Silver Nitrate Salt Research Articles

Effect of silver salt type on the physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of solid‐state Ag‐exchanged zeolites

AbstractThe silver‐exchanged zeolites were created using a solid‐state ion exchange method with silver sulfate and silver nitrate salts. Various techniques, including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, were employed to examine the structure, morphology, and physical‐chemical properties of the samples. The antimicrobial effectiveness of the zeolites was tested against gram‐negative Escherichia coli and gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus, common bacteria found in wastewater. Before the silver exchange, the original zeolite exhibited small clustered particles, but after the exchange, its shape underwent significant transformation. The original clinoptilolite did not contain any silver, whereas the silver‐exchanged samples AgSSE6% and AgNSE6% had silver contents of 2.29% and 3.80%, respectively. The XRD analysis confirmed the presence of Ag and AgO within the structure of the exchanged clinoptilolite. BET analysis indicated that the incorporation of Ag ions into the zeolite structure through ion exchange led to a reduction in surface area and micropores volume. The research findings revealed that zeolites exchanged with silver were more effective in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus, compared to E. coli. Additionally, zeolites treated with AgSO4 exhibited a wider inhibition zone against both bacteria compared to zeolites treated with AgNO3.

Optical, dielectric, and rheological properties of EG-Al2O3/AgNO3 nanofluids: Insights and advances in multifunctional materials for soft device technologies

Nanofluids (NFs) of fascinating multifunctional properties are the advanced materials highly admired in emerging soft device technologies. In this innovative research, we explored the detailed optical, dielectric, and rheological properties of silver ions conducting green NFs. These NFs comprise ethylene glycol (EG) as viscous base fluid, suspension of a fixed amount (0.02 wt%) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles for high performance thermal conductor, and addition of silver nitrate (AgNO3) salt as the ionic component of varying amounts ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 wt% are prepared and investigated. The detailed analysis of 200–800 nm wavelength range ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorbance spectra of these EG–Al2O3/AgNO3 based NFs demonstrated their significant photosensitivity character in the visible region, radiations shielding performance in the UV region, and trio energy band gaps in a wide semiconducting range from 2.4 to 4.9 eV which are found adequately tunable with the AgNO3 concentrations. The high static dielectric permittivity (εs ≈ 40) of these polar NFs, at 298.15 K, showed a marginal change with the variation in AgNO3 concentrations confirming a little alteration in the parallel aligned dipole ordering of hydrogen bonded EG molecular network beside the ion-molecules-nanoparticle interactions and formation of ion-dipole complexes (coordinative interaction). The electrical conductivity of EG–Al2O3 NF increased by three orders of magnitude i.e., from 10−6 to 10−3 S/cm, at the initial addition of 0.2 wt% AgNO3 in it and then, exhibited almost a linear increase with further increasing the salt concentrations up to 2.0 wt% realizes them promising ionic nanofluids. Rheological investigations on these NF samples, at 298.15 K, validate their Newtonian behaviour with a high dynamic viscosity of 14 mPa s. These experimental findings highlight the multifunctional characteristics of EG–Al2O3/AgNO3 nanofluids which could be utilized in heat transfer, solar energy harvesting/storage, and the development of next-generation iontronic and optoelectronic devices and silver ion conducting biomedical sensors.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from waste leaves of tea (Camellia sinensis) and their catalytic potential for degradation of azo dyes

Tea leaves are discarded after use as waste material. An attempt was made to explore the potential of tea waste as an alternative source of extensive reducing agent for green and biocompatible synthesis of silver nanoparticles (WT-AgNPs) from silver nitrate salt, and prospective utilization for degradation of toxic azo dyes such as methyl orange and Congo red occurring in effluents. Green tea extract was also used as reducing agent to synthesize AgNPs (GT-AgNPs) to compare their physicochemical properties and efficiency vis-à-vis WT-AgNPs. Both WT-AgNPs and GT-AgNPs were characterized by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, particles size and zeta potential measured by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), surface morphology and elemental composition determined by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The average particle size, zeta potential and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) were 74.85 nm, -22.62 mV, 422 nm and 69.53 nm, -21.28 mV, 420 nm for WT-AgNPs and GT-AgNPs, respectively. Catalytic degradation reaction of methyl orange and Congo red using the biogenic AgNPs followed the pseudo-first order kinetics in both cases. The rate constants of methyl orange dye (100 ppm) degradation using the catalysts (WT-AgNPs and GT-AgNPs) were 0.087 s−1(R2=0.922) and 0.099 s−1 (R2=0.963) respectively, showing 93 % and 95.5 % degradation of dye in 40 min in presence of NaBH4. For Congo red (100 ppm) degradation, the rate constants were 0.112 s−1 (R2=0.917) and 0.113 s−1(R2=0.943). Both WT-AgNPs and GT-AgNPs exhibited bacteriostatic effect inhibiting growth of E. coli. The study offers potential use of waste tea leaves as an effective reducing agent for large-scale green synthesis of silver nanoparticles having multifarious environmental applications in general, dye degradation and antibacterial action in particular.

Gold Nanoparticles: Tunable Characteristics and Potential for Nasal Drug Delivery.

A general procedure to prepare gold nanourchins (GNUs) via a seed-mediated method was followed using dopamine hydrochloride as a reducing agent and silver nitrate salt (AgNO3) as a shape-directing agent. The novelty of this study comes from the successful incorporation of the prepared gold urchins as an aqueous suspension in a nasal pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) formulation and the investigation of their potential for olfactory targeting for direct nose-to-brain drug delivery (NTBDD). The developed pMDI formulation was composed of 0.025% w/w GNUs, 2% w/w Milli-Q water, and 2% w/w EtOH, with the balance of the formulation being HFA134a propellant. Particle integrity and aerosolization performance were examined using an aerosol exposure system, whereas the nasal deposition profile was tested in a sectioned anatomical replica of human nasal airways. The compatibility of the gold dispersion with the nasal epithelial cell line RPMI 2650 was also investigated in this study. Colloidal gold was found to be stable following six-month storage at 4 °C and during the lyophilization process utilizing a pectin matrix for complete re-dispersibility in water. The GNUs were intact and discrete following atomization via a pMDI, and 13% of the delivered particles were detected beyond the nasal valve, the narrowest region in the nasal cavity, out of which 5.6% was recovered from the olfactory region. Moreover, the formulation was found to be compatible with the human nasal epithelium cell line RPMI 2650 and excellent cell viability was observed. The formulated GNU-HFA-based pMDI is a promising approach for intranasal drug delivery, including deposition in the olfactory region, which could be employed for NTBDD applications.

Comparison between silver nitrate and table salt in the treatment of umbilical granuloma.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of table salt with silver nitrate in the treatment of umbilical granuloma presenting to the neonatal unit/paediatric department KTH. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial Setting: Neonatal Unit of Khyber Teaching Hospital. Period: November 2019 to November 2022. Methods: A total of 120 patients who presented to the neonatal unit/paediatric department, aged 15-60 days were enrolled in this study via consecutive sampling. Seventy-five patients each, were allocated to two groups, Group A (common salt) and Group B (silver nitrate). Sixteen patients from Group A whereas, in Group B, 17 patients were lost to follow-up. Results: A total of 58 out of the remaining 117 patients were female whereas 59 patients were male. Treatment response was recorded for both groups. The cure rate was greater among Group B (93%) as compared to Group A (88%) but there was no statistically significant difference between Group A and B in treatment response (p= 0.35). Conclusion: Table salt is a cheaper, easily accessible, and safe alternative to topical silver nitrate in the treatment of umbilical granuloma.

Gellan gum-based nanocomposites films containing bio-reduced silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterisation and antifungal activity

The aim of this work was to develop and characterise nanocomposite thin films containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), as wound dressings and antifungal materials, using a green process for the nanoparticles’ synthesis and a single step procedure for the preparation of the nanocomposite films. To this end, polyphenol-rich extracts obtained from kiwi peels, an agri-food industrial by-product, were used as a reducing agent of silver nitrate salt. The AgNPs were let form within the film-forming solution, which was composed by low acyl gellan gum and a plasticising agent (glycerol or PEG 400 g/mol) and the corresponding nanocomposite films were deposited by the solvent casting technique. The plasticising agent affected the AgNPs distribution within the films, as observed by SEM and EDS analyses, and consequently their tensile behaviour. In specific, AgNPs act as stress intensifiers in the presence of glycerol, whereas they act as film reinforcement with PEG400. However, both glycerol-plasticised and PEG400-plasticised films exhibited similar antifungal efficacy against 16 clinical isolates of 5 different Candida spp (C. albicans, C. lusitaniae, C. haemulonii, C. krusei and C. glabrata). Globally, the present study provides a green and single-step procedure to develop nanocomposite films embedding AgNPs obtained by in situ reduction of silver ions with polyphenol-rich extracts.

Green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous extract of <i>Calotropis procera</i> and its antimicrobial activity on clinical bacteria isolates

The green synthesis of nanoparticles, utilizing aqueous plant extract as a capping and stabilizing agent, has attracted significant attention in various domains, particularly in pharmaceuticals and drug delivery. In this investigation, silver nitrate (AgNO3) salts were employed as precursors to fabricate silver nanoparticles using Calotropis procera (leaves/flower) extract, and the resulting nanoparticles were characterized. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed three primary functional groups at peaks of 2851.4 cm-1, 1543.1 cm-1, and 1323.2 cm-1, responsible for capping and stabilizing the synthesized C.p-AgNPs. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that the synthesized C.p-AgNPs exhibited spherical shapes with an average particle size ranging from 20 nm to 30 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis of the synthesized C.p-AgNPs indicated the presence of pure silver (Ag) at 54.32% in the region of 2.7 to 3.1 keV. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of C.p-AgNPs was examined, with the best inhibition observed at 0.5 mg/mL on Gram-negative bacteria S. aureus (12.0 mm) and Streptococcus spp (13.0 mm), and on Gram-positive bacteria E. coli (16.0 mm) and Salmonella spp (14.0 mm). The antimicrobial efficacy was dose-dependent, suggesting the potential for eradicating resistant human pathogenic bacteria. The antibacterial potential of C.p-AgNPs could be enhanced by increasing their concentration, depending on the specific application. Based on the study's findings, C.p-AgNPs derived from Calotropis procera can be employed for various biomedical purposes, such as textile coating by incorporating C.p-AgNPs in fibers and food storage by nanocapsulation of food items to extend their shelf life.

Phytofabricated bimetallic synthesis of silver-copper nanoparticles using Aerva lanata extract to evaluate their potential cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities

In this study, we demonstrate the green synthesis of bimetallic silver-copper nanoparticles (Ag–Cu NPs) using Aerva lanata plant extract. These NPs possess diverse biological properties, including in vitro antioxidant, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic activities. The synthesis involves the reduction of silver nitrate and copper oxide salts mediated by the plant extract, resulting in the formation of crystalline Ag–Cu NPs with a face-centered cubic structure. Characterization techniques confirm the presence of functional groups from the plant extract, acting as stabilizing and reducing agents. The synthesized NPs exhibit uniform-sized spherical morphology ranging from 7 to 12 nm. They demonstrate significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, inhibiting extracellular polysaccharide secretion in a dose-dependent manner. The Ag–Cu NPs also exhibit potent cytotoxic activity against cancerous HeLa cell lines, with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 17.63 µg mL−1. Additionally, they demonstrate strong antioxidant potential, including reducing capability and H2O2 radical scavenging activity, particularly at high concentrations (240 µg mL−1). Overall, these results emphasize the potential of A. lanata plant metabolite-driven NPs as effective agents against infectious diseases and cancer.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Fusarium oxysporum and its Function Against Aspergillus and Fusarium Fungi.

(NPs) can be produced by various methods such as physical and chemical processes. However, environmentally friendly ways are increasingly requested. In this research, (Ag-NPs) were produced by Fusarium oxysporum, and its antifungal effect on Aspergillus and Fusarium was investigated. Nanoparticles were produced by silver nitrate salt and Fusarium oxysporum native to Isfahan city. In order to optimize the synthesis conditions, optimization of some factors such as volume, concentration, time, temperature, and pH of the extract was performed. The structural and physical properties of NPs were determined by spectrophotometer, XRD, FTIR FESEM, SEM, and TEM microscopy. For the study of the inhibitory effect of NPs on Fusarium and Aspergillus growth, the fungi were cultured in media containing various concentrations of NPs from 50 to 1500ppm. Then, the colony diameter was measured for over 10days and the growth inhibition percentage was estimated. For statistical analysis, the 600 Mann-Whitney tests have been applied.The NPs were produced after mixing the powdered fungal mass and silver nitrate salt in optimum conditions which were 2mM of salt, triple fungal mass volume proportion relative to the salt, pH of 9, and temperature of 28°C. The existence of a peak at 420nm in FTIR was due to nanoparticle production. Based on the XRD, the synthesized NPs had suitable properties similar to the standard NPs reported in the studies. Images from TEM, SEM, and FESEM microscopes displayed uniform NPs in variable sizes between 25 and 100nm. According to the results, the maximum growth inhibition percentage of Ag-NPs on Fusarium was approximately 60% at 1500ppm, and 88% on Aspergillus at 800ppm. Biosynthesized Ag-NPs with Fusarium oxysporum have desirable structural traits and can inhibit the growth of Fusarium and Aspergillus at significant levels.

Micromeria biflora mediated gold and silver nanoparticles for colourimetric detection of antibiotics and dyes degradation

The study reports on synthesis of aqueous extract mediated gold and silver nanoparticles of M. biflora (MBAuNPs and MBAgNPs) via hydrated chloroauric acid and silver nitrate salts. The nanoparticles (NPs) were produced in 1:15 (MBAuNPs) and 1:6 (MBAgNPs) ratios under sunlight displaying localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peaks at 541 and 431 nm, respectively. The sizes characterized by transmission electron, scanning electron, and atomic force microscopic (SEM, TEM, AFM) techniques were respectively 26.73 nm and 53.81 nm. The subject NPs demonstrated application in the degradation of methylene blue, Congo red, Rhodamine B, methyl orange, ortho-nitrophenol, and para-nitrophenol ranging from 65 to 86 %. For detection of levofloxacin, amoxicillin, and azithromycin antibiotics, the MBAuNPs and MBAgNPs exhibited efficiency in real water and biological (blood plasma and urine) samples. Conclusively, the MBAuNPs and MBAgNPs applications for dyes degradation and antibiotics detection was found as simple and cost-effective analytical method.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their inhibitory efficacy on corrosion of carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solution

Silver nanoparticles were created by an easy green synthesis method using plant extract. The relationship between the size and form of silver nanoparticles and the concentration of silver nitrate salt was examined. Using plant extract (tobacco leaf extract) at concentrations of 3, 5, and 10 mill moles (mMol) of AgNO3, silver nanoparticles were produced. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively, the form and structure of the prepared samples were analyzed. The relation between salt concentrations and the size of silver nanoparticles is depicted linearly in SEM images. The capacity of these nanomaterials to prevent the corrosion of carbon steel used in the petroleum industry when exposed to 1.0 N hydrochloric acid, a corrosive medium, is being investigated. Using chemical, electrochemical, and analytical techniques, the effect of concentration (50–200 ppm) and temperature (303–333 K) on the ability of generated materials to inhibit growth was studied. It was revealed that the inhibitory efficacy decreased at higher temperatures and increased with higher doses. The maximum inhibition efficiency of 98% was achieved using 200 ppm of the nanomaterials 3. The inhibition is due to the Nano molecules’ adhesion and adsorption on the metal surface via Langmuir adsorption. There is a linear relationship between the size of nanoparticles and their inhibition efficiency, similar to the linear relationship observed between the size of silver nanoparticles and the salt concentration, as demonstrated by the order of inhibition efficiency for the three nanomaterial samples used: Nanomaterials Samples 3 > Nanomaterials Samples 2 > Nanomaterials Samples 1.

Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Prepared from Pomegranate Peel Extracts and its Antibacterial Activity

To investigate the efficiency of silver nanoparticles synthesized by the green method, and evaluate their antibacterial activity. The green method was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) from silver nitrate salt, and pomegranate peel extract (P) as a reducing agent. The synthesized Ag NPs were characterized by UV–visible spectrophotometer (UV–Vis), X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The UV–Vis spectra displayed a resonance peak at 386 nm, equivalent to P-Ag NPs, and the FT-IR spectra confirmed the association of biological molecules from the extract in the synthesis process. The SEM image data confirmed the round and circular nature of Ag NPs. The EDX data presented the elemental configuration with a solid peak at 65 KeV that matched the silver. The antibacterial study of the synthesized nanoparticles was investigated by the agar diffusion method. We examined the antibacterial activity of biologically medicated silver nanoparticles against microbial strains of E. coli. The findings indicate that different doses (5, 10, and 15 μg) of Ag NPs synthesized by silver nitrate aided by pomegranate peel extract demonstrate vigorous antibacterial activity against E. coli bacteria. At a dose of 5 μg, the inhibition zone was neglected, but at doses of 10, 15 μg there was significant bacterial growth inhibition around the Ag NPs. Bacterial growth was effectively inhibited by the Ag NPs produced.

Ecofriendly green synthesis and characterization of silver zinc oxide nanocomposite using the aqueous leaf extract of Rumex Crispus: Evaluation of its antimicrobial and antioxidant activity

The hydrothermal approach is used in the current study to create an environmentally friendly silver zinc oxide nanocomposite utilizing an aqueous leaf extract of Rumex Crispus. The photochemical components of Rumex Crispus, a synthetic nanocomposite with antioxidant and antibacterial activity, were also assessed. The Response Surface Methodology of Definitive Screen Design (DSD) was used to examine and optimize the effects of four independent variables on the amount of green synthesized silver zinc oxide nanocomposite in Rumex Crispus extract. According to the experimental findings, the green synthesized silver zinc oxide nanocomposite's maximum 1.89 absorbance intensity was achieved at a reaction temperature of 60 °C, a concentration of silver nitrate salt of 100 mM, a pH value of 11, and a reaction period of 3 h. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared, UV, X-ray, UV–vis, Dynamic Light Scattering, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential thermal analysis to determine its functional group, structure, bandgap energy, size distribution, a mass of loss, and energy gain or loss, respectively. The minimum lethal doses for the gram-positive, gram-negative, and fungal strains were 1.25, 0.625, and 2.5 g ml−1 respectively. The 1-1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) which was used to measure antioxidant activity is scavenged by Ag–ZnO nanocomposites, and the IC50 value of a Rumex Crispus extract is 29.31 g ml-1 IC50 value is.29.31 μg ml–1. Their findings show that Rumex Crispus extract-derived synthetic silver zinc oxide nanocomposite is a promising alternative against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and fungal strains, as well as a prospective choice for antioxidants under the given conditions.

Electrochemical Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Properties of Silver Nanobranch on Orthodontic Braces

Silver nanodal was synthesized on orthodontic braces using silver nitrate salts as an electrochemical method. The synthesized Ag nanobranch were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Antibacterial microbial performance of Lactobacillus salivarius analyzed with electrochemically synthesized silver nanobranch on orthodontic brackets. The specific antibacterial properties of all the composites showed specific antibacterial effects or antiadherence, independently of the amount of silver nanobranch deposited, likely due to the differences in the bacterial cell wall structures. As a result, the brackets, which are very important for orthodontics, showed a good antibacterial performance with the nanostructures obtained by electrochemically coated with Ag, which is known to have antibacterial properties.

STUDY OF THE PROCESS OF CARBONIZATION OF POWDERED CELLULOSE GRANULES IMPREGNATED WITH AgNO3 AND Pd(NO3)2

A comparative study of the process of carbonization of powdered cellulose granules and powdered cellulose granules impregnated with silver and palladium nitrate salts was carried out. The process was carried out in the temperature range 200–600 °С. The influence of the presence of metals on the course of carbonization of powdered cellulose and the features of the reduction of silver and palladium during carbonization were studied by IR spectroscopy and X-ray phase analysis. It has been established that the presence of silver in powdered cellulose does not affect the yield of carbonized material. The presence of palladium in powdered cellulose leads to the fact that the yield of carbonizate in the temperature range of 300–600 °C is reduced relative to the yield of carbonizate simply from powdered cellulose. It has been established by IR spectroscopy that impregnation with salts and subsequent drying at 90 °C of powdered cellulose granules leads to the appearance of carboxyl groups in it, which are not observed in unimpregnated powdered cellulose. With an increase in the heat treatment temperature to 200 °C, the amount of these groups in the silver-containing material increases sharply, while in the palladium-containing material it remains unchanged. A significant increase in the number of C=O groups in the palladium-containing material begins at 300 °C. The increased relative content of C=O groups in the metal-containing material is also preserved in the temperature range of 300–500 °C. The presence of metals in powdered cellulose at pyrolysis temperatures of 300–500 °C leads to a decrease in the content of C=C groups in the carbon matrix relative to methylene (methine) groups. At 600 °C, the carbon matrix of all coals is completely carbonized. X-ray diffraction analysis recorded the appearance of metallic silver and palladium in metal-containing coals at a temperature of 300 °C As the carbonization temperature increases, the content of crystalline Ag(0) and Pd(0) in coals increases. No other forms of silver and palladium are found in the temperature range of 300–600 °С. Testing of metal-containing coals in a model reaction of hydrogen peroxide decomposition showed: in silver-containing carbonizates, the availability of silver particles for H2O2 increases due to an increase in the pyrolysis temperature; in Pd/C, an additional factor that increases the availability of metal particles is the interaction of palladium with carbonizate during pyrolysis.

Silver particles embedded in silicon: The fabrication process and their application in surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)

The formation of hybrid structures for creating sensitive sensors is a difficult task. In this study, we developed a facile technique of semiconductor technology to fabricate hybrid structures based on SiO2/embeddedAg/Si and embeddedAg/Si for a surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Herein, our hybrid structures were created in one technological cycle, which consists of the reduction of silver nitrate salt from a solution on the silicon surface and subsequent high-temperature annealing at 1000 °C. In addition, it allows not only to preserve the plasmonic properties of Ag particles on the Si surface but also to protect them from further external influences by coating them with a SiO2 layer. Also, the basis for creating such hybrid structures is the performed numerical calculations of the position of a localized surface plasmon resonance as a function of the geometry of structures. Furthermore, the theoretical full-wave electromagnetic modeling of Raman scattering in an embedded Ag/Si structure showed the presence of enhancement regions “hot spots” at sharp corners with a maximum enhancement factor of 106. Finally, surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy of such structures showed reliable detection of the methyl orange from an aqueous solution at a concentration of 10-5M.

Fabrikasi Ramah Lingkungan Komposit Nano Karbon Aktif-Partikel Perak dan Uji Aktifitas Antibakterinya

Nanocomposite of activated carbon-silver nanoparticles (AC-AgNPs) have been successful greenly fabricated using ultrasonic (40 kHz; 2´50 watt) for various time of 10-, 20-, and 30-minutes agitation. The research was aiming to investigate the relationship of ultrasonic agitation times and antibacterial activity of the associated nanocomposite mentioned. For that, the first step performed was synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from silver nitrate salt (AgNO3) (10 ml,3 mM) using aqueous-pineapple extract of various concentration of approximately 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 % w/v. The second step was fabricated activated carbon nanoparticles (ACNPs) from local commercially available carbon black fine powder through the advanced top-down method. Finally, properly mixed the produced ACNPs and AgNPs under ultrasonic agitation as mentioned above. Analysis and characterization of the desired produced materials were conducted by using Ultra violet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. It was well known that about 10-50 nm in size of AgNPs were successful produced with spherical particles in shape. The AgNPs could then be incorporated and spread out evenly on the surface of the ACNPs matrix. In this situation, FTIR spectra confirmed that the AgNPs mentioned particularly interact with each other with hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl (C=O) groups existing on the surface of the ACNPs matrix. The antibacterial activity of the produced AC-AgNPs nanocomposite was separately tested toward both E. coli and S. aureus bacterial using agarose-filter paper disc method. It was known that the clear zone generated around the disc was about 1.23 mm and 2.07 mm in averages for Eschericia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococus aureus (S. aureus) respectively.

Impregnation, silver activating capability and biological applications of ionic liquids

The work focuses on the potential ability of 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium ethyl sulphate (EMIES) and 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetra chloro aluminate (ITCA) ionic liquids (IL) as reducing agents in the synthesis of activated silver colloidal particles without using any external reducing agent. The formation of activated silver colloidal particles from silver nitrate salt is explained based on the characterization results such as EDAX and SEM. The absorbance of the EMIES and ITCA impregnated activated silver particles are analysed by UV spectral study and the presence of functional groups are successfully determined by FT-IR spectrum. In this study, we also investigate antibacterial and antioxidant applications of EMIES, ITCA and impregnated silver colloidal particles. The antibacterial activity investigated by disc diffusion method and antioxidant activity by DPPH method.

Role of silver nanoparticles in fluorimetric determination of urea in urine samples

Herein, an economical, analytical and sensitive method was established for the fluorometric determination of urea using freshly prepared silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in real urine samples. The standard addition and second-order derivative methods were selected for the ongoing research work to eliminate the possible effect of interferences in a real environment. In this work, Ag-NPs were prepared by reducing silver nitrate salt in the presence of 1,3-di-(1H-imidazole-1-yl) −2-propanol (DIPO) in an aqueous medium. Urea in the urine samples was successfully determined through the complexation of Ag-NPs with urea molecules. The results revealed high percent recovery with ± RSD of urea in the three different urine samples, where percent recoveries by spectrofluorometric standard addition were 99.77 ± 3.4, 100.24 ± 5.1, 100.93 ± 2.8 and that is by the spectrofluorometric second-order derivative method were 103.57 ± 2.4, 101.8 ± 1.3, 98 ± 3.2, respectively. The successful application of these analytical methods in the spectrofluorometric determination of urea in urine samples can accumulate further addition in the effects and possible role of Ag-NPs in the determination of biological molecules in biological and non-biological samples in the scientific as well as clinical fields.

Development, Characterization and Valuable Use of Novel Dosimeter Film Based on PVA Polymer Doped Nitro Blue Tetrazolium Dye and AgNO3 for the Accurate Detection of Low X-ray Doses.

Currently, the uncontrolled exposure of individuals to X-rays during medical examinations represents a substantial danger that threatens both medical professionals and patients. Therefore, radiation dosimetry for low X-ray doses is a very important control of radiation practice in medical diagnostic radiology. In line with this, the current study proposes a valuable dosimeter-based PVA thin film doubly doped with silver nitrate salt and nitro blue tetrazolium dye. The nanocomposite film was prepared via a simple casting method and the different processing parameters were optimized. The performance of radiation detection was evaluated according to optical, chromic, chemical and structural changes after exposure to variable low X-ray doses (0, 2, 4, 10 and 20 mGy). The different film labels exhibited an excellent stability behavior in dark and light upon 30 days of storage. The UV-Vis spectrophotometric study showed a gradual increase in the maximum absorbance as a function of the dose and the corresponding response curve confirmed this linear variation (R = 0.998). A clear structural modification was recorded via X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealing the increase in crystallinity with the level of the dose received by the nanocomposite films. Microscopic surface analysis via SEM assessments revealed a significant morphological change in PVA/Ag+/NBT films exposed to increased radiation doses and typical dendrites growing in needle- or tree-like microstructures appeared with a high X-ray dose. Finally, the nanocomposite films before and after irradiation were evaluated via a spectrocolorimetric study and the different CIELab coordinates, the color difference, as well as the color strength, showed a linear correlation with the intensity of the applied dose. This new dosimeter design could, therefore, provide a promising and efficient alternative for prompt and accurate detection of low X-rays doses in diagnostic radiology.