Simple Method For Construction Research Articles

A New Method for EEG-Based Concealed Information Test

Forensic electroencephalogram (EEG)-based lie detection has recently begun using the concealed information test (CIT) as a potentially more robust alternative to the classical comparative questions test. The main problem with using CIT is that it requires an objective and fast decision algorithm under the constraint of limited available information. In this study, we developed a simple and feasible hierarchical knowledge base construction and test method for efficient concealed information detection based on objective EEG measures. We describe how a hierarchical feature space was formed and which level of the feature space was sufficient to accurately predict concealed information from the raw EEG signal in a short time. A total of 11 subjects went through an autobiographical paradigm test. A high accuracy of 95.23% in recognizing concealed information with a single EEG electrode within about 20 seconds demonstrates effectiveness of the method.

A simple and effective method for RNA isolation and cDNA library construction from the brown seaweed Sargassum polycystum (Fucales, Phaeophyceae)

The isolation of high-quality RNA from brown seaweeds has always been problematic due to a high content of polyphenolic compounds and polysaccharides in their tissues. This study presents a simple and effective method for isolating high-quality RNA from the brown seaweeds Sargassum (Sargassum polycystum, Sargassum siliquosum, Sargassum baccularia, and Sargassum binderi), Padina tetrastromatica, Turbinaria conoides, Dictyota sp., and Hormophysa cuneiformis using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and selective lithium chloride precipitation. Approximately 25–43 μg g−1 fresh weight of total RNA was obtained from these brown algae. The A 260/A 280 absorbance ratio of these RNA samples are between 1.995 ± 0.027 and 2.122 ± 0.013, with distinct 28S and 18S ribosomal RNA bands visible on a formaldehyde agarose gel. The RNA obtained from S. polycystum was found to be suitable for many downstream applications such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, cloning, synthesis of cDNA, and construction of cDNA library for the generation of expressed sequence tags.

An ID-Based Short Group Signature Scheme

A new ID-based group signature scheme, in which group managers and group members are all ID-based, is presented in this paper. Our scheme is obtained by using a new way to the construction of group signature schemes and based on an ID-based signature scheme from bilinear pairing. Due to the nice and simple constructive method and the sound properties of bilinear pairing, it is shown that the proposed scheme is very simple and practical and has the advantages of concurrent join, immediate revocation, easy tracing and short signature length. The security analysis is also under the formal security notion of an ID-based group signature scheme.

A novel LTCC electrochemical cell construction and characterization: a detection compartment for portable devices

In this work we described for the first time the construction of a 25 μL electrochemical cell from low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) material and carbon screen-printed electrode applicable in portable devices. Firstly, a carbon screen-printed electrode was prepared and characterized by cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy. Afterwards carbon polymeric film and metal pastes were dropped into the LTCC cell cavities in order to determine the device electrodes, and this arrangement was also electrochemically characterized. The great advantage of this promising device is the simple construction method and its widespread applicability in reusable portable devices.

Design Curve Construction Based on Tolerance Limit Concept

Design curves, such as fatigue design S-N curves, are usually constructed by analyzing test data, which often exhibit large scatter. There are several methods available to construct a design curve and some of these methods, with varying degrees of conservativeness, accuracy, and simplicity, have been adopted by engineering standards, codes and guidelines, such as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Code. However, to meet increasing engineering demands, a simplified and user-friendly engineering method with rigorous mathematical and physical basis is still urgently needed to accurately manage the margin of safety and decrease the cost. In this paper, the current engineering practices for constructing a design curve are briefly reviewed, followed by the introduction of the tolerance limit concept because of its ability to relate the design curve well to sample size, failure probability, and confidence level. Recognizing the physical unsoundness of the hyperbolic shape of the design curves constructed with the Owen's tolerance limit approach, a new simple design curve construction method is developed based on the “equal partition principle.” Finally, the predicted results from various methods are compared and the advantage of the new method is demonstrated with several worked examples.

Multiplexed Illumina sequencing libraries from picogram quantities of DNA

BackgroundHigh throughput sequencing is frequently used to discover the location of regulatory interactions on chromatin. However, techniques that enrich DNA where regulatory activity takes place, such as chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), often yield less DNA than optimal for sequencing library preparation. Existing protocols for picogram-scale libraries require concomitant fragmentation of DNA, pre-amplification, or long overnight steps.ResultsWe report a simple and fast library construction method that produces libraries from sub-nanogram quantities of DNA. This protocol yields conventional libraries with barcodes suitable for multiplexed sample analysis on the Illumina platform. We demonstrate the utility of this method by constructing a ChIP-seq library from 100 pg of ChIP DNA that demonstrates equivalent genomic coverage of target regions to a library produced from a larger scale experiment.ConclusionsApplication of this method allows whole genome studies from samples where material or yields are limiting.

Capturing chloroplast variation for molecular ecology studies: a simple next generation sequencing approach applied to a rainforest tree.

BackgroundWith high quantity and quality data production and low cost, next generation sequencing has the potential to provide new opportunities for plant phylogeographic studies on single and multiple species. Here we present an approach for in silicio chloroplast DNA assembly and single nucleotide polymorphism detection from short-read shotgun sequencing. The approach is simple and effective and can be implemented using standard bioinformatic tools.ResultsThe chloroplast genome of Toona ciliata (Meliaceae), 159,514 base pairs long, was assembled from shotgun sequencing on the Illumina platform using de novo assembly of contigs. To evaluate its practicality, value and quality, we compared the short read assembly with an assembly completed using 454 data obtained after chloroplast DNA isolation. Sanger sequence verifications indicated that the Illumina dataset outperformed the longer read 454 data. Pooling of several individuals during preparation of the shotgun library enabled detection of informative chloroplast SNP markers. Following validation, we used the identified SNPs for a preliminary phylogeographic study of T. ciliata in Australia and to confirm low diversity across the distribution.ConclusionsOur approach provides a simple method for construction of whole chloroplast genomes from shotgun sequencing of whole genomic DNA using short-read data and no available closely related reference genome (e.g. from the same species or genus). The high coverage of Illumina sequence data also renders this method appropriate for multiplexing and SNP discovery and therefore a useful approach for landscape level studies of evolutionary ecology.

The Application of Three Dimensional Drainage Flexible and Ecological Reinforced Construction in High-Speed Railway Station Roadbed

This paper introduced a new type of retaining structure in roadbed of a high-speed railway Station--Three dimensional Drainage Flexible and Ecological Reinforced Earth Retaining Wall. Both side efforts of this structure have taken into account in lope protection and environmental protection, so it can be promoted in high-speed railway construction. Its main advantages included: ecology, environment protection, simple construction method, the better adaptability to differential settlement, the better stability, and so on. This type of retaining structure mainly composed by geogrid, ecological bags, tying belts, connecting buckle, etc. In the construction should pay attention to the technical requirements of the laying of geogrid, the stacking of the eco-bags and placing of connecting buckle and so on. This paper discussed briefly of the type structure from its advantages, its compositions and its construction key points

Skew linear recurring sequences of maximal period over galois rings

Let p be a prime number, and R = GR(q d , p d) be a Galois ring of q d = p rd elements and of characteristic p d. Denote by S = GR(q nd , p d) a Galois extension of the ring R of dimension n and by Š the ring of all linear transformations of the module R S. We call a sequence v over the ring S with the law of recursion$$ {\mathrm{for}\ \mathrm{all}\ }i \in {\mathbb{N}_0}:v\left( {i + m} \right) = {\psi_{m - 1}}\left( {v\left( {i + m - 1} \right)} \right) + \cdots + {\psi_0}\left( {v(i)} \right),\quad {\psi_0}, \ldots, {\psi_{m - 1}} \in \textit{\v{S}} $$(i.e., a linear recurring sequence of order m over the module Š S) a skew LRS over S. It is known that the period T(v) of such a sequence satisfies the inequality T(v) ≤ τ = (q nm −1)p d−1. If T(v) = τ , then we call v a skew LRS of maximal period (a skew MP LRS) over S. A new general characterization of skew MP LRS in terms of coordinate sequences corresponding to some basis of a free module R S is given. A simple constructive method of building a big enough class of skew MP LRS is stated, and it is proved that the linear complexity of some of them (the rank of the linear recurring sequence) over the module S S is equal to mn, i.e., to the linear complexity over the module R S.

Research, Application and Promotion of New Isolation Layer

The paper centers on research, application and promotion of a new seismic isolation layer technology, whose study achievement includes reinforced-asphalt seismic isolation layer and reinforced-asphalt seismic level isolation pier. The experimental results show that the proposed technology shares excellent seismic isolation performance, and provides low-cost expenditure and simple construction method, which is most suitable to vast rural areas’ building in China, and it can also be implemented to the third world countries. The reinforced-asphalt isolation layer technology has been applied to engineering practice, which is the first building adapting the new technology. Meanwhile, experimental testing is carried out on it, which suggests a superior damping effect. The proposed level isolation pier technology simplifies utilization of civil buildings in rural areas.

A fast solution to NGS library preparation with low nanogram DNA input

Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) has significantly impacted human genetics, enabling a comprehensive characterization of the human genome as well as a better understanding of many genomic abnormalities. By delivering massive DNA sequences at unprecedented speed and cost, NGS promises to make personalized medicine a reality in the foreseeable future. To date, library construction with clinical samples has been a challenge, primarily due to the limited quantities of sample DNA available. Our objective here was to overcome this challenge by developing NEBNext® Ultra DNA Library Prep Kit, a fast library preparation method. Specifically, we streamlined the workflow utilizing novel NEBNext reagents and adaptors, including a new DNA polymerase that has been optimized to minimize GC bias. As a result of this work, we have developed a simple method for library construction from an amount of DNA as low as 5 ng, which can be used for both intact and fragmented DNA. Moreover, the workflow is compatible with multiple NGS platforms.

Crack Analysis and Node Design Improvements for Polystyrene Outer Insulation System

As a new composite wall system, because of advanced structure, excellent polystyrene insulation board, insulation effect, light weight, the simple and flexible construction method and well adaptability, polystyrene insulation board thin coating of exterior wall thermal insulation technology is widely used in China. In practical applications, thermal bridges and the board surface cracks that caused by improper handling of deformation joints and detailed structure are the main problem of the technology. In this paper, many problems are analyzed such as the crack causes, the plates overlap and the node structure treatment, and also corresponding solutions are proposed.

A simple method for construction of pir + Enterobacterial hosts for maintenance of R6K replicon plasmids

BackgroundThe R6K replicon is one of the best studied bacterial plasmid replicons. Replication of the R6K plasmid and derivatives harboring its γ origin of replication (oriR6Kγ) is dependent on the pir gene-encoded π protein. Originally encoded by R6K, this protein is usually provided in trans in hosts engineered to support replication of plasmids harboring oriR6Kγ. In Escherichia coli this is commonly achieved by chromosomal integration of pir either via lysogenization with a λpir phage or homologous recombination at a pre-determined locus.FindingsCurrent methods for construction of host strains for oriR6Kγ-containing plasmids involve procedures that do not allow selection for presence of the pir gene and require cumbersome and time-consuming screening steps. In this study, we established a mini-Tn7-based method for rapid and reliable construction of pir+ host strains. Using a curable mini-Tn7 delivery plasmid, pir expressing derivatives of several commonly used E. coli cloning and mobilizer strains were isolated using both the wild-type pir+ gene as well as the copy-up pir-116 allele. In addition, we isolated pir+ and pir-116 expressing derivatives of a clinical isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. In both E. coli and S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, the presence of the pir+ wild-type or pir-116 alleles allowed the replication of oriR6Kγ-containing plasmids.ConclusionsA mini-Tn7 system was employed for rapid and reliable engineering of E. coli and S. enterica serovar Typhimurium host strains for plasmids containing oriR6Kγ. Since mini-Tn7 elements transpose in most, if not all, Gram negative bacteria, we anticipate that with relatively minor modifications this newly established method will for the first time allow engineering of other bacterial species to enable replication of plasmids with oriR6Kγ.

Reference genome-independent assessment of mutation density using restriction enzyme-phased sequencing.

BackgroundThe availability of low cost sequencing has spurred its application to discovery and typing of variation, including variation induced by mutagenesis. Mutation discovery is challenging as it requires a substantial amount of sequencing and analysis to detect very rare changes and distinguish them from noise. Also challenging are the cases when the organism of interest has not been sequenced or is highly divergent from the reference.ResultsWe describe the development of a simple method for reduced representation sequencing. Input DNA was digested with a single restriction enzyme and ligated to Y adapters modified to contain a sequence barcode and to provide a compatible overhang for ligation. We demonstrated the efficiency of this method at SNP discovery using rice and arabidopsis. To test its suitability for the discovery of very rare SNP, one control and three mutagenized rice individuals (1, 5 and 10 mM sodium azide) were used to prepare genomic libraries for Illumina sequencers by ligating barcoded adapters to NlaIII restriction sites. For genome-dependent discovery 15-30 million of 80 base reads per individual were aligned to the reference sequence achieving individual sequencing coverage from 7 to 15×. We identified high-confidence base changes by comparing sequences across individuals and identified instances consistent with mutations, i.e. changes that were found in a single treated individual and were solely GC to AT transitions. For genome-independent discovery 70-mers were extracted from the sequence of the control individual and single-copy sequence was identified by comparing the 70-mers across samples to evaluate copy number and variation. This de novo "genome" was used to align the reads and identify mutations as above. Covering approximately 1/5 of the 380 Mb genome of rice we detected mutation densities ranging from 0.6 to 4 per Mb of diploid DNA depending on the mutagenic treatment.ConclusionsThe combination of a simple and cost-effective library construction method, with Illumina sequencing, and the use of a bioinformatic pipeline allows practical SNP discovery regardless of whether a genomic reference is available.

General nonextremal rotating charged AdS black holes in five-dimensional [formula omitted] gauged supergravity: A simple construction method

With the help of a generalized form of the metric ansatz found for the single-charge case in a previous work [S.Q. Wu, Phys. Rev. D 83 (2011) 121502(R)], I adopt a simple algorithm to construct the most general nonextremal rotating charged black hole solutions in five-dimensional U(1)3 gauged supergravity. The general solution that is interesting for testing the AdS5/CFT4 correspondence in M-theory, is characterized by its mass, two unequal rotation parameters, three different U(1) charges, and a negative cosmological constant. The metric ansatz is very universal and illuminative, it is not only especially suitable for constructing solutions with multiple different electric charges in (un)gauged supergravities, but also for other dilatonic gravity theory.

Decompositions of trigonometric polynomials with applications to multivariate subdivision schemes

We study multivariate trigonometric polynomials satisfying the sum-rule conditions of a certain order. Based on the polyphase representation of these polynomials relative to a general dilation matrix, we develop a simple constructive method for a special type of decomposition of such polynomials. These decompositions are of interest in the analysis of convergence and smoothness of multivariate subdivision schemes associated with general dilation matrices. The approach presented in this paper leads directly to constructive algorithms, and is an alternative to the analysis of multivariate subdivision schemes in terms of the joint spectral radius of certain operators. Our convergence results apply to arbitrary dilation matrices, while the smoothness results are limited to two classes of dilation matrices.

A New Approach to Group Signature Schemes

This paper presents a new approach to group signature schemes. The advantage of this approach is that it provides a concurrent join and fast revocation to group members. Using this method, Based on the famous BLS signature scheme from bilinear pairings, we put forward a new group signature scheme. Due to the simple constructive method and the sound properties of bilinear pairings, it is shown that our scheme is very efficient. The proposed scheme is dynamic and has the advantages of short signature length. We analyze our scheme using the formal security notion of a dynamic group signature scheme and show that it satisfies the security properties of correctness, anonymity, traceability and Non-frameability.

Feller Processes: The Next Generation in Modeling. Brownian Motion, Lévy Processes and Beyond

We present a simple construction method for Feller processes and a framework for the generation of sample paths of Feller processes. The construction is based on state space dependent mixing of Lévy processes. Brownian Motion is one of the most frequently used continuous time Markov processes in applications. In recent years also Lévy processes, of which Brownian Motion is a special case, have become increasingly popular. Lévy processes are spatially homogeneous, but empirical data often suggest the use of spatially inhomogeneous processes. Thus it seems necessary to go to the next level of generalization: Feller processes. These include Lévy processes and in particular Brownian motion as special cases but allow spatial inhomogeneities. Many properties of Feller processes are known, but proving the very existence is, in general, very technical. Moreover, an applicable framework for the generation of sample paths of a Feller process was missing. We explain, with practitioners in mind, how to overcome both of these obstacles. In particular our simulation technique allows to apply Monte Carlo methods to Feller processes.

Aspects of hybrid pattern definition while combining thermal nanoimprint with optical lithography

Thermal nanoimprint (T-NIL) is uniquely suitable for combinational lithography because it proceeds without cross-linking and does not rely on changes in properties of the imprint material. Most typical are combinations with other lithography techniques. Combinations with optical lithography may help to circumvent the pattern size dependence of nanoimprint and help to remove the residual layer by a simple development step. This work focuses on a hybrid processing combining T-NIL with optical lithography by using a single resist layer. Critical issues are the imprintability of typical photoresists and the fact that lithography has to be performed over a prepatterned topography. A well-known positive tone photoresist, AZ 1500, is compared with a previously investigated negative tone resist, SU-8. Gel permeation chromatography reveals typical differences of these photoresists compared to typical imprint polymers. The results demonstrate that molecular mobility is a more important indicator for viscosity of photoresists than molecular weight. Additionally, a simple construction method was found to allow prediction of features typically encountered during hybrid patterning.

A fused system of sensing and communication with hetero‐core spliced fiber optic sensors

AbstractWe have developed an optical fiber network combining communication and sensing using a hetero‐core spliced fiber optic sensor inserted into an existing communication line. The measurement uses the Internet infrastructure effectively, and the sensitivity characteristic by wavelength of the measurement was examined. In addition, six binary switch modules and one displacement sensor module using the hetero‐core spliced fiber optic sensor were inserted into an actual communication line, and the influence on the communication was examined. The hetero‐core spliced fiber optic sensor showed the characteristic of loss only. When the sensor is inserted into the communication line, if the loss can be controlled to within tolerance to the wavelength of 1.31 μm of the communication line, a measurement function can be added to the communication line by a comparatively simple construction method. In addition, we realized a multiple binary switch measurement in real‐time basis with tandem connection by simple addressing algorithm. The binary switches can be applied to a home security system to monitor the state of doors opening and closing. We have successfully fabricated and demonstrated the binary switch sensing system in tandem connection consisting of three binary switches using the proposed method. 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 173(3): 40–48, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ eej.21021