Simple Spreadsheet Program Research Articles

Using lotus 1–2–3 macros as grading assistants

Abstract Electronic spreadsheet software has gained widespread acceptance in the business community and educational institutions. This note demonstrates how instructors can save time and improve accuracy by using simple spreadsheet programs, called macros, to facilitate the grading task. It also discloses caveats that highlight potential problems associated with spreadsheet grading techniques. Accordingly, this note provides insight regarding the circumstances under which computer-assisted grading may be appropriate. Four basic functions of spreadsheet grading are introduced through a comprehensive example. Instructors are encouraged to use these macros as examples for the development of a personal macro grading library.

A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to describe the transfer of organic solvents in the human body. Simulation of kinetic behavior of trichloroethylene using a spreadsheet program

A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed to describe the transfer of organic solvent vapors in the human body. The model was composed of seven tissue compartments, i.e., lungs, vessel-rich tissues, vessel-poor tissues, muscles, fat tissues, gastrointestinal tissues, and liver, each being interconnected by the blood flow system. Transfer of organic solvents was expressed in the form of simultaneous differential equations, which were then solved numerically on a personal computer using a simple spreadsheet program. The simulation of pharmacokinetic behavior of trichloroethylene with this model was found to be in general agreement with the experimental data. The usefulness of a physiological simulation model to elucidate some toxicokinetic aspects of human exposure to organic solvent vapors is discussed.