Simple Categorization Research Articles

Importance of categories of crime for predicting future violent crime among handgun purchasers in California

BackgroundProhibiting the purchase and possession of firearms by those at risk of violence is an established approach to preventing firearm violence. Prior studies of legal purchasers have focused on convictions for specific crimes, such as violent misdemeanors and driving under the influence (DUI). We broaden that line of inquiry by investigating and comparing the associations between prior arrests for most categories of crime and subsequent arrest for violent offenses among legal handgun purchasers in California.MethodsIn this longitudinal cohort study of 79,678 legal handgun purchasers in California in 2001, we group arrest charges prior to their first purchases in 2001 according to categories defined by the Uniform Crime Report (UCR) Handbook. We use a gradient boosting machine to identify categories of offenses that are most important for predicting arrest for violent crime following firearm purchase. For each category identified, we then estimate the difference in risk of subsequent arrest for a violent offense using survival regression models.ResultsWe identified eight crime categories with high predictive importance: simple assaults, aggravated assaults, vehicle violations, weapon, other crimes, theft, drug abuse, and DUI. Compared to purchasers with no prior arrests, those with a prior arrest for any one of the eight important categories and no other categories were found to be at increased risk of arrest for a Crime Index-listed violent crime (murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault), with the greatest estimated risk corresponding to the simple assault UCR category (adjusted hazard ratio 4.0; 95% CI 2.8–5.9). Simple assault was also associated with the greatest risk for subsequent arrest for firearm violence (adjusted hazard ratio 4.6; 95% CI 2.4–9.0) and any violent offense (adjusted hazard ratio 3.7; 95% CI 2.7–5.0).ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that prior arrests for a broad array of crimes, both violent and non-violent, are associated with risk of subsequent violent crimes, including Crime Index-listed violent crimes and firearm violence, among legal purchasers of firearms. Current policies aimed at restricting access to firearms for individuals at increased risk of violence should be re-examined considering these findings.

Can the association between LDL-Cholesterol and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) be modulated by concomitant Lp(a) levels in the general population?

Abstract Background LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), quantified by conventional methods, also includes the choles-terol attributable to Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)-C) due to their overlapping densities. The clinical relevance of this is still poorly investigated, since current attempts to estimate a true LDL-C (i.e. a LDL-C without its Lp(a)-C content, so called LDL-C-Lp(a)corr) remain challenging. Aims The aims of the present analysis were 1) to compare the association between LDL-C and LDL-C-Lp(a)corr with incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in the general population; 2) to determine the prognostic ability of LDL-C for future CHD events depending on concomitant Lp(a) levels. Methods Data from 68,748 subjects from eight European prospective population-based cohorts, who were free of CHD at baseline were used. LDL-C-Lp(a)corr was calculated as "LDL-C - Lp(a)-C", where Lp(a)-C was estimated as being 30% of the Lp(a) total mass. Fine and Gray competing risk-adjusted models were calculated for the association between LDL-C and LDL-C-Lp(a)corr (in quintiles (Q) with Q1 as REF) and future CHD events in the total study sample, as well as for LDL-C only after categorization of the study population according to Lp(a) mass (<90th percentile (pctl.) (43,5 mg/dL) (n=61,861) and ≥90th pctl. (n=6,887)). Results Similar risk estimates for incident CHD were found for LDL-C and LDL-C-Lp(a)corr with sHRs of 2.69 (95% CI 2.30-3.15) and 2.49 (95% CI 2.13-2.90), respectively (both p<0.001, comparing Q5 vs Q1; fully-adjusted models, including traditional cardiovascular risk factors and hsCRP). Categorization of the study sample according to Lp(a) mass revealed that the association between LDL-C and incident CHD was potentiated by higher Lp(a) mass (≥90th pctl) resulting in a sHR of 4.36 (95% CI 2.05-9.23; p<0.001 for Q5 vs Q1; fully-adjusted model), which was approximately x1.5 higher than the risk estimate found in the total study sample (i.e. without categorization for Lp(a) mass). In contrast, in subjects with Lp(a) mass <90th pctl. sHR for future CHD events was found to be 2.56 (95% CI 2.18-3.02) (for Q5 vs Q1 of LDL-C distribution; fully-adjusted model), being almost identical to the sHR obtained within the overall cohort (p for interaction between the categories of Lp(a) was 0.42). Conclusion Within the present analysis, correction of LDL-C for its Lp(a)-C content did not provide any meaningful additional information on CHD-risk estimation in the general population, thereby not confirming a clinically relevant value of LDL-C-Lp(a)corr. On the other hand, a simple categorization of Lp(a) mass with respect to high (≥90th pctl.) vs low (<90th pctl.) values demonstrated that Lp(a) significantly modulates LDL-C-related risk for future CHD only at higher levels. So, for the vast majority of subjects (<90th pctl. of Lp(a) distribution), no correction of LDL-C for its Lp(a)-C content is required.

Deep learning Binary/Multi classification for music's brainwave entrainment beats.

The last two decades have seen the emergence of a brand-new kind of music known as digital brain stimulant, also known as instrumental music or music without lyrics, which mostly comprises entrainment beats. While listening to it has the same ability to affect the brain as taking medication, it also has the risk of having a negative impact or encouraging unwanted behavior. This sparked the interest of a large number of studies in the psychological and physiological effects of music's brainwave entrainment beats on listeners. These studies started to categorize and examine how musical beats affected brainwave entrainment by looking at electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Although this categorization represents a step forward for the early research efforts, it is constrained by the difficulty of having each musical track and conducting EEG tests on humans exposed to distortion due to noise in order to determine its influence. The work proposed in this article continues to explore this topic but in a novel, simple, accurate, and reliable categorization procedure based on the music signal elements themselves rather than dependent on EEG. VGGish and YAMNET based transfer deep learning models, are tuned to handle a straightforward, accurate real-time detector for the existence of the music beats inside music files with accuracy of 98.5 and 98.4, respectively. Despite the fact that they yield results that are equivalent, the YAMNET model is more suited for use with mobile devices due to its low power consumption and low latency. The article also proposes modified version of VGGish and YAMNET binary classifying models called BW-VGGish and BW-YAMNET respectively. The modification was to turn the binary classification into multi-classification. These multi-classifiers handle the classification of the influence of music beats (five different brain waves) on human brainwave entrainment with average accuracy of 94.5% and 94.5%, respectively. Since there was a lack of datasets addressing this kind of music, two datasets, the Brainwave Entrainment Beats (BWEB) dataset and the Brainwave Music Manipulation (BWMM) dataset, were generated for classification training and testing. The re-testing on a sample of music files that have their impact on brain waves (with their EEG) in an earlier study is done to strengthen the validity of the proposed work and to overcome the potential limitation of utilizing a music dataset that is not proved with its EEG. The success of the suggested models was demonstrated.

Precision subclassification of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review

BackgroundHeterogeneity in type 2 diabetes presentation and progression suggests that precision medicine interventions could improve clinical outcomes. We undertook a systematic review to determine whether strategies to subclassify type 2 diabetes were associated with high quality evidence, reproducible results and improved outcomes for patients.MethodsWe searched PubMed and Embase for publications that used ‘simple subclassification’ approaches using simple categorisation of clinical characteristics, or ‘complex subclassification’ approaches which used machine learning or ‘omics approaches in people with established type 2 diabetes. We excluded other diabetes subtypes and those predicting incident type 2 diabetes. We assessed quality, reproducibility and clinical relevance of extracted full-text articles and qualitatively synthesised a summary of subclassification approaches.ResultsHere we show data from 51 studies that demonstrate many simple stratification approaches, but none have been replicated and many are not associated with meaningful clinical outcomes. Complex stratification was reviewed in 62 studies and produced reproducible subtypes of type 2 diabetes that are associated with outcomes. Both approaches require a higher grade of evidence but support the premise that type 2 diabetes can be subclassified into clinically meaningful subtypes.ConclusionCritical next steps toward clinical implementation are to test whether subtypes exist in more diverse ancestries and whether tailoring interventions to subtypes will improve outcomes.

Developmental changes in category-based inductions: The effects of labels and statistical evidence on children's inferences about novel social categories.

The psychological mechanisms that subserve inductions about novel social categories in childhood are hotly debated. While research demonstrated that language, and in particular generic statements, plays a major role in how children learn to attribute properties to social categories, developmental theories propose other mechanisms. One theoretical account holds that the mere act of labeling social categories is sufficient for children to generalize properties to category members, because labels are considered as referring to significant, homogeneous kinds of people. A second theoretical account proposes that children generalize properties to category members from statistical evidence, that is, by directly observing regularities in their environment. The present study assessed those two hypotheses, by testing (via an online experiment) the effects of simple category labels and observation of statistical evidence on European 4- to 6-year-olds (N = 88) and 7- to 9-year-olds' (N = 92) predictions about novel social categories. From around 7 to 9 years, children generalized properties to category members based on simple category labels or on their observation of a majority of unlabeled category members having the same property. Four- to 6-year-old children, however, made similarity inferences only when both labels and statistical evidence were combined. Overall, the present study highlights a developmental shift from an early limited tendency to make similarity inferences to a later propensity to infer similarity from small evidence. These findings deepen our understanding of the conditions under which children start to make similarity inferences. Implications for the acquisition of stereotypes are also discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

A-056 Data Driven Approach to Ensure Accurate Total Testosterone Results in Consumer Initiated, Home-collected Capillary Samples

Abstract Background Home-collected direct access testing (DAT) has become increasingly attractive as telehealth utilization advances. With DAT, consumers initiate their lab order and have access to clinical consulting staff. Steroid hormone concentrations are uniquely positioned for DAT due to their inherent stability and non-acute indications. Total testosterone (TT) is used to screen for or monitor treatment of hypogonadism. Once diagnosed, testosterone is administered by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection or via transdermal patch or topical gel. TT in adult men is typically between 200 and 900 ng/dL. However, in our DAT lab we were encountering a significant percentage of samples with supraphysiological TT concentrations (>1500 ng/dL). The objective of this study was to design a quality assurance workflow to differentiate whether the supraphysiological results were accurate or erroneous. Methods TT was measured using the Roche Cobas e801 immunoassay; basic assay parameters were verified per general CAP guidelines (precision, accuracy, linearity, method comparison, interferences, carryover, dilution). Additional validation experiments were performed to verify that capillary plasma was an acceptable sample type (n = 30 paired capillary/venous samples) and to determine if extreme summer temperature fluctuations would influence stability (n = 46 participants; samples subjected to temperature cycling for 72 h before re-evaluation). Self-collected capillary samples received for clinical testing with a TT concentration >1500 ng/dL were run on a 1:5 dilution (extending the clinical reportable range to 7500 ng/dL) and the sample was reflexed to luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Reference intervals in adult men for LH and FSH are 1.7–8.6 mIU/mL and 1.4–13.0 mIU/mL, respectively. When available, clinical notes were reviewed for additional information on exogenous hormone usage. Results All general assay parameters were within acceptable metrics. TT concentrations between capillary and venous samples had an average absolute bias of −9.2 ng/dL or −3.8% (n = 30; range = <20–823 ng/dL; y = 0.954x + 1.915; R = 0.995). Baseline and post-summer temperature cycling TT concentrations had an average absolute bias of −8.1ng/dL or −3.4% (n = 46; range = <20–716 ng/dL; y = 0.934x + 7.728; R = 0.999). Samples (n = 506) with a TT concentration >1500 ng/dL were reflexed to TT dilution and LH/FSH. Most (n = 413; 82%) had undetectable (<0.3 mIU/mL) LH/FSH and a mean TT concentration of 3356 ng/dL (SD = 1972). For 18.6% (n = 77) of this subset, we had medication information; 68 were using injectable testosterone. Elevated TT was likely a true result caused by overuse of anabolic steroids. A smaller subset of samples (n = 21) had detectable LH/FSH with mean concentration/SD of 6.1/5.2 mIU/mL for LH, 5.3/5.4 mIU/mL for FSH, and TT >7500 ng/dL. Medication notes were available for 5 of these samples and indicated that the TT results were likely caused by topical contamination (false positive). A final subset (n = 40) had detectable LH/FSH and TT between 1500 and 7500 ng/dL. These samples could not be binned into simple categories and instead were sent to the lab director for review. Conclusion Self-collected capillary specimens are acceptable for TT measurements. A quality assurance reflex to LH/FSH can support or refute the validity of supraphysiological results in a consumer initiated/DAT population.

앱북 콘텐츠의 문학적 이미지에 대한 고찰

The purpose of this paper is to consider the literary nature of the works based on Appbook contents among the literary texts that have been changed through various media formats, focusing on the image. Through applying Bachelard's image theory to modern Appbook content works and it examines the aspects of literary and narrative images newly formed in the era of multimedia. When we reconsider the literary image of Bachelard in this trend of change in the times, the phase of the image and imagination he speaks is explicitly expressed through a sharper contrast between the figurative and material aspects in the literary work based on the App Book. Instead of simply dividing images into simple dichotomous categories according to the medium of expression, this allows us to assess the status of the images each medium is in charge of in a text where various mediums are mixed. This shows that the literary image and material imagination Bachelard said can be realized in a new aesthetic dimension different from before through Appbook-based literary content.

In-depth basic data detection device based on Internet of Things technology

Abstract Due to the limited computing power of the perception layer of the Internet of Things (IoT), the ability to analyse and process the collected complex object information data is insufficient, and it is also difficult to complete the storage of a large amount of collected data. Through convolutional neural network-simple recurrent unit (CNN-SRU) deep learning, we preprocess a large amount of complex data in the perception layer. The data collected by the perception layer are first transmitted to the CNN for simple category screening and analysis, and then they reach the SRU link, which is updated and optimised again, to improve the integrity and accuracy of IoT information collection. The results show that the accuracy of gated recurrent unit (GRU), long–short-term memory (LSTM) and SRU algorithms shows a downward trend under the three error evaluation standards of root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and relative error (RE), from 0.034 to 0.015, 0.028 to 0.012 and 0.024 to 0.013, respectively; in terms of training time. The SRU algorithm is increased by 54.52%; the maximum SRU in terms of data storage is increased to 33.22%; and the maximum SRU reduction in data mining energy consumption is 11.45%. This meets the requirements of IoT applications in big data mining.

Results and Methodological Implications of the Digital Epidemiology of Prescription Drug References Among Twitter Users: Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) Analyses.

Social media is an important information source for a growing subset of the population and can likely be leveraged to provide insight into the evolving drug overdose epidemic. Twitter can provide valuable insight into trends, colloquial information available to potential users, and how networks and interactivity might influence what people are exposed to and how they engage in communication around drug use. This exploratory study was designed to investigate the ways in which unsupervised machine learning analyses using natural language processing could identify coherent themes for tweets containing substance names. This study involved harnessing data from Twitter, including large-scale collection of brand name (N=262,607) and street name (N=204,068) prescription drug-related tweets and use of unsupervised machine learning analyses (ie, natural language processing) of collected data with data visualization to identify pertinent tweet themes. Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) with coherence score calculations was performed to compare brand (eg, OxyContin) and street (eg, oxys) name tweets. We found people discussed drug use differently depending on whether a brand name or street name was used. Brand name categories often contained political talking points (eg, border, crime, and political handling of ongoing drug mitigation strategies). In contrast, categories containing street names occasionally referenced drug misuse, though multiple social uses for a term (eg, Sonata) muddled topic clarity. Content in the brand name corpus reflected discussion about the drug itself and less often reflected personal use. However, content in the street name corpus was notably more diverse and resisted simple LDA categorization. We speculate this may reflect effective use of slang terminology to clandestinely discuss drug-related activity. If so, straightforward analyses of digital drug-related communication may be more difficult than previously assumed. This work has the potential to be used for surveillance and detection of harmful drug use information. It also might be used for appropriate education and dissemination of information to persons engaged in drug use content on Twitter.

ABO/Rh Blood Groups and the Temperament (Mizaj) Based on Traditional Persian Medicine Perspective: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Mizaj is a fundamental concept in traditional Persian medicine (TPM) that explains the physiological and psychological traits of human beings. This study aimed to investigate the association between the ABO/Rh blood groups and the Mizaj.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 18-60 years old individuals who visited the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, Shiraz Branch. We used Mojahedi’s Mizaj questionnaire to determine the Mizaj of the participants. The participants’ blood group and Rh were determined based on the antibodies against types A, B, and Rh antigens of their blood. Results: We assessed 308 individuals consisting of 174 (56.49%) male and 134 (43.51%) female. The results of our study showed a significant relationship between the AB blood group and the cold Mizaj in both simple and compound Mizaj categories (P=0.012, P=0.014, respectively). Logistic regression analysis revealed that people with the AB blood group were 2.88 times more likely to have cold Mizaj than people with the O blood group (OR=2.88, 95% CI: 1.16 to 7.15). In addition, those with the A blood group were found to be 54% less likely to have a dry Mizaj than those with the O blood group (OR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.92). There was no significant association between the participants’ Mizaj and their Rh blood group (P>0.05).Conclusion: It seems that there was a significant relation between the AB blood group and cold Mizaj, as well as the A blood group and dry Mizaj. However, further studies are recommended with controlling the probable confounding factors.

Lessons Learnt from the Management of Severe COVID-19 Disease in a 93-year-old with Chronic Co-Morbidities at a Resource-constrained Centre in Nigeria – A Retrospective Single Case Study

Introduction: Severe COVID-19 infection is associated with significant mortality in the elderly. This is even more so, when the elderly patient with the disease also has multiple chronic co-morbidities, and is resident in a resource-constrained area.
 Aims/ Objectives: To outline management strategies employed, and important lessons learnt from the successful management of a case of severe COVID-19 disease in a 93-year-old with chronic co-morbidities in a resource-limited setting.
 Methods: We utilized a simple COVID-19 severity categorization algorithm on presentation, to assign the index patient to the appropriate COVID-19 disease severity class and subsequently employed patient’s serial, weekly clinical and laboratory parameters to guide a multi-specialty management protocol.
 Results: A 93-year-old man was referred to a tertiary hospital in Enugu during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a 5-day-history of high grade fever, severe fatigue, and altered sensorium. He had been living with diabetes for 48years; recently had worsening glycemic control, and was yet to pass urine in the previous 12hours. He was also being managed conservatively for prostate carcinoma. Examination revealed signs of severe pneumonia and he was drowsy, dehydrated, and had asterixis. A diagnosis of acute kidney injury from septicemia, following community acquired pneumonia and possibly urinary tract infection was made, with COVID-19 infection as a differential. Samples were collected for laboratory investigations while he was recommended for intensive care unit admission for further care. Para-enteral broad spectrum antibiotics, intravenous fluid therapy, intranasal oxygen therapy, basal-bolus-insulin-regimen, and anti-coagulation prophylaxis were instituted. Following laboratory investigation results which included a positive COVID-19 test (clinically categorized as severe disease), severe systemic inflammation, evidence of uro-tract infection, intravascular thrombosis and severe renal impairment, the Nephrology, Infectious disease, Urology teams were invited to co-manage the patient alongside the Endocrinologists. After 27days of collaborative care, patient was discharged with resolution of his symptoms and signs.
 Conclusion: Multi-specialty collaborative care improves patients’ outcome even in the face of severe COVID-19 with associated co-morbidities in elderly patients. Severity stratification ensures life-saving timely care for severe COVID-19 disease.

남북한 기본 간호술 교과서 분석

Objectives The purpose of the study was to analyze and compare the nursing education on the basic nursing skills between South and North Koreas, and to understand the nursing education in North Korea so as to provide basic data for nursing education and research in Unificated Korea. Methods This study was a content analysis through qualitative and simple categorization to grasp the nursing education and nursing skills based on comparing both basic nursing textbooks in South and North Koreas. Data were collected through textbooks stored at the North Korean Resource Center under the Ministry of Unification, South Korea. Results Nursing skills in South and North Koreas were different in normal range and measurement methods for vital signs, intravenous injection, management of indwelling catheter, and type of disinfectant. For medical terms written in textbooks, English was often used in South Korea, but pure Korean and Latin were often used in North Korea. Conclusions Nursing skills described in nursing textbooks differed in North and South Korea. There were also differences in cultural, language, and ideological aspects other than nursing skills. After unification, in order to maintain the high nursing competence of the two Koreas, it is essential to integrate mutually understandable nursing skills and to develop a nursing textbook. In addition, it is significant to develop integrated nursing curriculum and teaching and learning materials in preparing to integrate the health systems in South and North Koreas.

Interpolated family of non-group-like simple integral fusion rings of Lie type

This paper is motivated by the quest of a non-group irreducible finite index depth 2 maximal subfactor. We compute the generic fusion rules of the Grothendieck ring of Rep(PSL(2,[Formula: see text])), [Formula: see text] prime-power, by applying a Verlinde-like formula on the generic character table. We then prove that this family of fusion rings [Formula: see text] interpolates to all integers [Formula: see text], providing (when [Formula: see text] is not prime-power) the first example of infinite family of non-group-like simple integral fusion rings. Furthermore, they pass all the known criteria of (unitary) categorification. This provides infinitely many serious candidates for solving the famous open problem of whether there exists an integral fusion category which is not weakly group-theoretical. We prove that a complex categorification (if any) of an interpolated fusion ring [Formula: see text] (with [Formula: see text] non-prime-power) cannot be braided, and so its Drinfeld center must be simple. In general, this paper proves that a non-pointed simple fusion category is non-braided if and only if its Drinfeld center is simple; and also that every simple integral fusion category is weakly group-theoretical if and only if every simple integral modular fusion category is pointed.

Correlation Between History of Birth Control Usage and Incidence of Gingivitis among Pregnant Women in Ambulu Public Health Center, Jember District: A Cross-sectional Study

Using birth control (BC) can affect gingiva tissue, increasing the risk of developing gingivitis among women of reproductive age. Based on the Central Bureau of Statistics census, in 2021 61,77% of women in their reproductive age have used contraception and birth control in East Java. This study aims to find the correlation between the history and birth control usage and the incidence of gingivitis among pregnant women in Ambulu Public Health Center. This study uses a cross-sectional method with an analytical observational approach on pregnant women who visited the Dental Outpatient and received dental examinations in April and May of 2022. Thirty respondents were gathered with a history of birth control usage and evaluated using the dentist's Periodontal Index (PI). The results show that nine respondents (30%) had no history of using BC, two respondents (6.6%) used BC pills, ten respondents (33.3%) used 1-month injection BC, five respondents (16.6%) used 3-month injection BC, two respondents (6.6%) used implants BC and two respondents (6.6%) used IUD. From the cross table, one respondent (3.3%) was in the normal category, 1 respondent (3.3%) was in the simple gingivitis category, 15 respondents (50%) were in the early destructive periodontal disease category, and 13 respondents (43.4%) were in the destructive periodontitis. The data are analyzed using Chi-square result, showing that the significant value is p = 0,049 (p<0,05), so it can be concluded there is a significant relation between history of birth control usage and incidence of gingivitis in Ambulu Public Health Center. Dental and oral examinations are highly recommended in routine as early detection of health problems among pregnant women.

Implication of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS) on tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy outcomes

BackgroundThe American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical status classification (ASA-PS) is a simple categorization of a patient's physiological status during the perioperative period. The role of ASA-PS in predicting operative risk and complications following tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy (T ± A) has not been studied. The objective of the study was to identify the association of the pre-operative ASA-PS with 30-day complication rates and adverse events following T ± A. Study designA retrospective analysis was performed using data from the American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (ACS NSQIP) of patients aged 16 years or older who underwent T ± A between 2005 and 2016. Patients were stratified into ASA-PS Classes I/II and III/IV. Patient demographics, preoperative comorbidities, pre-operative laboratory values, operation-specific variables, and postoperative outcomes in the 30-day period following surgery were compared between the two subsets of ASA-PS groups. ResultsOn multivariate analysis, patients with ASA class III and IV were more likely to experience an unplanned readmission (OR 1.39, 95 % CI 1.09–1.76; p = 0.007), overall complications (OR 1.49, 95 % CI 1.28–1.72; p < 0.001), major complications (OR 1.52, 95 % CI 1.31–1.77, p ≤ 0.001), reoperation (OR 1.33, 95 % CI 1.04–1.69; p = 0.022), and extended length of stay >1 day (OR 1.78, 95 % CI 1.41–2.25; p < 0.001) following a T ± A. ConclusionHigher ASA-PS classification is an independent predictor of complications following T ± A. Surgeons should aim to optimize the systemic medical conditions of ASA-PS classes III and IV patients prior to T ± A and implement post-operative management protocols specific to these patients to decrease morbidity, complications, and overall health care cost.

Gradient descent decomposition of force-field motor primitives optogenetically elicited for motor mapping of the murine lumbosacral spinal cord.

Generating diverse motor behaviors critical for survival is a challenge that confronts the central nervous system (CNS) of all animals. During movement execution, the CNS performs complex calculations to control a large number of neuromusculoskeletal elements. The theory of modular motor control proposes that spinal interneurons are organized in discrete modules that can be linearly combined to generate a variety of behavioral patterns. These modules have been previously represented as stimulus-evoked force fields (FFs) comprising isometric limb-endpoint forces across workspace locations. Here, we ask whether FFs elicited by different stimulations indeed represent the most elementary units of motor control or are themselves the combination of a limited number of even more fundamental motor modules. To probe for potentially more elementary modules, we optogenetically stimulated the lumbosacral spinal cord of intact and spinalized Thy1-ChR2 transgenic mice ( n=21), eliciting FFs from as many single stimulation loci as possible (20-70 loci per mouse) at minimally necessary power. We found that the resulting varieties of FFs defied simple categorization with just a few clusters. We used gradient descent to further decompose the FFs into their underlying basic force fields (BFFs), whose linear combination explained FF variability. Across mice, we identified 4-5 BFFs with partially localizable but overlapping representations along the spinal cord. The BFFs were structured and topographically distributed in such a way that a rostral-to-caudal traveling wave of activity across the lumbosacral spinal cord may generate a swing-to-stance gait cycle. These BFFs may represent more rudimentary submodules that can be flexibly merged to produce a library of motor modules for building different motor behaviors.

PROCEEDINGS FOR THE DIVISION OF COMMUNITY PROPERTY OF SPOUSES. FOLLOWING THE AMENDMENTS TO THE CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE INTRODUCED BY THE LAW OF JULY 4, 2019

With the growing number of divorces in Poland, one of the most common types of civil non-trial proceedings is proceedings for the division of community property of spouses. Court-ordered division of community property of spouses usually takes place when the joint holders of rights are unable to agree on issues related to the withdrawal from the joint ownership. If, however, the joint holders of rights agree on the composition of the community property and the manner in which the division is to be carried out, they will, as a rule, enter into an agreement of appropriate content. This method of division is much faster, and also provides more opportunities to do it with a broader consideration of all aspects of the situation of the entities in question. In principle, non-trial proceedings seem to be a simpler category than their procedural counterparts (if only due to the lack of contentious nature of the subject matter of the case itself, for example, the need to divide the community property of the spouses after the cessation of marital property ownership), however, the multiplicity of problems arising in the course of these proceedings makes them of considerable interest to practitioners. One of the most important reforms of civil procedure in recent years, made by the Act of July 04, 2019 amending the Act - Code of Civil Procedure and certain other acts, influenced their actual course. Improving the implementation of the citizens right to a court of law has been identified as one of the most important goals of this amendment

A Simplicial Category for Higher Correspondences

In this work we propose a realization of Lurie’s prediction that inner fibrations \(p: X \rightarrow A\) are classified by A-indexed diagrams in a “higher category” whose objects are \(\infty \)-categories, morphisms are correspondences between them and higher morphisms are higher correspondences. We will obtain this as a corollary of a more general result which classifies all simplicial maps between ordinary simplicial sets in a similar fashion. Correspondences between simplicial sets (and \(\infty \)-categories) are a generalization of the concept of profunctor (or bimodule) pertaining to categories. While categories, functors and profunctors are organized in a double category, we will exhibit simplicial sets, simplicial maps, and correspondences as part of a simplicial category. This allows us to make precise statements and provide proofs. Our main tool is the language of double categories, which we use in the context of simplicial categories as well.

Editor's Spotlight/Take 5: Postacute Care Readmission and Resource Utilization in Patients From Socioeconomically Distressed Communities After Total Joint Arthroplasty.

Editor's Spotlight/Take 5: Postacute Care Readmission and Resource Utilization in Patients From Socioeconomically Distressed Communities After Total Joint Arthroplasty.

More Human Than Human: The Exile in Blade Runner

More Human Than Human: The Exile in <i>Blade Runner</i>