Similar Business Models Research Articles

어문저작물의 재이용 합법화 및 공정화 방안

In the course of conducting business and research, numerous literary works, particularly those categorized as STM (Scientific, Technical, and Medical) works, are utilized. While some may be ‘re-used’ without the author’s consent due to copyright limitations or exceptions, the majority cannot. In principle, research institutes, companies, or public entities would need to individually seek permission from the rightsholder, which is not only a significant inconvenience but is also rarely practiced. Even in the digital age, the problem persists without signs of resolution. This situation results in financial losses for authors and exposes companies to liability issues related to copyright infringement. Ultimately, a solution must be found to ensure fair compensation for authors and adherence to copyright laws by companies.
 Recognizing this problem, Germany’s collecting society VG WORT has partnered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) to address it. RightsDirect, a subsidiary of CCC, has collaborated with VG WORT to offer Digital Copyright Licenses to companies, government offices, and public institutions. The outcome is a partnership that grants free digital reuse of scholarly works under the administration of VG WORT and CCC, while also providing additional income to participating authors affiliated with VG WORT.
 This paper aims to provide an overview of the collaboration between VG WORT and CCC/RightsDirect and to analyze its significance, structure, advantages, and limitations. Specifically, the article will examine how authors of literary works can benefit from such collaborations and whether they pose any negative impact on the existing system of collective management of copyright. Collaborations of this nature pose challenges and differ from traditional collective management. Nevertheless, it is undesirable to overlook issues of copyright infringement and reduced author profits, given the frequent reuse of works within companies. Drawing insights from the VG WORT case, we should assess the feasibility of a similar business model in Korea and proactively respond to future market changes.

Business aspects in focus, investor underreaction and return predictability

Overlap in business aspects serves as a proxy for firm relatedness. Employing an unsupervised topic modelling methodology from machine learning, we characterize the attention allocations of earnings conference call participants (corporate executives, financial analysts, and investors) over the topics discussed. We construct a novel topic similarity measure that captures incremental, difficult-to-observe, and time-varying firm relatedness. However, valuable information from topic peers is not incorporated into stock price in a timely fashion. A long-short strategy based on the returns of topic peers yields a monthly alpha of approximately 69 basis points. Furthermore, return predictability stems primarily from similar business models, customer management, and influential macroeconomic situations. Return predictability is more pronounced among focal firms with higher information complexities and arbitrage costs. Overall, this study provides a novel approach to automatically summarise firms' business aspects in focus and highlights the asset pricing implications of investors' underreactions to non-obvious and dynamic firm relatedness hidden in earnings conference calls.

Comparative Analysis of Business Models of Selected Accommodation Portals

Business models are part of every enterprise. It could be figuratively said that these are puzzles that tell or show how a business works and how it creates value. Although some companies have a similar business model, they may differ in some respects. The differences and similarities of business models can be identified in different ways, for example, based on the activity or according to the interested entities that are directly or indirectly involved in the functioning of the business. The paper aims to create a comparison model to compare business models. The post focuses on companies that operate platforms enabling online booking of accommodation services. To achieve the paper's main aim, it was necessary to define terms related to the issue of business models, analyze the current state of Airbnb and Booking.com, describe their business models, identify their advantages and disadvantages, and compile a comparison model that will serve to compare business models. As a result, the comparison model makes it possible to identify the differences and similarities between the compared companies. It can be concluded that even though the companies operate in the same field, their business models differ in many ways.
 
 Received: 23 July 2023 / Accepted: 4 October 2023 / Published: 5 November 2023

How industry recipe and boundary belief influence similar modular business model innovations

This study attempts to use a decision-making approach to explore how industry recipes and boundary beliefs influence similar modular business model innovations (BMIs) among over-the-top (OTT)-service providers. Industry recipes and boundary beliefs fundamentally define the practice and structure of an industry, respectively. Therefore, this study aims to expand the theoretical understanding of how similar modular BMIs influence the industrial effect on the managerial cognitive perspective. To this end, this study examined the modular BMI of two OTT-service providers' value creation and value capture. A comparative and qualitative case study was conducted that mainly collected secondary data on the rigorous usage of the triangulation technique. Confirmatory interviews with managers in two OTT-service providers were also conducted to complement the analytical results obtained from the template analysis. First, the results show that the emergence of two similar modular BMIs—both involving value capture—was influenced by the industry recipe and the boundary recipe. However, when there was no industry recipe, the managerial cognition on boundary belief influenced similar modular BMIs of value creation. These results highlight that managerial cognition regarding boundary belief can guide the selection of technology for the modular BMIs of value creation. Secondly, this study finds that managerial cognition regarding industry recipe and boundary belief influence the choice of learning approach. Each of the modular BMIs demonstrated incremental or radical learning in each firm, because the presence of an industry recipe reduces the ambiguity of the modular BMI of value capture along with each firm's experiences.

Pillar I: The Marketing and Distribution Safe Harbour (MDSH) as Applicable to Licensed Manufacturers and Centralized Business Models: Does It Fulfil Its Policy Objective?

The new Pillar I Amount A system aims to reallocate a portion of in-scope MNEs’ residual profits to market countries. This said, there could be many instances when an MNE already reports residual profits in the market country under the current system, for example, when it operates with a substantial physical presence (which is entrepreneurial in nature) in the market country. In order to avoid the double taxation/double counting of what is known as ‘residual profits’, a Marketing and Distribution Safe Harbour (MDSH) mechanism was first developed in the 2020 Blueprint and redesigned in the 2022 Progress Report. The purpose of this article is to address the question as to whether the MDSH as designed in the Progress Report meets its objective, particularly after briefly describing it as drafted in both reports. The authors analyse whether it does so by testing it against two commonly found MNE business models, i.e., a licensed manufacturer (LM) in the market and a centralized business model with limited risk distributors (LRD) in the market. A technical analysis is undertaken which is then illustrated with numerical case studies. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the MDSH as designed in the Progress Report does not necessarily meet its policy objective of preventing double counting under both the LM and the centralized business models. Thus, one possible policy option is to redraft it and return to the test as originally conceived in the Blueprint. A second possibility is to further reflect on some of the MDSH components, in particular, the manner in which jurisdictional routine and residual profits are calculated with the overall aim of achieving simplicity as well as accuracy. With respect to determining jurisdictional routine profits, our main recommendation is to deem a certain percentage of jurisdictional elimination profits (EPs) to represent routine profits (e.g., 25%). Such a mechanism would be simpler than the existing mechanism to determine jurisdictional routine profits, which seems to be rather complicated. With respect to jurisdictional residual profits, our recommendation is to support the Y% with a facts and circumstances analysis to achieve accurate results (at least, in certain cases). For instance, the Y% will be deemed to be 100% in a country when the MNE group operates with a fully or partly decentralized business model such as a LM (or similar business models such as franchise models). It will be regarded as being 0% in a country when it operates with limited risk sales structures or/and structures that have access to the simplification offered by the Amount B project. In all other cases, the Y% could be considered to be, for example, 25% in a country (which would be a compromise). Moreover, our recommendation with respect to withholding taxes (WHT) (if they are taken into account) is to restrict its scope to selected payments (e.g., royalties or service fees) and to provide a downward adjustment in the residence jurisdiction of the recipient (as opposed to the payors). The effect would be that the EP of the recipient would be reduced, and these profits would then represent the base to provide relief from double taxation. More broadly, if the Amount A project does not achieve fruition, the authors believe that some lessons that can be learned from the Amount A reform, in general, and the MDSH for future alternate reforms. Thus, a few suggestions will be made to policymakers who are considering alternatives to the Amount A project. Pillar I, Amount A, ALP, Transfer Pricing, MDSH, double counting, OECD, business models.

Waste from criticality to resource through an innovative circular business model: A case study in the manufacturing industry

In this paper, we describe and analyze the novel type of circular economy business model that we define herein as “open circular economy business model.” Unlike a typical circular business model based on six R-imperatives (reuse, recycling, redesign, regenerate, reduce, and recover), the analyzed business model leads to greater flexibility as it allows the incorporation of raw materials from the external organizational context into the internal sustainable production cycle. Hence, the societal benefits of adopting an open circular economy business model are potentially more significant than in the case of a conventional circular economy business model because it allows greater distribution of the benefits among heterogeneous external actors that interact with the organization. The study is based on the single case study of the Italian manufacturing company, which obtained significant market success by applying an open circular economy business model in the first few years since its incorporation. By examining in-depth interviews with principal organizational decision-makers triangulated with internal and external secondary data analysis, we describe the model's main characteristics while highlighting its strengths and weaknesses. The commercial success of the studied organization can be an incentive for direct and indirect competitors to implement similar business models resulting in the activation of system-level circularity-oriented behaviors.

Peran Job Stress dan Job Satisfaction Terhadap Turnover Intention Pada Karyawan Restoran

Purpose of the study: The objective of this study is to analyze the role of job satisfaction on the as the mediating role between job stress and turnover intention of restaurant employee. Design: The research adopt quantitative method with survey. Questionnaire was distributed face to face to all 16 employees of John & James Resto located in Green Lake City Jakarta and Bumi Serpong Damai Tangerang. Likert scale was employed to 30 measurement items in order to test three research hypotheses that later analyze using path analysis. Findings: Employee job stress negatively influence job satisfaction, while job satisfaction on the other hand, also negatively influence turnover intention. However, the mediating role of job satisfaction has no positive effect on job stress and employee turnover intention. Job satisfaction acts as a perfect mediation based on direct effects and indirect effects. This means that after being mediated by job satisfaction, when job stress increases, turnover intention does not immediately increase because there are job satisfaction factors that make the desire to leave work decrease. Research Limitations/ Implications: This research was limited to only one particular restaurant brand. Thus, it can be implied to similar business model which are small to medium size capacity, self- managed, dan local market based, that in turn in light the way to reduce employee turnover could be managed through employee job stress and employee job satisfaction. Novelty/ Originality of the study: This research contribute to the literature of human resources by using different measurement scale combining from several references to measure job satisfaction and turnover intention that specified for hospitality context.

The Impact of Digitalization and Sustainability on Governance Structures and Corporate Communication: A Cross-Industry and Cross-Country Approach

Digitalization and sustainability are changing companies by transforming products, services and operations. While the growth of a digital and sustainable economy may increase firm performance, these new trends also raise potential challenges for companies pertaining to corporate governance structures. Companies are now faced with various alternatives regarding how digitalization and sustainability roles might be integrated into corporate governance structures. We aim to analyse how roles dedicated to digitalization and sustainability have been integrated into governance structures and how these changes impact corporate communication. We provide an explorative analysis in a sample of Italian, French and Spanish companies from the fashion and food sectors. These companies exhibit common features, analogous levels of success and critical factors and similar business models; moreover, fashion and food represent two of the main driving sectors of the selected countries’ economies. For these companies, the findings highlight a positive convergence regarding the inclusion of new corporate roles devoted to managing digitalization and sustainability processes. However, the analysis shows the different impacts of these roles on corporate governance structures and the different ways of externally communicating these impacts. In this sense, our study encourages the identification of governance models and different kinds of corporate communication that are able to promote digitalization processes and sustainable paths for companies. The paper contributes to the field of digitalization and sustainability studies and suggests insights to help practitioners manage related processes by promoting an evolution in the corporate governance structures and corporate communications of food and fashion companies.

Entrepreneurship to Private Limited Company: SLN Coffee Pvt. Ltd. Co's Success Story on Creating a Successful Brand Levista

Background/purpose: The context in which entrepreneurship in the cultural and creative industries (CCI) occurs was the focus of this study. Entrepreneur inspiration is a type of motivation that allows creative ideas to be transformed into creative products. The company SLN Coffee Pvt. Ltd. Co., which started with the acquisition of a coffee plantation and later entered the trade of green coffee beans before becoming a brand coffee business in 2004, has experienced rapid and steady growth. This success can be attributed to a variety of factors worth discussing. Objective: To examine the development of SLN Coffee Pvt. Ltd. Co. and the factors that contributed to this growth into a brand. Design/Methodology/Approach: Information gathered from primary and secondary data is analyzed and presented. utilizing the SWOC framework, numerous scholarly articles, web articles, company websites, and interviewing techniques. Findings/result: It has been found, findings of a study conducted using a variety of resources and the analysis of data, that competing in a market is a challenging endeavour that calls for the application of multiple methods and processes. creativity and innovation. Research limitations/implications: The evaluation and solutions presented in this paper are only applicable to industries with a limited to similar business model, yearly revenue, and level of expertise to SLN Coffee Pvt. Ltd. Co. Originality/value: This paper focuses on the various factors and scenarios that have enabled the SLN Coffee Pvt. Ltd. Co to grow and be labelled as a brand in the coffee industry. Paper type: A Research Case study paper on journey of SLN Coffee Pvt. Ltd. Co in becoming the successful coffee Brand in comprehensive coverage of the coffee Industry.

E-Commerce Information System Design in Web-Based UD Anggun Shoe Store

E-commerce or online shopping is a concept that is quite developed in the internet world. The use of this system can benefit many aspects, including consumers, producers, and sellers. The information system is a combination of work procedures, information, staffing, and information technology that is organized to achieve organizational goals. Information systems have become an urgent need in all areas of life including business. One ofthe companies engaged in trading, namely the Anggun Shoe Store, really needs information system technology that provides sales data recap functions and sales profit reports because consumers have difficulty getting detailed information on product specifications offered and employees find it difficult to offer products sold to consumers outside the city. Web-Based E-Commerce Information System Design (Anggun Shoe Store). An information system is needed by this company as well as other companies that run a similar business model, to facilitate sales reporting sothat their business can be measured. This system also makes it easier for business owners to view daily sales reports so they can determine marketing strategies for the future.

Methods of Commercialization and Usage of Sosnovsky hogweed Processing

Sosnovsky’s hogweed is an invasive species that suppresses natural meadow biocenoses, but at the same time it can be a source of various biological substances (raw materials). Hogweed can be processed to produce cellulose. The obvious advantage of cellulose from Sosnovsky’s hogweed is the unsuitability of the raw material for other uses, i.e., while valuable resources that are now being used to produce cellulose can be saved, the stems of Sosnovsky’s hogweed are waste products obtained because of getting rid of the plant. Despite this, there is an actual problem of including hogweed in the production chain. To solve this problem, business models can be built that are aimed at using the biproducts of processing hogweed. It is important that business models not only reflect the process of producing added value but also can solve the main problem of processing weed plants: the finiteness of the specified resource. Specifically, entrepreneurs starting such a business should not get into a situation where they destroy their only resource. This article is focused on a comparison of business models according to the following criteria: feasibility, profitability, and environmental impact. Business models that involve constructing a processing plant, using mobile laboratories, and industrial symbiosis models are presented. The overall result of this work is a business model that meets the specified criteria. Similar business models can be used for other plants with the possibility of obtaining valuable raw materials. Research shows how Sosnovsky hogweed can be processed into bioethanol or cellulose.

Website-Based Sales Reporting Information System with the Laravel Framework (Case Study of Pramana Agency)

The rapid development of technology has a big role in facilitating all human activities. Technology was created to speed up work and make it more efficient. One form of existing technology is information systems. The operating system is a system that exists within an organization, intending to meet data processing needs, supporting operations, managerial and strategic in an organization and agency by providing reports to certain parties. One of the companies engaged in trading, namely Praman Agency, is in dire need of information system technology that provides sales data recap functions and sales profit reports. Activities in the company are currently still recorded manually in an Excel file, even though sales are made through marketplaces such as Shopee and Lazada. By looking at the picture of the workflow, in reality, the idea arose to create a Website-Based Sales Reporting Information System with the Laravel Framework (Case Study of Pramana Agency). An information system is needed by this company as well as other companies that run a similar business model, to facilitate sales reporting so that their business can be measured. This system also makes it easier for business owners to view daily sales reports so they can determine marketing strategies for the future.

Customer shopping experience in a South Korea’s Government-run home shopping channel for small and medium enterprises based on critical incident technique and unsupervised machine learning analysis

It is difficult for Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to establish themselves in the market because of their relatively low brand awareness compared with well-known major corporates. Accordingly, Korean government operates a government-run television home shopping channel that only sells products of SMEs, serving as a shopping platform that guarantees brands from SMEs and connects them with consumers. This study introduces a public home shopping platform in South Korea and investigates the shopping experience of its consumers to provide implications to practitioners and researchers who prepare for a similar business model. To collect data on user experience, a subjective survey was conducted based on the critical incident technique. The survey response was analyzed with the Dirichlet-multinomial regression topic modeling to see how the shopping experience of public home shopping customers varies depending on customer loyalty.

Geschäftsmodelle der Energiewende im regionalen Umfeld

The energy transformation has a major impact on the development of value creation and business models in the energy industry. This development especially affects rural areas. Therefore, this paper presents a capture of the value chain of energy industry for the examined “model region Mecklenburg”. Furthermore, this paper shows the application of the business model framework for the energy transformation (BMFE) from Giehl et al. (2020) to identify prototypical business models, as a summary of similar business models. Based on this identification, regional value creation networks are developed and analyzed. They are used in order to derive recommendations for the model region, in connection with the approach of value creation clusters according to Porter (1991).

Peer-to-peer multi-risk insurance and mutual aid

Peer-to-peer (P2P) insurance is a decentralized network in which participants pool their resources together to compensate those who suffer losses. The rise of P2P insurance in Western countries, such as Friendsurance and Lemonade, has been viewed as a disruption to the traditional insurance industry in the same way Uber is to the taxi industry. A similar business model of mutual aid, such as the model developed by Xianghubao, has become popular in the East. It is a model designed to provide financial support to those in need and to distribute the cost among all participants.Despite the fast-changing landscape in this field, there has been scarce literature on the theoretical underpinning of P2P insurance and mutual aid. This paper presents the first effort to build a unified framework to quantify and assess the exchange of risks in a network of participants from different risk classes. Under this framework, the paper aims to address several essential research questions, including the fair exchange of heterogeneous risks and the optimality of algorithmic designs under various criteria. The modeling of multi-risk exchange is done with a P2P network structure. We show that these network structures not only can be used to explain the current practice in the industry, but also provide new tools to develop better designs. The paper concludes with a comparison of traditional insurance and P2P risk sharing from the standpoint of stability and cost reduction.

Can self-regulation save digital platforms?

AbstractThis article explores some of the critical challenges facing self-regulation and the regulatory environment for digital platforms. We examine several historical examples of firms and industries that attempted self-regulation before the Internet. All dealt with similar challenges involving multiple market actors and potentially harmful content or bias in search results: movies and video games, radio and television advertising, and computerized airline reservation systems. We follow this historical discussion with examples of digital platforms in the Internet era that have proven problematic in similar ways, with growing calls for government intervention through sectoral regulation and content controls. We end with some general guidelines for when and how specific types of platform businesses might self-regulate more effectively. Although our sample is small and exploratory, the research suggests that a combination of self-regulation and credible threats of government regulation may yield the best results. We also note that effective self-regulation need not happen exclusively at the level of the firm. When it is in their collective self-interest, as occurred before the Internet era, coalitions of firms within the same market and with similar business models may agree to abide by a jointly accepted set of rules or codes of conduct.

A dynamic business model for Turkish techno parks: looking through the lenses of service perspective and stakeholder theory

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the business model of techno parks (TPs) in Turkey and shed light on the value co-creation in TPs in the light of the service perspective and stakeholder theory.Design/methodology/approachIn this conceptual paper, a generic business model canvas for Turkish TPs has been elicited based on an in-depth review of the literature. Then, the functioning of the model and the nature of value co-creation have been viewed through the lenses of service perspective and stakeholder theory, and then the relationships and flows between the components of the business model have been visualized with a dynamic model.FindingsThe institutional environment leads Turkish TPs to have similar business models with functional differences. The value is co-created by stakeholders in TPs and value co-creation depends on the skills, competencies and cooperative efforts of all actors involved in the functioning of the business model.Practical implicationsThis paper provides insight for TP management companies to improve their business models, for policymakers to refine institutional framework to enable effective functioning of TPs and for stakeholders to understand their role in value co-creation.Originality/valueThis paper provides a dynamic framework and a model for understanding business models of TPs and the value co-creation process, which is an understudied area, especially in a developing country context. It also extends the business model and value co-creation literature in the context of TPs by integrating multiple theoretical perspectives.

The Impact of Dieselgate on the Required Rate of Return on Equity of VW, BMW and Daimler

Abstract Our paper studies the impacts of the Dieselgate scandal on the required rate of return on equity investments into VW, Daimler, and BMW. The object of investigation is the beta coefficient that determines the risk premium in the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). Our research takes a deep dive into the developments from the turning point of the scandal (the EPA NOTICE 2015) on September 18, 2015 – when a Notice of Violation of the Clean Air Act was issued to Volkswagen by the EPA – to the end of February 2016. This period also covers FORMAL COMMENCEMENT 2016, when the U.S. Department of Justice first sued Volkswagen on behalf of the EPA. The spillover (contagion) effect of fraudulent practices of VW impacted BMW, Daimler and other companies in the industry that share a similar business model and market segment. Our research of historical market betas has not confirmed the expectation that in the context of the Dieselgate scandal the return required on equity investments into VW, Daimler, and BMW would soar. The Dieselgate scandal proves that the reliability of beta estimates is an inverse function of market volatility. Historical market beta is, therefore, not a good estimate of the required rate of return for the companies in question.

Can Self-Regulation Save Digital Platforms?

This article explores some of the critical challenges facing self-regulation and the regulatory environment for digital platforms. We examine several historical examples of firms and industries that attempted self-regulation before the Internet. All dealt with similar challenges involving multiple market actors and potentially harmful content or bias in search results: movies and video games, radio and television advertising, and computerized airline reservation systems. We follow this historical discussion with examples of digital platforms in the Internet era that have proven problematic in similar ways, with growing calls for government intervention through sectoral regulation and content controls. We end with some general guidelines for when and how specific types of platform businesses might self-regulate more effectively. Although our sample is small and exploratory, the research suggests that a combination of self-regulation and credible threats of government regulation may yield the best results. We also note that effective self-regulation need not happen exclusively at the level of the firm. When it is in their collective self-interest, as occurred before the Internet era, coalitions of firms within the same market and with similar business models may agree to abide by a jointly accepted set of rules or codes of conduct

Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Repurchase Intention pada Network Orchestrator X

Abstract
 The development of peer-to-peer lodging begins with the presence of Airbnb in 2008 which is connected in 192 countries and served 60 million travelers worldwide. The presence of Airbnb has led to several similar business models, namely the network orchestrator. In Indonesia, network orchestrator x appeared in 2015 with a business model similar to a hotel, but assets in the form of buildings and their contents are owned by partners/third people. Network orchestrator x provides an application system integrated with a smartphone. In this study the questionnaire was distributed to 401 respondents and the number that could be used was 226 questionnaires. This research was conducted by adding two variables to the existing research model which is tangible and intangible variables. Based on the research, factors that significantly affect customer satisfaction are product performance risk, room and bathroom size, staff's helpfulness, accuracy of service, personal attention, and customer satisfaction also significantly influence repurchase intention.