development of novel sonosensitizers and advancing the applications of US in cancer treatment.

Sodium chloride solution transport through a carbon nanotube with an embedded carbon nanotube via molecular dynamics simulations

Carbon nanotubes hold significant potential for developing highly efficient desalination membranes. However, achieving both enhanced water transfer rate and salt rejection efficiency simultaneously has been challenging due to the pore size limitation. In this study, we discovered that embedding a carbon nanotube within a large-diameter carbon nanotube enables the simultaneous enhancement of both water transfer rate and salt rejection efficiency. This outcome is attributed to the accelerated water velocity and the blockage of ions entering the narrowed cross-section of the carbon nanotube. These findings have valuable implications for the design of fast water transport membranes with high salt rejection efficiency.

Cement based nanofiltration membrane of porous boron nitride and graphene oxide for effective oil/water separation

The development of effective filters for crude oil/water separation presents a critical environmental challenge in the face of oil spills. Porous membrane separation stands as a vital technique for removing organic solvents, oils, and dyes from water. In this study, we designed and fabricated a nanofiltration membrane composed of graphene oxide (GO) and boron nitride (BN) incorporated into a cement-based matrix to enhance the selectivity and efficiency of unidirectional flux transportation. The integration of GO, with its rich functional groups, and BN, known for its hydrophobic properties, within the cement matrix, resulted in an improved water permeation rate. Moreover, the inclusion of BN flakes in the cement matrix significantly enhances its mechanical strength, reaching up to 15.93 MPa (∼35 % greater than pristine cement), establishing it as a robust nanofiltration membrane for simultaneous flux enhancement and water purification. This innovative filter demonstrated remarkable separation efficiency, achieving up to 99 % oil removal while allowing the passage of water. To gain a deeper understanding of our experimental findings, we conducted ab initio investigations into the adsorption behavior of water and oil components, including ethanethiol, thiophene, and toluene molecules, on h-BN, GO, and their defective structures (Stone-Wales defect). Our results affirm that porous h-BN and GO nanosheets, characterized by their high specific surface areas, exhibit remarkable sorption capabilities. This nanoengineered membrane showcases substantial adsorption capacity alongside physisorption characteristics suitable for recycling, thereby holding significant potential for the development of functional porous structural materials in the realm of high-performance, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable water treatment solutions.

Simultaneous enhancement of multiple functional properties using evolution-informed protein design

A major challenge in protein design is to augment existing functional proteins with multiple property enhancements. Altering several properties likely necessitates numerous primary sequence changes, and novel methods are needed to accurately predict combinations of mutations that maintain or enhance function. Models of sequence co-variation (e.g., EVcouplings), which leverage extensive information about various protein properties and activities from homologous protein sequences, have proven effective for many applications including structure determination and mutation effect prediction. We apply EVcouplings to computationally design variants of the model protein TEM-1 β-lactamase. Nearly all the 14 experimentally characterized designs were functional, including one with 84 mutations from the nearest natural homolog. The designs also had large increases in thermostability, increased activity on multiple substrates, and nearly identical structure to the wild type enzyme. This study highlights the efficacy of evolutionary models in guiding large sequence alterations to generate functional diversity for protein design applications.

Simultaneous enhancements of UV-shielding properties and photostability of polyvinyl butyral by incorporation of MWCNTs

Polymer nanocomposites with proper reinforcement can simultaneously enhance both the UV-shielding and optical properties. Such composite materials are being investigated for many commercial applications, including automotive, window screens etc. However, the inherent challenge is maintaining transparency while using reinforcement to get better optical properties and UV resistance. In this study, Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) were reinforced for a range of content (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 wt%) in Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB) matrix to synthesize nanocomposite films for UV-shielding purposes. UV-shielding properties are enhanced as compared to PVB for all compositions. We were adding 0.5 wt% MWCNTs to PVB effectively improved UV wavelength blocking and slightly decreased visible light transparency. UV studies were performed in the 190–1100 nm wavelength range and the values of the absorption edge, direct and indirect bandgap energies and Urbach energy were evaluated. When 0.5 wt% MWCNTs were reinforced into the PVB, the direct and indirect bandgaps changed significantly from 4.50 to 4.91 eV–3.01 eV and 4.06 eV respectively, while the Urbach energy increased from 0.73 eV to 1.16 eV. These results show that the UV shielding and photostability of PVB nanocomposite films are significantly changed with the low dispersion of MWCNTs.

Multilayered W–Cu composites with enhanced strength, electrical conductivity and wear resistance

W–Cu composites have been widely applied in numerous critical applications due to their excellent comprehensive properties. However, the mechanical properties and physical properties of W–Cu composites can hardly be enhanced simultaneously. In this paper, multilayered W–Cu composites with various copper contents were fabricated by the electric field assisted fast hot-pressing technology. The prepared multilayered W–Cu composites demonstrate simultaneous enhancement in compressive yield strength, electrical conductivity, and wear resistance compared to those of the commercial counterparts. The improved strength can be attributed to both the enhanced stress partitioning and the exceptional strength of the tungsten layer. The combined lower friction coefficient and high strength of the composites contribute to the reduced wear rate. Moreover, the in-situ compression test reveals that the plastic strain of the multilayered W–Cu composites is primarily governed by the nucleation of kinking band, which differs it from the nanolaminated composites where plastic strain is also contributed by the propagation of kinking band. This work reveals the advantages of the multilayered structure and provides new insight for the structural design of high-performance W–Cu composites.

Opting for polyamines with specific structural traits as a strategy to boost performance of enzymatic membrane reactors

Enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR) is a type of continuous-flow bioreactor offering easy separation and reuse of biocatalyst while giving opportunities to improve its performance. However, simultaneous enhancement of activity and stability of enzyme while retaining high membrane permeability poses a challenge for a single reactor. Herein, we propose a new method to optimize EMR system − by employing cationic polyelectrolytes with selected molecular weight, backbone, and amino group type for modification of membrane surface; after we have evaluated the effect of polyamine chemistry and membrane properties on each aspect of EMR performance. Polydopamine (PDA)-assisted co-deposition of polyamines (polyethyleneimine (PEI), PEI-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEI-g-PEG), poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC)) was used as the modification method; the membranes were characterized by water permeability, water contact angle (WCA), zeta potential (ZP), FTIR spectra, and SEM/EDX; and EMRs were assessed by biocatalytic activity at various pH, flux, immobilization yield and efficiency (activity recovery), enzyme leakage, pH/storage and thermal stability, and reusability. In this work, EMRs with immobilized alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) showed activities up to 8.9 mU/cm2, retained up to 86 % of initial activity in three conversion cycles without any reduction in flux, and allowed to increase non-optimal pH activity (pH 10) by up to 81 % and improve storage stability by up to 53 % compared to the free enzyme. We discovered statistically significant (p < 0.01) relationships between: (1) polyamine backbone type (linear vs branched) and membrane permeability; (2) membrane isoelectric point and immobilization yield; and (3) membrane WCA and immobilization efficiency. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic study of the effect of polyelectrolyte chemistry on performance of immobilized enzyme − which showed the method’s strong potential for customizing properties and maximizing the productivity of EMRs.

Microsphere lens array embedded microfluidic chip for SERS detection with simultaneous enhancement of sensitivity and stability

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) utilizes the fingerprint features of molecular vibrations to identify and detect substances. However, in traditional single focus excitation scenarios, its signal collection efficiency of the objective is restricted. Furthermore, the uneven distribution of samples on the SERS substrate would result in poor signal stability, while the excitation power is limited to avoid sample damage. SERS detection system always requires precise adjustment of focal length and spot size, making it difficult for point-of-care testing applications. Here, we proposed a SERS microfluidic chip with barium titanate microspheres array (BTMA) embedded using vacuum self-assembled hot-pressing method for SERS detection with simultaneous enhancement of sensitivity and stability. Due to photonic nano-jets and directional antenna effects, high index microspheres are perfect micro-lens for effective light focusing and signal collecting. The BTMA can not only disperse excitation beam into an array of focal points covering the target uniformly with very low signal fluctuation, but enlarge the power threshold for higher signal intensity. We conducted a proof-of-principle experiment on chip for the detection of bacteria with immuno-magnetic tags and immuno-SERS tags. Together with magnetic and ultrasonic operations, the target bacteria in the flow were evenly congregated on the focal plane of BTMA. It demonstrated a limit of detection of 5 cells/mL, excellent signal reproducibility (error∼4.84%), and excellent position tolerance of 500 μm in X–Y plane (error∼5.375%). It can be seen that BTMA-SERS microfluidic chip can effectively solve the contradiction between sensitivity and stability in SERS detection.

Simultaneous enhancement of elevated temperature strength and ductility in additive-manufactured nickel-based superalloy via doping Y2O3 nanoparticles

In this work, we coated a layer of Y2O3 particles in Hastelloy X (HX) nickel-based superalloy powder by in situ chemical method and combined with laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology to develop a high-performance Y2O3-doping alloy, designated as Y-HX. The results show that the doping of Y2O3 particles prevents crack formation during the printing process and reduces solute segregation at cell and grain boundaries by increasing the viscosity of the molten pool. The doping of Y2O3 particles to the printed Y-HX alloy enhances grain boundary characteristics, transforming coarse sheet-like carbides into finely dispersed granular carbides at the boundaries during subsequent heat treatment. Additionally, doping with Y2O3 particles increases the recrystallization activation energy of the Y-HX alloy from 149.4 to 278.8 kJ mol–1. At 750 °C, the Y-HX alloy exhibits an ultimate tensile strength of 619 ± 2 MPa and an elongation of 52 % ± 2 %, along with an ultimate tensile strength of 325 ± 3 MPa and an elongation of 47 % ± 2 % at 900 °C. Our work provides a promising way to develop additive-manufactured superalloys with exceptional thermal stability and remarkable high-temperature mechanical properties.

Dielectric gene engineering on biochar for ultrawide-band microwave absorption with a rational double-layer design

Biomass char is very promising in developing microwave absorbing materials with low minimum reflection loss (RLmin) and ultrawide effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) owing to its low cost and natural availability of various pores, but however is facing a dilemma between the conduction loss and interface polarization loss where new heating technology is highly desirable. In this work, a microwave confined plasma/microwave hybrid heating technology is developed based on the unique interaction between porous carbon and microwave for simultaneous enhancement of conduction loss and interface polarization loss of cellulose char. Compared to the conventional heating product at the same temperature, the as-prepared microwave char showed almost doubled conductivity which is beneficial for conduction loss, higher content of C–O bond that has longer bond length and dielectric susceptibility than CO bond, and more condensed carbon nanoparticles embedded in the carbon matrix which is responsible for increasing the heterointerface polarization loss. As such the tangent loss of MW900-40 % ranges from 0.69 to 0.97 while that of CH900-40 % only ranges from 0.34 to 0.64 in the frequency range of 2.0–18.0 GHz. Further, based on multilayer impedance gradient principle, a double-layer absorber is constructed with products of different MW900 loading, yielding a RLmin of −59.0 dB at 15.9 GHz with an EAB of 10.0 GHz at 4.0 mm, whose working mechanism is comprehensively studied by simulations in terms of impedance matching and microwave dissipation distribution.

Multifunctional particle additives for simultaneous enhancement of toughness and biodegradation of poly(lactic acid)

A multifunctional biodegradable additive powder has been created for simultaneous enhancement of toughness and compostability of the biopolymer poly(lactic acid) (PLA). PLA has promising strength and stiffness compared to commodity plastics, but the neat polymer is not a direct replacement for petroleum-based plastics in consumer products due to its brittle fracture and low ductility. Although officially certified as biodegradable, PLA suffers from a slow composting rate and is not considered compostable outside of specialized environments such as those found in industrial composters (where temperatures approaching 60 °C are used). A powder-based additive has been developed that increases both the elongation at break and the composting rate of PLA to enhance the attractiveness of PLA over current commodity plastics. In this study, various amounts of the additive are compounded into PLA using a single screw extruder. Test specimens are prepared using the additive manufacturing method of fused filament fabrication. The PLA-based composites show a minimal loss of strength and stiffness as compared to plasticized PLA resins, and the additives provide tunable properties to the material in the ability to control elongation versus strength and stiffness. Direct tensile testing of 3.75 mm filament for additive manufacturing to compare material properties is also investigated. The composting behavior is investigated using specimens made by extrusion as part of an additive manufacturing model system. Composting studies show an increase in composting rate under elevated temperature of 58 °C and 50 % relative humidity under modified ASTM D5338 soil contact testing. Microbial analysis indicates that the additive particles support the growth of specific degraders and shifts the composition of the microbial population of bacteria and fungi and has potential for enhancing the compostability in home compost.

Simultaneously improving mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of Al-1.9Mn alloys with different Mg and Si addition

A simultaneous achievement of high strength and toughness, as well as high conductivity in traditional Al-1.9Mn cast aluminum alloy used in the manufacture of water-cooled radiator shells has proven to be challenging. The addition of Mg and Si elements was implemented in the cast aluminum alloy for a modified treatment to solve the problem. The results showed that the inclusion of Si facilitated the transformation of the plate-like Mn-rich phase (Al6Mn) in the initial Al-1.9Mn alloy into a Chinese-script phase (Al15Mn3Si2) in the new Al-1.9Mn alloy. A higher Si content resulted in an increased volume fraction of Al15Mn3Si2 and a decreased solid solution of Mn in the matrix. Furthermore, a high content of Mg (0.9 wt%) in the Si modified Al-1.9Mn alloy resulted in a notable property reduction, not only in its elongation, but also in its electrical conductivity. It can be attributed to the formation of Mg2Si and the increased solid solution of Mg in the matrix. Through the optimization of the Mg and Si contents, new Al-1.9Mn alloys with superior mechanical properties and excellent electrical conductivity were successfully developed. With the addition of 0.45 wt% magnesium and 0.75 wt% silicon, the new Al-1.9Mn alloy increased its tensile strength to 170 MPa and yield strength to 88 MPa while maintaining 10 % elongation. At the same time, its electrical conductivity increased by 10.7 % compared to the original Al-1.9Mn alloy. The addition of magnesium and silicon elements can achieve a simultaneous enhancement of both the strength and electrical conductivity of the Al-1.9Mn alloy. This holds the potential to meet the usage requirements for cast aluminum alloys used in water-cooled radiator shells.