Simple Method For Construction Research Articles

サークルエリアカルトグラムの新作成手法

Area cartograms are transformed maps that display data of regions using map area. Since their construction and usage have some difficulties, their simplified form, circle area cartogram, has been proposed. Circle area cartograms omit to represent the shapes and contiguity of regions, and consequently achieve their simple construction method. The simplicity in their construction makes them popular, as some statistical software has adopted them as one of data visualization options. However, their previous solution sometimes outputs cartograms that are difficult to read, since it does not necessarily retain the geographical distribution of regions. Then we propose a new construction method of circle area cartogram that preserves geographical distributions of regions and creates readable cartograms, and show some examples of applications.

The reconstruction of an analytic string from two spectra

We would like to introduce a new method to solve the inverse spectral problem associated with the string. We show that we can recover the first 2n Taylor coefficients of the density of an analytic string from the knowledge of 2n eigenvalues. This provides an alternative method to the well-known M G Krein's continued fraction algorithm. Our algorithm is fast since it amounts to solving a sequence of 2 by 2 linear systems. We prove that the approximations converge to the exact solution provided a condition on the density of the string holds. This brings about a new and simple constructive method in the inverse spectral theory of the string.

Generator polynomials of characteristic ideal of maximal periodic arrays over Galois rings

In [Maximal periodic two-dimensional arrays over Galois rings, preprint, 2000, submitted for publication] we obtain a trace expression for maximal periodic two-dimensional arrays over Galois rings. In this paper, based on the trace expression, we deduce a complete characterization for the generator polynomials of the characteristic ideal of maximal periodic arrays. This characterization explicitly gives a simple polynomial construction method for such characteristic ideals.

First Total Synthesis of Leucamide A.

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

First Total Synthesis of Leucamide A

The first total synthesis of marine bioactive cyclic heptapeptide Leucamide A has been accomplished, including a simple method for construction of the 4,2-bisheterocycle tandem pair substructure that employs a DAST-mediated cyclization of beta-hydroxy amide and final HBTU-promoted ring closing.

A simple PDMS-based electro-fluidic interface for microchip electrophoretic separations.

High voltage electrodes for electrophoresis have been integrated into a polymer layer that can be reversibly bound to glass microchips for electrophoretic separations. By using the liquid precursor to the polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), platinum electrodes and reservoirs can be positioned prior to solidification, providing a simple and flexible method for electrode interface construction. Field strengths up to 875 V cm(-1) over an 8 cm separation channel can be applied to the system without any loss in performance of the interface. The interface can function as an electro-fluidic interface between the high voltage power supply and the separation channel and, when reversibly sealed to an etched glass plate, functions as a cover plate establishing a hybrid PDMS-glass microchip in which the electrodes are directly integrated onto the device. The versatility of this approach is not only demonstrated by separating DNA fragments in a novel buffer sieving matrix, but also with the molecular diagnostic analysis of a variety of DNA samples for Duschenne Muscular Dystrophy and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, using both microchip interface configurations.

A simple method for construction of an articulating antibiotic-loaded cement spacer

A 2-stage exchange protocol has been used widely in North America for management of infected total hip arthroplasties. Many surgeons choose to use an antibiotic-loaded cement spacer in the interval before reimplantation of the final prosthesis. We propose a simple technique for the construction of an articulating antibiotic-loaded spacer for use as part of 2-stage exchange protocol for the treatment of infected total hip arthroplasties. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

An efficient algorithm to generate binary sequences for cryptographic purposes

In this work, a simple constructive method is developed for enlarging known families of filtered sequences with given period and large linear complexity. The procedure does not impose any constraint on the number of maximum-order terms in the filter, the order of the filter nor the number of stages in the linear feedback shift register.

A study on wavelet data compression of a real-time monitoring system for large hydraulic machines

The general concept of data compression consists in removing the redundancy existing in data to find a more compact representation. This paper is concerned with a new method of compression using thesecond generation wavelets based on thelifting scheme, which is a simple but powerful wavelet construction method. It has been proved by its successful application to a real-time monitoring system of large hydraulic machines that it is a promising compression method.

Generalized one-electron spin functions and self-similarity measures

A simple method for construction of eigenfunctions of one-electron spin angular momentum operators from products of the primitive one-electron spin functions is presented. Properties of these functions and their applications to the evaluation of some integrals met in theory of quantum similarity are briefly discussed.

How to Construct a Logarithmic Rosette (Without Even Knowing it)

Paul Calter explains what a logarithmic rosette is and gives some examples of their occurrence in pavements. Then he gives a simple construction method which is totally geometric and requires no calculation. He then proves that it gives a logarithmic rosette, with the exception that the spirals are made up of straight-line segments rather than curved ones.

Exact simultaneous confidence bands for a collection of univariate polynomials in regression analysis.

We discuss a simple simulation method for construction of exact confidence bands, having a pre-assigned confidence level simultaneously for several regression functions which are univariate polynomials in the predictors. This is accomplished by combining and extending existing results in a manner that permits both finite and infinite ranges for individual predictor variables. We illustrate the method for a logistic regression model with both dichotomous and continuous predictors.

General method for plasmid construction using homologous recombination.

We describe a general method for plasmid assembly that uses yeast and extends beyond yeast-specific research applications. This technology exploits the homologous recombination, double-stranded break repair pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to join DNA fragments. Synthetic, double-stranded "recombination linkers" were used to "subclone" a DNA fragment into a plasmid with > 80% efficiency. Quantitative data on the influence of DNA concentration and overlap length on the efficiency of recombination are presented. Using a simple procedure, plasmids were shuttled from yeast into E. coli for subsequent screening and large-scale plasmid preps. This simple method for plasmid construction has several advantages. (i) It bypasses the need for extensive PCR amplification and for purification, modification and/or ligation techniques routinely used for plasmid constructions. (ii) The method does not rely on available restriction sites, thus fragment and vector DNA can be joined within any DNA sequence. This enables the use of multifunctional cloning vectors for protein expression in mammalian cells, other yeast species, E. coli and other expression systems as discussed. (iii) Finally, the technology exploits yeast strains, plasmids and microbial techniques that are inexpensive and readily available.

Finite dimensional filters for nonlinear stochastic difference equations with multiplicative noises

We consider the filtering problem for partially observable stochastic processes {X n,Y n} n∈ N , solutions to systems of stochastic difference equations. In the first part of the paper we shall present a simple constructive method to obtain finite dimensional filters in discrete time. Then, applying some well-known results, mainly on the product of independent positive random variables, we shall present new finite dimensional filters and interpret some known results in a more general setting.

Recombination-mediated PCR-directed plasmid construction in vivo in yeast.

We have extended the technique of PCR-directed recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to develop a simple method for plasmid or gene construction in the absence of suitable restriction sites. The DNA to be cloned is PCR-amplified with 30-40 bp of homology to a linearized yeast plasmid. Co-transformation into yeast results in homologous recombination at a position directed by the PCR oligonucleotides.

Simple string construction method for tailored edge-ray concentrators in maximum-flux solar energy collectors

We show how tailored edge-ray concentrators in two-stage solar collectors that can closely approach the thermodynamic limit to concentration can be constructed with a simple method of strings. The procedure is illustrated for parabolic and Fresnel primary reflectors. The string-construction method is based on the edge-ray principle of nonimaging optics, is a generalization of Fermat's principle, and had been developed for the generation of earlier ideal nonimaging concentrators. The string method can supplant the more time-consuming procedure of numerical solution of the reflector governing differential equation.

Constructive learning of recurrent neural networks: limitations of recurrent cascade correlation and a simple solution

It is often difficult to predict the optimal neural network size for a particular application. Constructive or destructive methods that add or subtract neurons, layers, connections, etc. might offer a solution to this problem. We prove that one method, recurrent cascade correlation, due to its topology, has fundamental limitations in representation and thus in its learning capabilities. It cannot represent with monotone (i.e., sigmoid) and hard-threshold activation functions certain finite state automata. We give a "preliminary" approach on how to get around these limitations by devising a simple constructive training method that adds neurons during training while still preserving the powerful fully-recurrent structure. We illustrate this approach by simulations which learn many examples of regular grammars that the recurrent cascade correlation method is unable to learn.

A simple and reliable method for construction of parallel multibarrel microelectrodes

A modification to the method of construction of parallel or “piggy-back” electrodes for extracellular single-unit recording combined with iontophoresis is described that facilitates the alignment of the two components of the array. The method involves the use of an orthogonal viewing device (a pair of mirrors mounted symmetrically at 45° to the horizontal), which produces a pair of virtual images of the electrode components that can be viewed with a microscope. A slight displacement between the electrodes is easily detected as an uneven separation between the electrode images. The positions of the electrode components are adjusted until there is no visible separation of the electrodes or their virtual images.

A simple multiple beam lo coupler for SIS heterodyne arrays

The construction of SIS heterodyne imaging arrays for submillimetre wave-lengths requires multiple coupling of the local oscillator signal. The quasi-optical analogue of a multiple cross-guide coupler, employing 45° beam-splitters successively stacked along the local oscillator beam, allows for individual adjustment of local oscillator power to each channel. We analyse the coupling as a function of the focal ratio of the incident beams and the number of beam widths off-axis through which the coupler is extended, and describe a simple construction method to realise a compact and effective design.

Construction of regular, single-replicate, two-factor designs

Abstract The existence and construction of regular, single-replicate, two-factor designs with specified numbers of degrees of freedom confounded from each factorial space is investigated. Regularity is an important property since it ensures that the estimable contrasts belonging to the factorial spaces span the space of estimable contrasts in the design, and no information is wasted on estimating unimportant contrasts. The general existence problem is reduced to easily verifiable number theoretic conditions and a simple construction method is given. The problem of constructing regular designs which minimize the loss of information on the interaction is considered. It is shown that the minimization can be achieved within the class of single-replicate generalized cyclic designs. An algorithm is given for the more difficult problem of constructing designs which minimize the confounding of the main effects at the expense of the interaction.