Simple Procedure Research Articles

Kinetic study of the reduction reaction of red mud and CO under fluidization condition

AbstractPyrometallurgical method of iron recovery from red mud (RM) has advantages of simple procedures, high recovery efficiency and significant waste minimization. The fluidization reduction process using CO as reductant addresses the issues of high energy consumption and long reaction time of pyrometallurgical method. In order to optimize the operational conditions of the fluidization reduction process, it is necessary to study the reaction characteristics of RM and CO under fluidization condition. In response to the problems of the current kinetic study including the unsatisfied fluidization condition and possible errors introduced by the estimation method, we carried out improvements in both experiment and data processing. In the experiment aspect, thermo‐gravimetric analyzer (TGA) test rig with large sample capacity and gas flow was established, and approximate fluidization condition was achieved by intensifying diffusion by increasing the gas flow rate and decreasing the sample mass. In the data processing aspect, we developed a program with data cleaning and kinetic function fitting capabilities, and the goodness of fit was evaluated by Akaike information criterion (AIC). The results indicated that within the temperature range of 500–600°C and CO concentrations of 5%–15%, the reaction between RM and CO can be divided into two steps based on the criterion of complete formation of Fe3O4. The first step reaction has a relatively fast reaction rate, conforming to the F1 kinetic function with rate equation given as . The second step reaction displays a more complex pattern and the fitted rate equation is . The obtained results could provide a reliable reference for the operational design of the fluidization reduction of RM.

Insertion Multi-Parachute Suturing and Knotting (IMS-K) Technique for Aortic Surgery.

Successful surgical interventions for aortic surgery, such as hemiarch repair and total arch replacement, pivot on the foundation of optimal anastomosis. We propose an alternative approach to anastomosis. The "insertion multi-parachute suturing and knotting" (IMS-K) technique entails the deployment of two parachute sutures, which can be effectively employed for both proximal and distal anastomoses. The first suture is applied loosely to the posterior half of the anastomosis and subsequently parachuted down, tightening the suture with a nerve hook. The second suture replicates the procedure in the anterior half of the anastomosis, loosely securing it in a similar manner and tightening it with a nerve hook at the end. As a result, the artificial graft is completely inserted into the aorta with a substantial grip. This technique simplifies the aortic anastomosis by ensuring procedural simplicity while minimizing bleeding risk, thus potentially advancing surgical outcomes.

Simple and Cost-Effective Quantum Dot Chemodosimeter for Visual Detection of Biothiols in Human Blood Serum.

An emission "turn-off" chemodosimeter for the naked-eye detection of biothiols using silica-overcoated cadmium selenide quantum dots is developed. Hole scavenging by the thiol group of cysteine, homocysteine, or glutathione on interaction with quantum dots resulted in an instant and permanent emission quenching under physiologically relevant conditions. Also, the emission suppression is so specific that thiols and substituted thiols (methionine and cystine) can easily be distinguished. A pilot experiment for the visual detection of serum thiols in human blood was also conducted. Densitometry analysis proved the potential of this system as a new methodology in clinical chemistry and research laboratories for routine blood and urine analyses using a simple procedure. This method enables one to visually distinguish biothiols and oxidized biothiols, whose ratio plays a crucial role in maintaining "redox thiol status" in the blood.

SB‐2 cationic resin: an efficient and reusable organocatalyst for the synthesis of α‐aminophosphonates, DFT calculations and, computer aided design in antifungal activity

AbstractSB‐2 cationic resin has been employed as an unexpected and reusable heterogeneous organocatalyst in multicomponents reaction for the synthesis of the α‐aminophosphonates derivatives that act as antifungal agents, this reaction proceeds under eco‐friendly and simple procedure by condensation in one pot of substituted aromatic aldehydes, anilines and diethylphosphite. Excellent isolated product yields are obtained (up to 70 %) for (4 a–o) within shorter reaction times in solvent‐free condition. The synthesized compounds were determined by spectroscopic analyses such as: NMR (1H, 13C and 31P), IR and HRMS.Molecular geometries, electronic properties, stability and reactivity such as: HOMO/LUMO, , dipole moment (6.1308<D<10.5829), electronegativity (2.3490<X<3.5892), electrophilicity (1.1046<ω<3.2185) and the calculated thermodynamic descriptors (Zero‐point Energies, Enthalpy and Gibbs Free Energy) of four trimethoxy α‐aminophosphonates derivatives (4 j, 4 k, 4 l and 4 m) were carried by DFT at B3LYP 6‐31G (d, p) basis set. Computer aided design by molecular docking of studied compounds revealed a good binding energy against 5HS1 receptor to be considered as antifungal candidates and compared with Voriconazole. In additionally, druglikeness parameters of selected compounds were found through in silico pharmacological ADME/T properties estimation.

Towards the Efficiency of Modern International Financial Institutions: Systemic Methodological Approach

Subject. The variety of international financial institutions (IFIs) that regulate international monetary, credit and financial relations (IMCFR) raises the question of assessing the effectiveness of their activities and the degree of influence on financial stability in the global financial market. Objectives. Based on the categorization of MFIs and a systematic approach to assessing the degree of their mutual influence on the IMCFO system and the global economic system, develop criteria for assessing the effectiveness of MFIs in terms of achieving their statutory goals and ensuring financial stability. Methods. Dialectical methods, the method of system analysis, the method of analysis and synthesis, and the didactic method were used. Results. MFIs are divided into 3 groups according to the taxonomy of influence on ensuring financial stability; within the framework of a systems approach, direct and reverse channels of influence of MFIs of 3 groups on each other and on the IMCFO system and the world economy, the economy as a whole, are analyzed. The criteria for assessing the effectiveness of IFIs are substantiated, including: assessing the degree of influence of IFIs on the composition of economic relations in the IMF; the relationship between the international competence of the institution in regulating the International Monetary Fund and the availability of the necessary powers and financial resources to solve the assigned tasks; simplicity and ease of procedure for allocating the necessary resources to mitigate financial shocks in the IMF and solve short-term problems with the balance of payments. Conclusions. Based on reasonable efficiency criteria, the growing importance of type 2 and type 3 MFIs is recorded, with a certain degradation of “classical” type 1 MFIs and segmentation of regulatory contours to the level of regional associations and professional communities.

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics.

Organic solar cells are a promising candidate for practical use because of their low material cost and simple production procedures. The challenge is selecting materials with the right properties and how they interrelate in the context of manufacturing the device. This paper presents studies on CdSe/ZnS nanodots as dopants in a polymer-fullerene matrix for application in organic solar cells. An assembly of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and 6,6-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester was used as the active reference layer. Absorption and luminescence spectra as well as the dispersion relations of refractive indices and extinction coefficient were investigated. The morphologies of the thin films were studied with atomic force microscopy. The chemical boundaries of the ternary layers were determined by Raman spectroscopy. Based on UPS studies, the energy diagram of the potential devices was determined. The resistivity of the layers was determined using impedance spectroscopy. Simulations (General-Purpose Photovoltaic Device Model) showed a performance improvement in the cells with quantum dots of 0.36-1.45% compared to those without quantum dots.

The effectiveness of microcurrent neurofeedback on depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and quality of life.

The world faces a mental health crisis with elevated rates of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress, leaving a profound impact on daily quality of life (QOL). Current treatments show varying degrees of efficacy and carry burdensome challenges. Evidence exists for use of an innovative neurotechnology to reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the science is lacking for use in the general population. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the effects of microcurrent neurofeedback on depression, anxiety, PTSD symptoms, and QOL in adults. This was a one-group, exploratory pilot study that tested outcomes of depression, anxiety, PTSD risk, suicide risk, and QOL in 20 adults using convenience sampling. IASIS microcurrent neurofeedback (I-MCN) was the intervention that was delivered twice a week for 10 weeks; data collection was baseline, 5 weeks, and 10 weeks. Depression, anxiety, PTSD risk, and QOL improved significantly by the 10th and 20th session; suicidal risk showed nonsignificant reduction. Use of a more feasible interventional procedure established a foundation for use in clinical settings for the population. Using a more simpler procedure than what was used in a previous study reflected positive outcomes earlier and sustained over 10 weeks. This safe and effective technology carries rare but easily overcome adverse effects and could be an alternative to existing treatments or treatment-resistant conditions. Advanced practice nurses can apply the evidence to reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Randomized controlled trials and testing on diverse populations are needed.

Abstract 61: The Effect of Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Stroke Subtypes: A Subgroup Analysis From the RESIST Trial

Introduction: Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a simple and non-invasive procedure that has proved safe and feasible in numerous smaller clinical trials. Still, mixed results have been found in recent large randomized controlled trials. Here we present a predefined subgroup analysis of the RESIST trial on the effect of RIC in subgroups of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and whether this effect is modified by adherence to RIC. Methods: The subgroups were defined as large artery atherosclerotic disease (LAA), small vessel disease (SVD), cardioembolic, and unknown/other/multiple/rare, and were based on ICD-10 discharge diagnoses assigned by the treating physician to define stroke etiology. Acceptable treatment adherence was defined as at least 80% received out of planned cycles. The outcome analysis used the entire range (‘shift analysis’) of the 90-day modified Rankin Scale score (ordinal logistic regression). ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT03481777. Results: A total of 902 patients were included in the target population group, 466 in the sham group, and 436 in the RIC group. RIC did not significantly improve functional outcome in adherent patients with LAA, cardioembolic or multiple/unknown etiologies. In SVD patients (n=94), with good treatment adherence, RIC treatment was associated with a significantly improved 90-day functional outcome, unadjusted OR (95% CI): 2.47 (1.01-6.02), p= 0.047. In patients with SVD, 4 patients (8%) in the RIC group compared to 0 patients in the sham group had atrial fibrillation (AF), p=0.050. The association remained significant after adjusting for AF, adjusted OR (95% CI): 2.64 (1.07-6.54), p= 0.035. Conclusions: In patients with AIS due to SVD, who had good treatment adherence, RIC treatment was associated with improved functional outcome at 90 days. These results are encouraging but should only be hypothesis-generating for future studies.

Effect of Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Ischemic Stroke Subtypes: A Post Hoc Subgroup Analysis From the RESIST Trial.

Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a simple and noninvasive procedure that has proved to be safe and feasible in numerous smaller clinical trials. Mixed results have been found in recent large randomized controlled trials. This is a post hoc subgroup analysis of the RESIST trial (Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Patients With Acute Stroke), investigating the effect of RIC in different acute ischemic stroke etiologies, and whether an effect was modified by treatment adherence. Eligible patients were adults (aged ≥18 years), independent in activities of daily living, who had prehospital stroke symptoms with a duration of less than 4 hours. They were randomized to RIC or sham. The RIC treatment protocol consisted of 5 cycles with 5 minutes of cuff inflation alternating with 5 minutes with a deflated cuff. Acceptable treatment adherence was defined as when at least 80% of planned RIC cycles were received. The analysis was performed using the entire range (shift analysis) of the modified Rankin Scale (ordinal logistic regression). A total of 698 had acute ischemic stroke, 253 (36%) were women, and the median (interquartile range) age was 73 (63-80) years. Median (interquartile range) overall adherence to RIC/sham was 91% (68%-100%). In patients with a stroke due to cerebral small vessel disease, who were adherent to treatment, RIC was associated with improved functional outcome, and the odds ratio for a shift to a lower score on the modified Rankin Scale was 2.54 (1.03-6.25); P=0.042. The association remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders. No significant associations were found with other stroke etiologies, and the overall test for interaction was not statistically significant (χ2, 4.33, P=0.23). In patients with acute ischemic stroke due to cerebral small vessel disease, who maintained good treatment adherence, RIC was associated with improved functional outcomes at 90 days. These results should only serve as a hypothesis-generating for future trials. URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03481777.

Synthesis of allomaltol containing terarylenes with imidazole N-oxides bridge fragment

Method for the synthesis of previously unknown imidazole N-oxides bearing allomaltol unit has been elaborated. The presented approach is based on multicomponent condensation of corresponding oximes containing aroyl and 3-hydroxypyran-4-one fragments with various aldehydes and amines. The advantages of considered method are easily available starting compounds, atom economy, simple experimental procedure including isolation of the final products without column chromatography. The synthetic utility of prepared N-oxides was demonstrated by its further conversion to corresponding 2-chloroimidazole and 2-phenylaminoimidazole derivatives.

Abstract A009: Targeting Structural Variants (DNA palindromes) in plasma cell-free DNA for Liquid Biopsy-based Cancer Detection

Abstract We aim to expand the utilities of our genome-wide detection method of chromosomal structural aberrations (structural variants, SVs) for blood-based cancer detection (liquid biopsy). SVs, such as genomic amplification, are prevalent DNA abnormalities and define tumor phenotypes. With cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma, a genome-wide assay for SVs seems feasible for cancer detection. However, most current tests probe a part of the genome for cancer gene mutations and differential DNA methylation. Considering liquid biopsy's promise in clinics, approaches targeting SVs must be considered and developed. The low tumor fraction in plasma cfDNA is a major obstacle to developing liquid biopsy-based tests. Targeted assays overcome low signals by ultra-deep NGS, yet deep sequencing for the entire genome for SV detection would be costly and computationally challenging. In this regard, we have an established approach for enriching SVs (DNA palindromes or inverted repeats, also called fold-back inversions) from total genomic DNA to determine their frequency and genomic locations by sequencing (genome-wide analysis of palindrome formation, GAPF-seq). DNA palindromes arise from common events of genome instability, such as illegitimate repair of DNA double-strand breaks and telomere-telomere fusions, as an early step of genomic amplification. Therefore, a technique to identify DNA palindromes could serve as a tumor DNA detection test across tumor types, including breast cancer. The simple GAPF-seq procedure confers advantages over other methods because it simultaneously amplifies the target signal and reduces background noise. GAPF-seq exploits the inherent propensity of denatured DNA palindromes to form double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) by intra-molecular annealing. Genomic DNA will be denatured and quickly renatured to enrich DNA palindromes to favor intra-molecular annealing. Single-strand-specific nuclease S1 will eliminate the remaining single-stranded, non-palindromic DNA. The dsDNA from palindromes will be amplified by the process of preparing libraries for NGS, by which DNA palindromes appear as coverage peaks in the genome. As a proof-of-concept, we examined the read coverage of nearly 3 million 1-kb bins from low coverage NGS GAPF-seq data for 39 breast paired tumor/normal DNA. We found that the chromosomal distribution of the top 1000 high-coverage bins (GAPF profiles) could effectively differentiate breast tumor DNA, including all stage I tumor DNA, from paired normal DNA (AUROC=0.9885). Automated, three-fold cross-validation with machine learning (ML) algorithms from the STREAMLINE platform confirmed the highly accurate binary classification by GAPF profiles. The same approach was applied for 15 cfDNA from breast cancer patients and effectively differentiated cancer patients' cfDNA from healthy individuals' cfDNA (AUROC=0.900). These results support the potential of GAPF-seq as a unique, SV-targeting liquid biopsy approach for breast cancer. Citation Format: Fumie Igari, Hisashi Tanaka, Michael M Murata, Mitsue Saito, Armando E Giuliano. Targeting Structural Variants (DNA palindromes) in plasma cell-free DNA for Liquid Biopsy-based Cancer Detection [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Advances in Breast Cancer Research; 2023 Oct 19-22; San Diego, California. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(3 Suppl_1):Abstract nr A009.

Untoward outcomes of successful chronic subdural hematoma evacuation, cortical blindness and brain stem stroke: A Case series

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most commonly encountered emergencies in neurosurgery practice. Burr hole with drainage of hematoma has been a time-tested standard treatment with good results and in itself a simple procedure to relieve patient clinical status. However, apparently simple surgery may at times have an unexpected surgical outcome of bilateral vision loss. All bilateral CSDHs should be treated diligently with early recognition of any visual deterioration in post-operative phase if any and due to possible interventions to be offered to the patients for prevention of permanent vision loss.

Homogeneous Unit Sliding Mode Control

The methodology of the unit sliding mode control design (known since 1970s) for linear systems is revised based on the concept of the generalized homogeneity. The restriction about a consistency of the number of control inputs with the dimension of the sliding surface is eliminated. A simple procedure of control parameters tuning based on a known maximal magnitude of matched perturbations is developed. To deal with perturbations of unknown magnitude, a homogeneous sliding mode control with integral action is designed as well. The theoretical results are supported by numerical simulations.

Multicomponent Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Spiroheterocycles using Bio-organic Catalyst in Aqueous Medium

Background: MCRs are one of the most significant tools in the synthesis of organic compounds. MCR is a rapid chemical technique that uses three or more reactants to produce products that sustain all structural and substructural properties of the initial components. MCRs are useful in all fields of synthetic chemistry because of their rapid rate of reaction, simple procedure and excellent yields. We reported an efficient and environmentally friendly domino approach for the synthesis of spiroheterocycles spiro annulated with indeno[1,2-b]quinoline. background: The spirooxindole scaffold has a significant structural role in several bioactive organic substances and pharmaceuticals like spirotryprostatin A and B, coerulescine, pteropodine horsfiline, alstonisine, elacomine, and rhynchophylline.5 Spiro heterocycle molecules, which have two rings that share a sp3 carbon atom, are key frameworks in pharmaceutical chemistry. They can be found in a wide range of both organic and synthetic materials as well as have several properties because of the rigidity and complexity of their structural design. Furthermore, spiroxindole is used as a key component in numerous medicines such as anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and inhibitors of the human NK-1 receptor Method: The spiroheterocycles with privileged heterocyclic substructures have been synthesized using taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) as a green, sustainable, bio-organic and recyclable catalyst in a three-component reaction of isatins, 1,3-diketones, and 1-napthylamine in aqueous media. The present synthetic method is probably the first report to synthesize spiroheterocycles, spiroannulated with indeno[1,2-b]quinoline. Furthermore, the approach is valuable because of the excellent yield that results from the reaction in 15-20 min. Result: The optimization of reaction conditions is an important case of efficient synthesis. The solvent, temperature, time and catalyst loading were all examined. The reusability of the catalyst was also investigated experimentally. The used catalyst taurine has a high activity as well as good reusability. The present synthetic protocol will be extended to synthesise a library of hybrid compounds. The present synthetic approach is cost-effective, and time-efficient with an easy-workup methodology that gives outstanding yields (80–95%) in 15–20 min. Conclusion: Taurine-catalyzed multicomponent reaction is a novel and efficient method for the synthesis of spiroannulated indeno[1,2-b]quinolines. The high catalytic activity of taurine as a catalyst with water as a green solvent makes the process environmentally friendly. The special features of the synthetic protocol include synthetic efficiency, operational simplicity, and reusability of the catalyst and it is expected to make significant contributions not only to drug discovery studies but also to pharmaceutical and therapeutic chemistry in view of introducing molecular diversity in the synthesized molecules. result: The current synthetic technique has various distinct characteristics, including simple procedure, high atom economy, mild reaction conditions and significant synthetic efficiency. The current synthesis method has been proposed to have contributed to the first report on the synthesis of spiroheterocycles with such a novel combination of preferred heterocycles employing taurine as a green bio-organic, reusable and easily recyclable catalyst. The benefits of this method include beneficial conditions in the environment, excellent purity that may be achieved without the need for column chromatography, and a reusable catalyst.

Multifunctional HKUST-1-3D-printed device for the simultaneous extraction of hydrocarbons and dyes from water

Herein, we report a MOF polymer coating and in-situ growth mixed strategy to fabricate a multifunctional floating 3D printed device for simultaneous hydrocarbon and dye removal. Due to the superhydrophobic properties (water contact angle = 151o) of the upper part of the device, it was applied for the removal of oil from water, obtaining excellent separation efficiency (from 90 to 98.6 %) for n-hexane, decane, dodecane and hexadecane. In addition, this part of the device showed excellent reusability, maintaining its separation efficiency of hexane/water above 95 % with a relative standard deviation of 1.0 % after 25 consecutive extraction cycles. The lower part of the multifunctional device, coated with HKUST-1 synthesized by in-situ growth, was tested for methylene blue dye removal, demonstrating fast kinetics adsorption (percentage of removal higher than 90 % in 2 h) due to the combination of electrostatic and π-π interactions between HKUST-1 and the dye. Furthermore, this 3D support showed high versatility, exceeding a 92 % extraction capacity for various dyes (malachite green, crystal violet and methyl violet), with the advantage of being easily regenerated several times by a simple regrowth procedure. Finally, the complete 3D-modified device was tested for the simultaneous extraction of hydrocarbons and dyes from real groundwater sample with excellent results.

Cheap and efficient strategy for photocatalytic degradation of ionic liquids by La/Ce-codoped TiO2@PAM composites.

Ionic liquids are regarded as green solvents mainly due to their non-volatile and easy regeneration and recycling properties. However, ionic liquids have negative effects on the environment and human health, especially alkyl imidazole ionic liquids are more toxic than traditional organic solutions. Studies on the toxicology, ecotoxicology, and degradation of ionic liquids are rarely found in the literature. Here, we prepared the cheap La and Ce-codoped TiO2@PAM (polyacrylamide) composite microspheres with a simple procedure for the first time to degrade three kinds of imidazole ionic liquids with high efficiency. The experimental results show that the composite La (0.25%) and Ce (0.15%)-codoped TiO2@PAM composite microspheres with calcination temperature of 450 °C had a high photocatalytic activity for 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-hexyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, and 1-octyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate with the concentration of 10 mg/L. The photocatalysis degradation extent of the three ionic liquids is 97.4, 91.2, and 88.5% at 90 min. This work opened a new route for the simple preparation of cheap composite microspheres in the photocatalytic degradation of ionic liquids with a high efficiency.

An effective protocol for isolation and culture of mesenchymal stem cells from mouse bone marrow

Bone marrow is known as the main source of isolated mesenchymal stem cells. This study has demonstrated a protocol for isolation and culture of mesenchymal stem cells from mouse bone marrow (mBM) with minimal requirement. The cells were harvested from the tibias and femurs, and then cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum. The mBM-MSCs were isolated by media changing every 8 hours in 24 hours of culture and sub-culture. Target cells subsequently were regconized by adipogenic differentiaton posibility. The study also focused on descript a simple procedure to culture BM-MSCs and the results obtained following the procedure

Pre‐equilibrium Approximation for Analysis of Chemical Kinetics in Chromatography: Application to Reversed‐Phase On‐column Kinetics of Decomposition of Murexide

AbstractA kinetic process can sometimes be observed during a chromatographic separation. The chemical reaction is coupled with the rapid distribution of the reacting compounds between the mobile and stationary phases. The use of the pre‐equilibrium approximation enables the derivation of the rate law for the chemical reaction(s) taking place in the mobile and/or stationary phase. A simple procedure is proposed for writing down this rate equation. It can be applied to any on‐column reaction, whether reversible or irreversible. For first‐ or pseudo‐first‐order kinetics, integration of the rate equation gives an exponential function of concentration with respect to time. To demonstrate the application of the proposed method, the kinetics of the decomposition of murexide in a reversed‐phase C8 column was studied. Murexide decomposes through a fast reversible protonation process to give purpuric acid, which then decomposes irreversibly. The stopped‐flow HPLC technique was used to obtain the entire kinetic profile for the on‐column reaction. Additionally, the kinetics was measured off‐column using the same mobile phase. The values of the kinetic parameters obtained from the batch experiments enabled the determination of all kinetic parameters of the on‐column reaction using non‐linear least squares fitting of the derived rate equation.

Hi-Tag: a simple and efficient method for identifying protein-mediated long-range chromatin interactions with low cell numbers.

Protein-mediated chromatin interactions can be revealed by coupling proximity-based ligation with chromatin immunoprecipitation. However, these techniques require complex experimental procedures and millions of cells per experiment, which limits their widespread application in life science research. Here, we develop a novel method, Hi-Tag, that identifies high-resolution, long-range chromatin interactions through transposase tagmentation and chromatin proximity ligation (with a phosphorothioate-modified linker). Hi-Tag can be implemented using as few as 100,000 cells, involving simple experimental procedures that can be completed within 1.5 days. Meanwhile, Hi-Tag is capable of using its own data to identify the binding sites of specific proteins, based on which, it can acquire accurate interaction information. Our results suggest that Hi-Tag has great potential for advancing chromatin interaction studies, particularly in the context of limited cell availability.

Oscillations through a barrier tunneling potential for a particle in a central potential (double potential well)

In some molecules such as ammonia, double vibrations are observed at small energies. These small vibrations are thought to arise from double well potentials. To explain these small energy gaps, double potential wells are investigated, and complex calculations are made. Until recently, since the exact solution of the Schrödinger equation was not known, approximate solutions were always obtained. The exact solution of the Schrödinger equation is now known. In previous studies, a simple procedure for the general solution of the radial Schrödinger Equation has been found for spherical symmetric potentials without making any approximation. In this article, the Schrodinger equation was solved with this new solution method. It has been applied to the oscillations through a barrier tunneling potential for a particle in a central quadratic deformed potential well (double potential well). It is seen that there is no need to look for complex potentials to explain the double wells observed in small vibrations in ammonia and similar molecules, they were compared with experimentally measured energies. The results were found to be fully compatible. It has been seen that there can always be double well potentials at small energies for all molecules, atomic nuclei, and similar particles with angular momentum other than zero.