Simple Concept Research Articles

Penerapan Pembelajaran Sains Untuk Anak Usia Dini Dengan di RA Masyithoh Sudagaran

In early childhood education, 6 aspects of development must be developed, namely language, physical motor, cognitive, religious and moral values, art, and every child already has potential that must be developed. This research aims to determine the application of early childhood science learning using experimental methods at RA Masyithoh Sudagaran. The research method used is qualitative descriptive. By being directly involved in learning and data obtained from observations, interviews, observations, teacher discussions and documentation sourced from RA Masyithoh Sudagaran Sapuran. Collected data from which conclusions can be drawn. In this discussion the teacher must prepare the methods, tools and materials that will be used and before that the teacher carries out experiments first so that they can be an example for the children. The results of the research show that the use of experimental methods in science learning at RA Masyithoh Sudagaran Sauran, Wonosobo Regency can improve children’s ability to understand simple science concepts such as mixing colors, make children more active, build children’s interest and increase children’s motivation toward science learning, as well as knowledge and creative thinking.

A Facile Synthesis of Bimetallic Copper-Silver Nanocomposite and Their Application in Ascorbic Acid Detection

Background:: An important antioxidant, ascorbic acid, must be detected in several industrial samples collected from food, pharmaceuticals, and water treatment plants. Herein, we reported a method to produce a bimetallic copper-silver (Cu-Ag) nanocomposite and used it in the development of very sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for the detection of ascorbic acid. Methods:: A simple chemistry concept was used during the synthesis process to reduce the cost while minimizing the use of dangerous chemicals and minimizing the environmental impact. The Strobilanthes kunthiana leaves extract effectively reduced the copper and silver ions, resulting in the creation of an extremely stable and evenly distributed Cu-Ag nanocomposite. Results:: As-prepared bimetallic Cu-Ag nanocomposite exhibited outstanding electrochemical activity against ascorbic acid oxidation. The nanocomposite was examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), elemental mapping (EMap) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) to ascertain its composition, structure, and stability. Using cyclic voltammetry (CV), the electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite and also the detection of ascorbic acid were carried out. The bimetallic Cu-Ag nanocomposite also exhibited better long-term stability and fouling resistance, making it appropriate for use in real-world applications and complex sample matrices. Conclusion:: The bimetallic Cu-Ag nanocomposite coated electrode was used to detect the concentration of ascorbic acid by amperometry. As a result, this study offered a simple chemical method for creating a bimetallic copper-silver nanocomposite with superior electrochemical qualities for the accurate detection of ascorbic acid. conclusion: Its potential use as an electrochemical sensor for the detection of ascorbic acid opens doors for a variety of industries, including biological diagnostics, judging the quality of food, and environmental monitoring. As a result, this study offers a green method for creating a bimetallic copper-silver nanocomposite with superior electrochemical qualities for the accurate detection of ascorbic acid. The created nanocomposite has a lot of potential for improving ascorbic acid detection methods while upholding sustainable material synthesis. other: NA

In-situ grown nickel iron bimetal organic frameworks from activated Ni foam for efficient energy storage and electrocatalysis: Study of metal ratio and nickel precursor effects

Ex-situ fabrication of electroactive electrodes encounters serious peeling off problems. Nickel foam (NF) shows promise as conductive substrate of electroactive electrodes due to high surface area, porosity and conductivity. To broaden NF applications and enhance attachments, applying in-situ growth for establishing efficient active materials on NF is necessary. In this study, nickel iron bimetal organic frameworks (NiFeMOF) are firstly synthesized from activated NF as electroactive electrodes for energy storage and electrocatalysis. Metal ratio and nickel precursor effects are studied to elucidate growing mechanism of electroactive materials. The optimal NiFeMOF/NF presents the highest specific capacitance (CF) of 2017.9 F/g at 20 mV/s, while MOF/NF electrodes prepared with only Ni and Fe respectively show smaller CF values of 622.1 and 1121.8 F/g. The superior electrocatalytic ability is achieved by NiFeMOF/NF. Inclusion of additional Ni salts is necessary for synthesizing Ni-MOF on NF with improved energy storage ability, but that prepared without addition of Ni salt exhibits better electrocatalytic ability. Trade-off between electrochemical surface area and electrical conductivity is proved as crucial factor in designing electroactive materials for energy storage and electrocatalytic water splitting. This study brings novel insights into establishment of effective electroactive materials for electrochemical systems using simple concepts and techniques.

Development of Four-Tier Instrument at First Intermediate Level Chemistry Concepts

Chemical concepts are tiered from simple to complex. If misconceptions occur in simple concepts, they can cause misconceptions in complex concepts. The four-tier instrument is a tool for detecting misconceptions. This research aims to develop and describe the validity and reliability of a four-tier instrument on junior secondary-level chemistry concepts. This development research consists of 6 procedures: (1) concept mapping, (2) testing, (3) defining unscientific concepts, (4) developing four-tier instrument prototypes, (5) validating four-tier instrument prototypes, and (6) finalization of four-tier instruments. The developed four-tier instrument consists of 27 questions that measure chemistry concepts at the junior intermediate level. The instrument received an expert validation score of 92.81% with very valid criteria. The test results on 30 samples showed a reliability value based on a Cronbach alpha score of 0.713 with good criteria. The four-tier instrument on lower secondary level chemistry concepts meets the validity and reliability requirements so that it can be used to diagnose misconceptions on lower secondary level chemistry concepts.

Composite MAX phase/MXene/Ni electrodes with a porous 3D structure for hydrogen evolution and energy storage application.

MXenes, a family of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, have been discovered as exciting candidates for various energy storage and conversion applications, including green hydrogen production by water splitting. Today, these materials mostly remain interesting objects for in-depth fundamental studies and scientific curiosity due to issues related to their preparation and environmental stability, limiting potential industrial applications. This work proposes a simple and inexpensive concept of composite electrodes composed of molybdenum- and titanium-containing MAX phases and MXene as functional materials. The concept is based on the modification of the initial MAX phase by the addition of metallic Ni, tuning Al- and carbon content and synthesis conditions, followed by fluoride-free etching under alkaline conditions. The proposed methodology allows producing a composite electrode with a well-developed 3D porous MAX phase-based structure acting as a support for electrocatalytic species, including MXene, and possessing good mechanical integrity. Electrochemical tests have shown a high electrochemical activity of such electrodes towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), combined with a relatively high areal capacitance (up to 10 F cm-2).

Kausalitas dalam Sains dan Teologi: Perbandingan Pandangan Mu’tazilah dan Asyariyah

The Mu'tazilites believed in deterministic causality explained by human reason. Humans have freedom and are responsible for their actions. Ashariyah, on the other hand, believes in occasional causality controlled by God's will. Events in the universe are not connected and only happen because of God's will. Modern science, with its developments, shows that causality is not a simple concept. From classical physics to quantum physics, understanding of causality continues to evolve and challenge traditional thinking. The meeting point between theology and modern science lies in the question of God's role in the universe. Theologians' questions about miracles and divine intervention parallel physicists' questions about cause-and-effect relationships and the behavior of objects. This journal concludes that causality is a complex and multidimensional concept that requires understanding from various perspectives, including theology and science.

McTaggart’s Paradox and Philosophy of Time

Asking “What is time?” can be both a simple and a profound question. In this article we intend to introduce the reader to the philosophy of time. To do so, we will deal with McTaggart's paradox. By explaining it and introducing the basic concepts to understand it, we will be able to get an idea of what this branch of philosophy is all about. The main intention of this article is not to explain anything new but to clarify the background of a debate by explaining its roots. By taking a deep dive into the concept of time, we will see that it is not a simple concept at all.
 In any subsequent possible definition with regards to concepts such time for education or time for ethics, a logical clarification of what time is important and will color all further predication of the concept of time. Considering the impact of digital transformation in our lives in general, and in education in particular, a philosophy of time brings major elements such as paradoxes, which are not of practical character but important for the semantic of the words, such as “duration”, “temporal position” of events, etc.

Edukasi Peran Orang Tua Terhadap Anak Dalam Penggunaan Media Sosial Sebagai Bentuk Persiapan Menghadapi Revolusi Industri 5.0

Era of technological advancement, technical ideas can start from simple concepts and transform into large businesses that impact millions of people. This is different from the past when ideas only emerged in laboratories. Technological progress has infiltrated many aspects of human life, including education, sales, shopping, entertainment, and even media consumption. An illustrative example is the use of smartphones to access social networks, which can sometimes be challenging to control, especially among children today. The Community Service Program (PKM) aims to provide understanding, awareness, and education on the crucial role of parents in guiding children's use of social networks as preparation for the Industry 5.0 revolution. This initiative involves collaboration with village officials, community leaders, and digital experts. Using methods such as lectures, discussions, and Q&A sessions, the workshop utilizes presentations and video demonstrations to highlight AI threats. After the material presentation, interaction and prize distribution commend participation in the PKM. The research results indicate enthusiastic responses from the Kertajaya Village community, reflecting their willingness to actively monitor smartphone and social media usage in the future, especially concerning children. This reflects a promising step toward increased awareness and public education about the impact of technological advancements.

Focused categorization power of ontologies: General framework and study on simple existential concept expressions

When reusing existing ontologies for publishing a dataset in RDF (or developing a new ontology), preference may be given to those providing extensive subcategorization for important classes (denoted as focus classes). The subcategories may consist not only of named classes but also of compound class expressions. We define the notion of focused categorization power of a given ontology, with respect to a focus class and a concept expression language, as the (estimated) weighted count of the categories that can be built from the ontology’s signature, conform to the language, and are subsumed by the focus class. For the sake of tractable initial experiments we then formulate a restricted concept expression language based on existential restrictions, and heuristically map it to syntactic patterns over ontology axioms (so-called FCE patterns). The characteristics of the chosen concept expression language and associated FCE patterns are investigated using three different empirical sources derived from ontology collections: first, the concept expression pattern frequency in class definitions; second, the occurrence of FCE patterns in the Tbox of ontologies; and last, for class expressions generated from the Tbox of ontologies (through the FCE patterns); their ‘meaningfulness’ was assessed by different groups of users, yielding a ‘quality ordering’ of the concept expression patterns. The complementary analyses are then compared and summarized. To allow for further experimentation, a web-based prototype was also implemented, which covers the whole process of ontology reuse from keyword-based ontology search through the FCP computation to the selection of ontologies and their enrichment with new concepts built from compound expressions.

How to define climate justice

AbstractThe article argues that we need a concrete, simple, well‐justified, and global concept for climate justice, and then suggests such a concept. It starts with the abstract idea that nobody should use more than what provides others, both those living now and in the future, with the same opportunity to live on a sustainable planet. This idea is then made concrete by the use of the concept of a global hectare, which is further transformed into the currency of climate dollars in order to establish a clear understanding of what constitutes fair and sustainable behavior. The suggestion is defended against a long list of objections.

Local but not global graph theoretic measures of semantic networks generalize across tasks.

"Dogs" are connected to "cats" in our minds, and "backyard" to "outdoors." Does the structure of this semantic knowledge differ across people? Network-based approaches are a popular representational scheme for thinking about how relations between different concepts are organized. Recent research uses graph theoretic analyses to examine individual differences in semantic networks for simple concepts and how they relate to other higher-level cognitive processes, such as creativity. However, it remains ambiguous whether individual differences captured via network analyses reflect true differences in measures of the structure of semantic knowledge, or differences in how people strategically approach semantic relatedness tasks. To test this, we examine the reliability of local and global metrics of semantic networks for simple concepts across different semantic relatedness tasks. In four experiments, we find that both weighted and unweighted graph theoretic representations reliably capture individual differences in local measures of semantic networks (e.g., how related pot is to pan versus lion). In contrast, we find that metrics of global structural properties of semantic networks, such as the average clustering coefficient and shortest path length, are less robust across tasks and may not provide reliable individual difference measures of how people represent simple concepts. We discuss the implications of these results and offer recommendations for researchers who seek to apply graph theoretic analyses in the study of individual differences in semantic memory.

Diversity and classic sociologists: Theorising the concept of the Traveller by Harriet Martineau

Harriet Martineau’s early sociological publication, How to observe Morals and Manners (1838a) has received attention as one of the works that provided a more diverse foundation for the social sciences. This article examines the content of this pre-disciplinary text and explores the value of a simple and valuable concept Martineau offers: the Traveller. It is argued that theorisation of this concept contributes to a more diverse foundation for the history of the social sciences by (1) highlighting the subject of the researcher, (2) rediscovering a set of requisites for research inspired by skilled scepticism and (3) opening up more communicative knowledge production, that is, knowledge that is in line with 21st century dialogical sociology and public understanding of science.

Determining the Quintet Lifetimes in Side-ring Substituted [Fe(terpy)2]2+ Complexes

We previously studied the effect of 4' substitution in iron(II)-bis-terpyridine complexes, showing that the photoexcited high-spin quintet-state is stabilized by electron-donating substituents. In this paper we explore the effects of electron-donating ( X = NH2 , Cl ) and withdrawing ( X = NO2 ) substituents in the 5,5" positions on the stability and lifetime of the quintet-state. We used a simple densitiy-functional theory (DFT) based method that had been proven fairly accurate in the case of 4' substitution to estimate the energy barrier of the quintet-singlet transition and thereby predict the quintet state lifetime. We synthetized the complexes and used ultrafast transient optical absorption spectroscopy to experimentally determine the quintet lifetimes, in order to test the applicability of these quantum-chemistry based predictive methods for these side-ring substitution cases. UV-Visible spectra of the complexes have shown that the metal-to-li­gand charge transfer (MLCT) and ligand-localized transitions of these complexes change according to the previous observations. We have shown that in the 5,5" positions, electron withdrawing groups stabilize the quintet state, while donating groups destabilize it. This is in stark contrast to the effects previously observed for the 4' case, and indicates that unlike the latter case, the simple concept of inductive and mesomeric effects may not be adequate to describe the changes due to 5,5" substitution, warranting further study of the area.

Geographic identity and perceptions of walkable space

Walkability can be broadly conceived of as an evaluation of the suitability of a built environment for pedestrian locomotion and has recently become a popular concept across a multitude of disciplines. This seemingly simple concept has expanded over the years, and now operates on a multitude of scales and utilizes a variety of measurement techniques. This sprawling field now faces a challenge, with several studies concluding that walkability is becoming conceptually incoherent as it is applied in more situations—a challenge exacerbated by a lack of standardization in methodologies or definitions. Further confounding concerns of conceptual incoherence is the variability of human experience across the globe, acknowledging that different groups of people may have different values for what makes space walkable. This study explores these challenges through a comparison of two groups’ perceptions of walkable space, namely one in Montreal, Canada and one in Pune, India. By having participants from both locations rate large numbers of streetscape images based on their perceived walkability, and by comparing such ratings with machine-learning image segmentation results, aspects of the built environment that constituted walkable space for each group were evaluated. We found that while there is a difference in how walkability is conceived of in terms of elements of the built environment, a common conception of general walkability exists between the two groups. This scalar difference has important implications for future walkability work, implying that further research is needed to delineate universal walkability from contextualized walkability.

Sharing Medical Big Data While Preserving Patient Confidentiality in Innovative Medicines Initiative: A Summary and Case Report from BigData@Heart.

Sharing individual patient data (IPD) is a simple concept but complex to achieve due to data privacy and data security concerns, underdeveloped guidelines, and legal barriers. Sharing IPD is additionally difficult in big data-driven collaborations such as Bigdata@Heart in the Innovative Medicines Initiative, due to competing interests between diverse consortium members. One project within BigData@Heart, case study 1, needed to pool data from seven heterogeneous data sets: five randomized controlled trials from three different industry partners, and two disease registries. Sharing IPD was not considered feasible due to legal requirements and the sensitive medical nature of these data. In addition, harmonizing the data sets for a federated data analysis was difficult due to capacity constraints and the heterogeneity of the data sets. An alternative option was to share summary statistics through contingency tables. Here it is demonstrated that this method along with anonymization methods to ensure patient anonymity had minimal loss of information. Although sharing IPD should continue to be encouraged and strived for, our approach achieved a good balance between data transparency while protecting patient privacy. It also allowed a successful collaboration between industry and academia.

Mechanically Gated Transistor.

Silicon-based field effect transistors have underpinned the information revolution in the last 60 years, and there is a strong desire for new materials, devices, and architectures that can help sustain the computing power in the age of big data and artificial intelligence. Inspired by the Piezo channels, a mechanically gated transistor abandoning electric gating altogether, achieving an ON/OFF ratio over three orders of magnitude under a mechanical force of hundreds of nN is developed. The two-terminal device utilizes flexoelectric polarization induced by strain gradient, which modulates the carrier concentration in a Van der Waals structure significantly, and it mimics Piezo channels for artificial tactile perception. This simple device concept can be easily adapted to a wide range of semiconducting materials, helping promote the fusion between mechanics and electronics in a similar way as mechanobiology.

Temperature response TADF/ RTP dual mode afterglow of carbon dots and flake C3N4 composites for information encryption and advanced lighting

TADF emission based on CD materials has inspired extensive attention in recent years. Herein, CD composites with afterglow color temperature-responsive were prepared by confining BCDs/ BPCDs in a g-C3N4 matrix. The covalent bonds extensively protect the triplet states and promote the ISC process, and the small △EST is sufficient to encourage the RISC process. At room temperature, the BCD composite exhibits a deep blue TADF emission, and the BPCD composite shows two TADF emission peaks in the blue-green region. BCD/ BPCD composites exhibit RTP emission at lower temperatures, and the competition between TADF and RTP leads to the color temperature-responsive properties in these composites. A simple concept of information encryption was developed to demonstrate the great potential of these composites in advanced security applications. Based on the high overall quantum yields (44 %) and broad full width at half maximum (over 140 nm) at the visible region of the BPCD composites, they are successfully applied to develop the single component fluorescence/ TADF dual-emission delay WLED with CIE coordinates and CRI of (0.32, 0.34) and 92. This work provides a new strategy for producing CDs-based TADF materials and may motivate CDs TADF materials applied in information encryption and advanced lighting application.

Numerical Study on Retrofitting of Hot Rolled Steel Beams with Cold-formed Steel Encased Channels-Design Concept using Machine Learning Method

The paper presents a numerical investigation on the retrofitting of Hot-Rolled Steel (HRS) beams using Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) encasing channels. The open cross-section HRS channel is transformed into a closed cross-section by encasing the CFS channel. This transformation increases the torsional rigidity of the structural member and helps in reducing the vulnerability of Lateral-Torsional Buckling (LTB). Parametric studies were carried out using numerical analysis. The existing experimental results were used for validation of the numerical model. A total of 600 numerical simulations including design parameters such as thickness of the CFS channel, intermediate spacing between the spot welds (connecting HRS and CFS channels), slenderness ratio, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the HRS beam were considered. The analyses indicated that the effectiveness of the retrofitting increases with an increase in the slenderness ratio of the HRS channel. Machine Learning (ML) method called Symbolic Regression (SR) was used to formulate an equation predicting the increment in the moment capacity as a function of parameters investigated. Finally, a simple design concept is suggested to determine the required CFS channel thickness and intermediate spot weld spacing to achieve the required increment in the moment capacity after retrofitting.

Eğitim Yönetimi Konseptinde Süreçsel Eğitim Metotlarının İncelenmesi

Information and communication technologies enrich constructive and constructive educational environments. The learning experience by exploring in information environments offers more interaction and feedback opportunities than traditional educational methods. In educational processes, the content is divided into small information units for predetermined purposes, and even in order to learn a simple concept, the student has to turn all the parts into a whole. Moreover, every student is expected to learn the same information. Therefore, the same learning activities and evaluation criteria are used for each student. In the concept of educational management, there are some important differences between an innovative classroom environment and a traditional classroom environment in the context of Decisional educational methods. The traditional classroom has a teacher-centered structure based on transmitting predetermined information, using direct instruction, the course content is mostly taken from textbooks, students are passively watching the lesson, questioning information or exchanging mutual thoughts is not allowed much, students have a competitive structure that requires them to perform various learning activities individually. In modern educational methods, it is interested in how the learner creates his own knowledge. Here, the teacher is expected to establish a relationship between the units to be learned and create a system during the learning process of the learner along with the view that he cannot transmit information Decaying and in its entirety. Due to the necessity of presenting information in different ways, the different tools that are being used have been replaced by new information technologies that can process multiple forms of information expression in a single mechanism. The form of textbooks and other printed materials has been changed and transferred to electronic media, text-reading devices and voice communication mechanisms have been improved, making the user's interaction with electronic media easier and more natural. Key Words: Educational Management, Educational Methods, Non-formal Education, Vocational Education

A Perspective on High-Intensity Interval Training for Performance and Health

Interval training is a simple concept that refers to repeated bouts of relatively hard work interspersed with recovery periods of easier work or rest. The method has been used by high-level athletes for over a century to improve performance in endurance-type sports and events such as middle- and long-distance running. The concept of interval training to improve health, including in a rehabilitative context or when practiced by individuals who are relatively inactive or deconditioned, has also been advanced for decades. An important issue that affects the interpretation and application of interval training is the lack of standardized terminology. This particularly relates to the classification of intensity. There is no common definition of the term “high-intensity interval training” (HIIT) despite its widespread use. We contend that in a performance context, HIIT can be characterized as intermittent exercise bouts performed above the heavy-intensity domain. This categorization of HIIT is primarily encompassed by the severe-intensity domain. It is demarcated by indicators that principally include the critical power or critical speed, or other indices, including the second lactate threshold, maximal lactate steady state, or lactate turnpoint. In a health context, we contend that HIIT can be characterized as intermittent exercise bouts performed above moderate intensity. This categorization of HIIT is primarily encompassed by the classification of vigorous intensity. It is demarcated by various indicators related to perceived exertion, oxygen uptake, or heart rate as defined in authoritative public health and exercise prescription guidelines. A particularly intense variant of HIIT commonly termed “sprint interval training” can be distinguished as repeated bouts performed with near-maximal to “all out” effort. This characterization coincides with the highest intensity classification identified in training zone models or exercise prescription guidelines, including the extreme-intensity domain, anaerobic speed reserve, or near-maximal to maximal intensity classification. HIIT is considered an essential training component for the enhancement of athletic performance, but the optimal intensity distribution and specific HIIT prescription for endurance athletes is unclear. HIIT is also a viable method to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and other health-related indices in people who are insufficiently active, including those with cardiometabolic diseases. Research is needed to clarify responses to different HIIT strategies using robust study designs that employ best practices. We offer a perspective on the topic of HIIT for performance and health, including a conceptual framework that builds on the work of others and outlines how the method can be defined and operationalized within each context.