Simple Randomized Block Design Research Articles

Effect of potassium and zinc on growth, physiological and yield attributes in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) cv. “mosambi” under high density planting

The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of potassium and zinc on Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) cv. “Mosambi” during the year 2018. Eight years old uniformly grown Mosambi Sweet orange plants, grafted on Karna Khatta rootstock and planted at a distance of 3.0 x 2.5m were used in this investigation. The investigation was carried out in high density planting area of Bihar Agricultural College, Sabour, Bhagalpur, under the Department of Fruit & Fruit Technology. Twelve different treatments of K and Zn in a simple randomized block design were used. Various treatments showed significant effect on physiological, vegetative and yield parameters. The maximum leaf area (23.53cm2), total chlorophyll content (3.04mg/g), leaf relative water content (75.82%), specific leaf weight (0.0164g/cm2) were observed in T12 (K2O @500g +Zinc sulphate @200 g) whereas minimum in T1(control). The maximum increase in current season shoot length (13.22cm), canopy spread (64.17cm), trunk girth (1.93cm) and plant height (36.67cm) were also recorded in T12 (500g K2O and 200g ZnSO4) whereas minimum in control. The maximum number of fruits per tree was counted (92.67) in T8.

Fermentasi Produksi Asam Sitrat menggunakan Aspergillus Niger ATCC 16404 dengan Substrat Hidrolisat Cair Limbah Padat Industri Brem

Dregs of solid waste brem industry contained 12 percent of sugar and 10,8 percent of starch. Component contained in the dregs are expected to produce citric acid. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of static cultivation on the production of citric acid from liquid hydrolyzate brem waste by using Aspergillus niger. The experimental design used in this study was a simple randomized block design (RAK), which the static cultivations (0, 1, 2, 3 days) as a treatment. The results showed that the static cultivation treatment significantly affected the level of acidity (pH), total soluble solids, biomass, reducing sugar, calcium citrate, citric acid and yield. The static cultivation for 1 day was the best treatment to produce Ca-citrate which the production level was 3,84 ± 0,05 g/L. By the stoichiometry method the citric acid production could be calculated, which equal to 2,12 ± 0,03 g/L.
 Keywords: Aspergillus niger, dregs of brem, static cultivation, Ca-citrate, citric acid 

The application of biochar in improving the nutrition quality and production of sorghum plant

The current condition of agricultural land in Indonesia, both wetlands and highlands, have low organic matter. The role of biochar to increase crop productivity is influenced by the amount of biochar added. Sorghum is a plant that can be used from stems, leaves, and fruit as animal feed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the productivity and nutritional content of sorghum given biochar with different doses. This research is a one-factor experiment with the simple randomized block design. The treatments tested were biochar doses with 6 dose levels, namely: P0 (without biochar), P1 (3 ton ha-1), P2 (6 ton ha-1), P3 (9 ton ha-1), P4 (12 ton ha-1) and P5 (15 ton ha-1). Plant variables observed were the number of leaves and plant height, fresh forage production, dry matter production, and seed production per hectare, as well as the nutritional quality of sorghum such as crude protein, crude fiber, ash content, and dry matter content. The results showed that there was no significant effect on the variable number of leaves and plant height, crude protein, crude fiber, ash content, and forage, but significantly affected the variables of fresh forage production, dry matter production and grain yield per hectare. From this study, it can be concluded that the application of biochar dosage 9 ton ha-1 provides the best results for the production of fresh forage, dry material production and seed production per hectare.

Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk Organik Cair Daun Lamtoro terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Pakcoy (Brassica rapa l.) Varietas Nauli-F1

The research was conducted in Padasari Village, Cimalaka Sub-district, Sumedang District, from June to September 2018, located at an altitude of 600 m asl. The objective of experiment was to study the effect of dosage of lamtoro leaf organic fertilizer to growth and yield of Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) plant varieties Nauli-F1. The research was conducted by experimental approach through field experiment. The design used in the experiment was a simple randomized block design consisting of six treatments and four replications. The dose of liquid organic fertilizer treatment Lamtaro leaves consist of: A : 0 L Ha-1, B: 100 L Ha-1, C: 200 L Ha-1, D: 300 L Ha-1, E: 400 L Ha-1, and F: 500 L Ha-1. The result of experiment showed that the use of lamtoro liquid organic fertilizer gave a good effect on all observation variables. The dose of Lamtoro leaf organic fertilizer 500 L Ha-1 showed the best result an plant height, number of leaves, net weight per plant, net weight per plot, and the shoot root ratio.

Respon Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Cabai terhadap Aplikasi Pupuk Cair Organik dengan NPK pada Inceptisol Jatinangor

This study aimed to determine the effect of the application of liquid organic fertilizer (PCO) accompanied with Nitrogen-Phosphate-Pottasium (NPK) fertilizer towards the growth and yield of chili plants on Jatinangor Inceptisol. The study was conducted from September 2017 until January 2018 in the experimental field and Laboratory of Soil Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The experimental design used was simple Randomized Block Design consisted of 10 treatments. Each treatments were repeated 3 times with the treatment arrangement as follows; A: Control 0 PS + 0 NPK, B: 0 PCO + 1 NPK, C: 1 PCO + 0 NPK, D: 1 PCO + ¼ NPK, E: 1 PCO + ½ NPK, F: 1 PCO + ¾ NPK, G : 1 PCO + 1 NPK, H: ¼ PCO + ¾ NPK, I: ½ PCO + ¾ NPK and J: ¾ PCO + ¾ NPK. The results showed that the treatment with the highest yield was treatment F, which is 1 dose of PCO or 4 liters per ha of PCO together with a dose of NPK or 112.5 Urea, 150 SP-36 and 112.5 KCl yielded an average 333.76 grams of fruit per plant. Key word: Chili, NPK, PCO, Yield

Pemanfaatan Limbah Padat Sari Apel sebagai Bahan Baku Cuka Apel Menggunakan Metode Backslop

Solid wasted of apple cider containing a lot of compounds such as carbohydrates, glucose, malic acid, and flavonoids. The purpose of this research is to utilize the solid wasted of apple cider as the raw material of apple vinegar. The fermentation process of making apple vinegar in this research using the backstop method. This research consists of 2 steps of the fermentation process. The first step of fermentation using yeast to transform sugar into alcohol. Second step fermentation is a continuance of first step fermentation with the addition of apple vinegar backstop culture which contain Acetobacter aceti with density 4 x 107cfu / ml to transform alcohol to acetic acid. This research uses simple and factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). Fermentation phase I using simple RBD with the proportion of apple raw material (solid wasted of apple cider: apple) 100% : 0%; 75%: 25%; 50%: 50%; 25%: 75% as factor I. Fermentation phase II using factorial RBD with the combination of factor I and the addition of apple vinegar backstop with concentration 5%, 10%, and 15% as factor II. The results showed that during the first step fermentation process the raw material proportion of apple (solid wasted of apple cider: apple) affected total soluble solids, pH value, and alcohol content. Fermentation phase II showed an interaction between the proportion of the raw material of apple (apple cider waste: apple) and the addition of backstop apple vinegar concentration to total dissolved solids, alcohol content, acetic acid, except pH value. The best results showed treatment with apple material proportion (25% solid wasted of apple cider: 75% apple) and addition of apple vinegar backstop concentration 15 % produce 4.6 g / 100ml acetic acid, 4% soluble solids total, pH value of 3.4 and alcohol residue of 0% (v/v), with colorful organoleptic results quite appealing, the scent is sufficient, and preferences are favored by the panelists.

Pengaruh Organo-mineral Terhadap Beberapa Sifat Kimia Tanah dan Hasil Jagung pada Ultisol Jatinangor

The use of organic materials and minerals as fertilizer needs to be developed in order to increase agricultural productivity, especially in soils marginal that are widely distributed on the Indonesian. This study aims to determine the productivity of soil and corn plants by using various formulations of organo-mineral materials in the Ultisols Jatinangor. The experiment was conducted from April to November 2017 at Ciparanje Experimental Garden, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, using a simple randomized block design consisting of 10 treatments and replicated 3 times. The organo-mineral ingredients used consist of a combination of Humic Acid (6; 8; 10 kg/ha); Dolomites (100; 150; 200 kg/ha); Natural Phosphates (250; 300; 350 kg/ha); also Zeolites (150; 200; 250 kg/ha). The results showed that ameliorant combination had significant effects on soil pH, P-available, and Mn Total, also the yield of maize. Dosage of 8 kg/ha of Humid Acids + 200 kg/ha of Dolomites + 350 kg/ha of Natural Phosphates + 250 kg/ha Zeolite, has indicated better result based on variable experiment.Keywords: maize, organo-mineral, Humic acid, dolomite, phosphate, ultisols

Performance of Soybean Genotypes Selected on Shade Environment Under Rubber Stands

Research was aimed to evaluate performance of new genotypes of soybean selected in shaded environment under rubber stands and compare it with superior soybean varieties. Field experiment was arranged in a simple Randomized Block Design. Treatments comprised five levels namely four soybean genotypes selected in artificial shade and one shade tolerant superior soybean variety as a check. Each treatment was replicated 5 times. Experimental unit was a plot with size 3 m x 2 m with 100 plant population. Ten plants were used as samples. Observations were made on growth and yield variables. Such variables were plant height, number of branches, and stem diameter, while the observed yield variables included number of pod per plant, 100 seed weight, and seed weight of 10 plants. Observed data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance and continued by Duncan Multiple Range Test at α 5% level to compare the tested genotypes. Results showed that all the tested soybean genotypes gave the same performance with superior varieties of Anjasmoro in terms of stem diameter, number of branches, number of pods per plant, weight of 100 seeds, and seed weight of 10 stems of the plant. The difference was seen in of plant height where the selection genotypes were significantly shorter than Anjasmoro Variety.

Pengaruh Pupuk Kompos Kulit Buah Kakao Dan Pupuk Tablet Terhadap Produksi Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)

Cocoa is one of the estate crop whose role is quite important for the national economy, particularly as a provider of employment, income and foreign exchange. The high export opportunities of cocoa beans has not been followed by the production of cocoa beans in Indonesian. The production of dried cacao beans in Indonesia is still low. The low productivity of seeds generally caused by Cherelle wilt of cacao. Wilting occurs due to inability of the cherelle to compete with the other cherelle in absorbing nutrients. Fertilization is an effort to maintain and fulfill the nutrients in the plants. This research is aimed to assess the effect of fertilization using cocoa pod husk and NPK tablets fertilization on cocoa crop yields. This experiment was conducted at PT. PP. Bajabang Indonesia, Cipeundeuy, West Bandung regency from December 2016 to March 2017. The experiment was conducted using a Simple Randomized Block Design that consists 10 treatments: control, single N, P, K fertilizer 297 g/tree, cocoa pod husk 9 kg/tree, cocoa pod husk 9 kg/tree + single N, P, K fertilizer 297 g/tree, cocoa pod husk 18 kg/tree + single N, P, K fertilizer 297 g/tree, cocoa pod husk 9 kg/tree + NPK tablet fertilizer 20 tablets/tree, NPK tablet fertilizer 20 tablets/tree, cocoa pod husk 9 kg/tree + NPK tablet fertilizer 10 tablets/tree, cocoa pod husk 18 kg/tree + NPK tablet fertilizer 20 tablets/ tree, cocoa pod husk 18 kg/ tree + NPK tablet fertilizer 10 tablets/tree. The result of experiment showed that there was an influence of cocoa pod husk and NPK tablet fertilizer on cocoa fruit weight at 12 MSP, that is cocoa pod husk 9 kg/tree + NPK tablet fertilizer 20 tablets/tree. Number of cherelle wilted at 12 MSP with cocoa pod husk 9 kg/tree + NPK tablet fertilizer 20 tablets/tree.

Utilization of Gamma Radiation to Get Effective Lethal Dose for Short Leaders and Local Rice Cultivation (Ase Buluh) South Sulawesi

Ase Buluh from Bone Regency is local varieties that currently no longer encountered even almost extinct due to low production, high trunk and easy to fall, aged in, not, therefore, need to be assembled varieties. The purpose of this study was to induce local rice mutation of rice varieties (Ase Buluh) with gamma ray radiation to obtain Lethal Dosage of short and medium-grown local rice mutants. This study was designed using a simple Randomized Block Design (RAK) of one factor consisting of selected lethal dose of seven pretreatment treatments ie without radiation (R0) radiation with 50 GRY (R1), 100 GRY (R2), 200 GRY (R3), 300 GRY (R4), 350 GRY (R5) and radiation with 400 GRY (R6). Each treatment was replicated three times using 50 plants for each treatment. The results of this study obtained a lethal effective dose of gamma-ray radiation are 200 gray and 300 gray. The shortest mutant plant height is 300 gray that is 131 cm not significantly different with 200 gray that is 139 cm. Meanwhile, the number of most tillers obtained at a dose of 0 gray is 18 and is different with 200 gray and 300 grays. The length of panicle showed no significant difference from all treatment while the fastest flowering age at a dose of 300 Gray is 89 days, as well as the fastest harvest age and not significantly different dose 200,grays with 300 gray that is 140 and 141 days compared with 0 gray that is 160 days. Furthermore, it is expected to obtain also local rice mutants Ase Buluh which have an early age.

Manajemen Pemupukan N-P-K dengan Pupuk Hayati untuk Mempertahankan Kandungan N dan P Tanah serta Hasil Kedelai

One effort to increase the productivity of soybeans in Inceptisols Jatinangor is through utilize inoculant of soil microorganisms such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in the form of specific biofertilizer (SB) for soybean plant without leaving inorganic fertilizer as a source of available nutrients to plants. This research aimed to determine fertilization management of N-P-K and specific biofertilizer in retaining N and P availability and yield of soybean. The Research was conducted from April to July 2016, arranged in Simple Randomized Block Design (RBD) and consisted of 10 treatments. The combination of biofertilizer and N-P-K were as follows; A = control (without fertilizer), B = Standard N-P-K, C = 0 N-P-K + 1 SB , D = 1/4 N-P-K + 1 SB, E = 1/2 N-P-K + 1 SB, F = 3/4 N-P-K + 1 SB, G = 1 N-P-K + 1 SB, H = 3/4 + 1/4 SB, I = 3/4 N-P-K + 1/2 SB dan J = 3/4 N-P-K + 3/4 SB. The results showed a dose of N-P-K and biofertilizer was recommended in the treatment E (250 kg ha-1 SB) and 1/2 N-P-K (37.5-50-50 kg ha-1). The dose was able to increase nitrogen and phosphor content in soil and plant, also on yield of soybean up to 0.4 t ha-1 or 32% of a standard N-P-K.

Effect of foliar spray of micronutrient on plant growth character and yield of banana

ABSTRACT : The experiment was conducted by Agricultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Vellore district of Tamil Nadu during 2014-15 to study the effect of foliar spray of micronutrients on growth and yield parameter of banana. The investigation was carried out in simple Randomized Block Design with three replications and 12 treatments in the experimental field at Kavasampattu village, Vellore district. The uniform healthy 2 months old sword suckers of cv. POOVAN were planted in pit at a spacing of 2m x 2m after treating the Carbendazim. The nitrogen and potash were applied in 3 splits i.e. at 3,5 and 7th months after planting. The phosphorus was applied by basal. The micro-nutrients viz., Zn (0.5%), borax (0.1%), Fe (0.2%) and Cu (0.2%) were applied singly or in combination as foliar spray at 3, 5 and 7 th month after planting of suckers. Control plants were sprayed with water only. Recommended plant protection measures and cultural operations were made throughout the period of study. Observation on plant height, leaf number and flowering percentage were recorded at shooting. From the findings of the present investigation, the yield per hectare was significantly higher in high density population of plant height, number of leaves and flowering percentage with application of foliar spray of zinc (0.5 %) and boron (0.1%) followed by boron (0.1 %) and iron (0.2 %). It can be adopted for higher yield of banana.

Character association analysis in durum wheat (<italic>Triticum durum</italic> Desf.)

The present experiment has been designed to study the correlation and path coefficient analysis to identify the important character(s) for selection under different environmental conditions. The fifty durum wheat genotypes were grown in simple randomized block design experiment (RBD) as timely and late sowing for two years. The estimates of genotypic correlation coefficients were higher in magnitude than the estimates of phenotypic correlation coefficients for almost all the character combinations in all the environments. The grain yield showed significant and positive association with tiller number, biological yield and harvest index in all the environments; with plant height in E III and E IV; with days to maturity and 100 grain weight in E IV only. Path coefficient analysis identified biological yield and harvest index as most important characters which not only showed highest direct effect towards grain yield but almost all other character also showed indirect contribution towards grain yield <italic>via</italic> these two characters.

Integrated weed management practices in gladiolus and their effect on flowering, weed density and corm yield

An experiment was during Rabi (winter) season of 2014–15 to study on integrated weed management in gladiolus cv. Pusa Srijana. A set of 11 integrated weed management treatments laid out in simple randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that the number of monocot and dicot weeds, their fresh and dry weight was recorded maximum under control treatment, while these were least with the application of atrazine 0.75 kg/ha pre-emergence + carfentrazone @ 0.030 kg/ha post-emergence at 40 days after planting. The maximum vase life of spikes (10.3 day) was recorded with the application of pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha + metribuzin 0.3 kg/ha pre-emergence as compared to control (7.3 day). The yield of corms 89.48 q/ha & cormels and marketable spikes (1.43 lakh per ha), net profit (Rs. 3.48 lakh/ha) and benefit:cost ratio (1.99) was received maximum with the application of metribuzin 0.4 kg/ha pre-emergence + residue (dry grass 5.0 tonnes/ha) over control.

Response of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine Hydrochloride) in Improving Growth and Yield of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

A field experiment according to simple randomized block design was conducted with the aim to find out the effects of foliar spray of thiamine hydrochloride (vitamin B1) on growth, nutrient uptake and yield characteristics of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) variety (Var.) Varuna. The plants were sprayed with 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03 wt% thiamine hydrochloride solution and a spray of distilled water was also maintained as a control. Spraying was done in a single spray after 40 days of sowing (DAS) i.e., at flower initiation stage (Ansari, 1988). The growth parameters studied include plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, leaf area (LA), leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR) and uptake of N and P at different growth stages. Yield as well as its components such as number of pods per plant, 1000 seed weight, yield, biological yield, harvest index, oil content and oil yield were measured at harvest. In general spray of 0.03 wt% of thiamine hydrochloride solution was found to be the best in comparison to any other concentration of the treatment for most of the parameters studied. Growth parameters like plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, CGR, RGR and NAR showed significant results at the early stages of sampling (that is, 60–80 DAS). In case of LA and LAI, there was no significant difference between thiamine hydrochloride spray treatments. Thiamine hydrochloride solution at 0.03 wt% was found significantly best in case of nitrogen uptake at 60 and 80 DAS while in case of phosphorous uptake, 0.02% was statistically the best; however, it was at par with 0.03 wt% thiamine hydrochloride solution at 80 DAS. Different yield parameters like the pod number per plant, biological yield and seed yield as well as oil yield registered significant results. The results suggest that the performance of B. juncea L. var. Varuna can be improved by spraying the plants with aqueous thiamine hydrochloride solution. Thus, it was concluded that the spray of thiamine hydrochloride solution ensured better growth and yield.

Impact of integrated nutrient management on growth and flowering of gladiolus (Gladiolus hybrida) cv Novalux

The present investigation was carried out at Model Floriculture Centre, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, during 2010-11 and 2011-12. The experiment was conducted in simple Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications and twenty five treatments consisting of biofertilizers (Azotobacter, PSB and KSB), different levels of inorganic fertilizers, and their combinations. Application of 3/4th N, P and K+ Azotobacter +PSB + KSB (T24) was found most effective in enhancing plant height (112.84 cm), bud emergence (7.31 days), days taken to spike emergence (87.28 days), size of florets (10.22 cm), length of spikes (109.27 cm), rachis length (52.6 cm), chlorophyll content (70.98 SPAD), photosynthetic rate (17.73 μmol/m225). However, maximum number of leaves and days taken for opening of first floret were obtained when plants were fertilized with 3/4thN, P and K+ Azotobacter + PSB (T15). Maximum duration of flowering was obtained with application of 3/4th N, P and K+ Azotobacter + KSB (T18). Treatment 3/4th N, P and K+ PSB + KSB (T21) resulted in maximum stomatal conductance of spikes.

Salt-induced modulation in growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant system in two varieties of Brassica juncea

The present study was carried out to examine salt-induced modulation in growth, photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant system in two cultivars of Brassica juncea Czern and Coss varieties (Varuna and RH-30). The surface sterilized seeds of these varieties were sown in the soil amended with different levels (2.8, 4.2 or 5.6dsm−1) of sodium chloride under a simple randomized block design. The salt treatment significantly decreased growth, net photosynthetic rate and its related attributes, chlorophyll fluorescence, SPAD value of chlorophyll, leaf carbonic anhydrase activity and leaf water potential, whereas electrolyte leakage, proline content, and activity of catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes increased in both the varieties at 30d stage of growth. The variety Varuna was found more resistant than RH-30 to the salt stress and possessed higher values for growth, photosynthetic attributes and antioxidant enzymes. Out of the graded concentrations (2.8, 4.2 or 5.6dsm−1) of sodium chloride, 2.8sm−1 was least toxic and 5.6dsm−1 was most harmful. The variation in the responses of these two varieties to salt stress is attributed to their differential photosynthetic traits, SPAD chlorophyll value and antioxidant capacity, which can be used as potential markers for screening mustard plants for salt tolerance.

Triacontanol-mediated regulation of growth and other physiological attributes, active constituents and yield of Mentha arvensis L.

Triacontanol (TRIA) has been realized as a potent plant growth promoting substance for a number of agricultural and horticultural crops. Out of a large number of essential oil bearing plants, mint (Mentha arvensis L.) constitutes the most important source of therapeutic agents used in the alternative systems of medicine. The mint plant has marvelous medicinal properties. In view of enhancing growth, yield and quality of this medicinally important plant, a pot experiment was conducted according to simple randomized block design. The experiment was aimed at studying the effect of four concentrations of TRIA (10−0, 10−7, 10−6 and 10−5 M) on the performance of mint with regard to growth and other physiological attributes, crop yield and quality attributes and the yield and contents of active constituents of the plant. The growth and other physiological parameters as well as yield and quality attributes were studied at 100 and 120 DAP. The foliar application of TRIA at 10−6 M concentration significantly enhanced most of the growth and other physiological attributes, crop herbage yield and the yield and content of active constituents (menthol, l-methone, isomenthone and menthyl acetate) of mint at both the stages. However, the next higher concentration of TRIA (10−5 M) exhibited slightly negative effect and did not further increase the values of the attributes studied, but it proved significantly better than the control. Application of TRIA significantly enhanced the yield and content of all the active constituents determined by GLC technique.

Effect of Combined Use of Organic and Inorganic Sources of Nutrients on Sunflower Yield, Soil Fertility, and Overall Soil Quality in Rainfed Alfisol

To study the response of inorganic and organic nitrogen (N) sources both alone and in conjunction and their influence on soil quality, a field experiment was conducted during kharif and rabi seasons using sunflower (MSFH‐8) as test crop. The experimental site soil was Typic Haplustalf situated at Hayatnagar Research Farm of Central Research Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, India, at 17° 18′ N latitude, 78° 36′ E longitude. The experiment design was a simple randomized block design with 11 treatments replicated four times. Among all the treatments, vermicompost (VC)+Fert at 25+25 kg N ha−1 recorded the highest grain yields of 1878 and 2160 kg ha−1 during both kharif and rabi seasons, respectively, which were 43.9 and 85.1% higher than their respective control plots. Apparent N recovery varied from as little as 38.30% (FYM at 50 kg N ha−1) to 62.16 (25 kg N ha−1) during kharif and 49.65 (75 kg ha−1) to 83.28% (VC+Fert at 25+25 kg N ha−1) during rabi season. Conjunctive nutrient treatments proved quite superior to other set of treatments in improving the uptake of N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), and micronutrients in sunflower and their buildup in the soil. Highest relative soil quality indexes (RSQI) were observed under VC+Fert at 25+25 kg N ha−1 (1.00) followed by VC+Gly at 25+25 kg N ha−1 (0.87). Considering the yield and relative soil quality indices (RSQI), conjunctive applications of VC with either inorganic fertilizer, FYM, or Gly at 25+25 kg N ha−1 could be a successful and sustainable soil nutrient management practice in semi‐arid tropical Alfisols. Besides this, the fertilizer N demand could be reduced up to 50%.

The effect of the joint violation of two assumptions on the size of theF-test under permutation for the randomized block design

The present study attempts to explain the problem encountered by Baker and Collier (1968) of a “humping” of empirical size of F t under permutation for the simple randomized block design for combined levels of variance heterogeneity and block-treatment interaction. Values of comcted nominal size were calculated with the degrees of freedom corrected by two methods: one to correct for variance heterogeneity alone and another to correct for the change in variance heterogeneity induced by the block-treatment interaction. The second method yielded nominal values of size which showed the best agreement with empirical values of size having the “humping” but did not exactly duplicate the peculiar pattern.