Silver Cups Research Articles

“D.G. Messerschmidt’s Cups”

We describe two metal vessels, procured by looters and offered to D.G. Messerschmidt, who in 1722 traveled across southern Krasnoyarsk Territory. A bronze cup, judging by a description in researcher’s journal and by the accompanying drawing, resembled Old Turkic specimens. However, the hunting scene engraved on its body suggests Chinese provenance. A silver vessel from the vestry of Fort Karaulny church is peculiar to 7th–10th century Sogdian toreutics. It evidently belongs to a group of vessels with polygonal bodies, specifi cally to type 1—octagonal. Having been manufactured in Sogd, polygonal vessels were exported to China. Chinese jewelers copied the form of “wine cups” and adorned them with traditional fl oral designs and various scenes. An octagonal silver cup with an Uyghur inscription, found in 1964 in a kurgan at a medieval cemetery Nad Polyanoi, was likewise manufactured by Tang artisans. Other polygonal silver cups are listed—heptagonal and sexagonal. It is concluded that vessels made of precious metals testify to stable trade relations that emerged in 700–1100 and connected Siberia with Sogd and the Tang Empire.

Development of low-profile spectral signature chipless flexible RFID prototype for 5G supply chain IoT applications

A novel spectral signature Chipless Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag is designed, fabricated, and validated as a barcode replacement for Fifth Generation (5G) supply chain-based Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios. The tag displays a low profile of 12.7 × 13.9 mm2 with radiating data capacity of 32 bits. The design includes a hybrid On-Off and frequency shift keying technique to enhance the data encoding functionality. The unit tag translates 1:1 slot-to-bit by integrating an open stub L structure as a resonating assembly. Further, hybrid encoding has been incorporated to enhance the ratio up to 1:3, which leads to a 3n(2n-1) data pattern. As a result, the Chipless RFID tag offers a noticeable density per frequency of 4.6 bits/GHz for a 3.1–10.9 GHz spectral variation. The design is carried out over a flexible substrate, Taconic TLX-0, and the results exhibit fair agreement between simulated and measured results. Further, tag performance is validated by placing it on different objects: books, silver cups, and wooden boxes.

Destinations in Mind: Portraying Places on the Roman Empire’s Souvenirs By Kimberly Cassibry. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2021. Pp. xvii + 278. $99. ISBN 9780190921897 (cloth).

<i>Destinations in Mind: Portraying Places on the Roman Empire’s Souvenirs</i> By Kimberly Cassibry. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2021. Pp. xvii + 278. $99. ISBN 9780190921897 (cloth).

Evaluation of the suitability and clinical applicability of different electrodes for aEEG/cEEG monitoring in the extremely premature infant

IntroductionMonitoring of brain function using continuous electroencephalography (aEEG/cEEG) is an essential tool in the standard care of the term infant, and its use is growing in the premature infant as a biomarker of lesion and brain maturity. However, the placing of the electrodes is a great challenge, particularly in the extremely premature infant, which often discourages neuromonitoring. The aim of this study is to assess the different electrodes available, to select the one that best suits the peculiarities of the extremely premature infant, and evaluate its applicability in clinical practice. Population and methodsWith the aim of designing a neuromonitoring study protocol using aEEG/cEEG in <28 weeks premature infants, an analysis was made of our experience with the type of electrodes available. The electrode that was considered most suitable for this population was chosen by assessing: the need of preparing the scalp, speed in positioning the electrodes, if the application was invasive or not, the possibility of repositioning, risk of skin injuries, sterility of the technique, and durability. The electrode chosen was used for continuous electroencephalographic monitoring started in the first 24 h of life, and maintained until at least 72 h of life. ResultsThe electrodes evaluated were: subdermal needles, silver cups, and 2 types of self-adhesive electrodes (solid hydrogel and wet gel). The wet gel electrodes were chosen. They were used on 41 neonates with a mean gestational age of 25.8 ± 1.1 weeks. Good stable impedance was rapidly obtained, without the need of excessive manipulations, and no skin injuries were observed. The satisfaction of the staff involved in positioning them was very high. ConclusionThe self-adhesive disposable electrodes with wet gel and integrated cable enabled the electrodes to be positioned rapidly and provided continuous non-invasive and good quality aEEG/cEEG monitoring in the extremely premature infant.

Non-destructive pole-figure measurements on workshop-made silver reference model of archaic objects

Based on the knowledge of crystallographic texture, the parameters of the metal-forming heat treatment of metallic objects can be reconstructed well when conventional technologies (e.g. rolling, deep drawing, etc.) are applied. The characterisation of texture has been possible only by using destructive techniques, apart from neutron diffraction. Recently, a non-destructive texture measurement method has been developed for centreless diffractometers, providing a new dimension to the examination of archaic objects. In the present study, two types of Stresstech G3R centreless diffractometer were used with this new method, which proved it to be applicable to both the tabletop and robotic arm-assisted versions of the diffractometer. Although the texture of archaic objects can be revealed using this method, the production of these objects cannot be directly deduced from the results, since their manufacturing steps are not identical to the metal-forming operations applied today. In this study, workshop-made silver reference samples were produced with the help of three silversmiths. Wrinkling, metal spinning and intermediate annealing were applied to the rolled silver sheet with the aim of making real-sized silver cups. The workshop-made reference cups were then subjected to non-destructive texture examinations. The results reveal the textures developed during the conventional manufacturing steps of silver cups. The obtained information greatly assists future research in understanding the pole figures of archaic objects and the reconstruction of their manufacturing technology.

Evaluación de la idoneidad y aplicabilidad clínica de diferentes electrodos para la monitorización aEEG/cEEG en el niño prematuro extremo

IntroductionMonitoring of brain function using continuous electroencephalography (aEEG/cEEG) is an essential tool in the standard care of the term infant, and its use is growing in the premature infant as a biomarker of lesion and brain maturity. However, the placing of the electrodes is a great challenge, particularly in the extremely premature infant, which often discourages neuromonitoring. The aim of this study is to assess the different electrodes available, to select the one that best suits the peculiarities of the extremely premature infant, and evaluate its applicability in clinical practice. Population and methodsWith the aim of designing a neuromonitoring study protocol using aEEG/cEEG in<28 weeks premature infants, an analysis was made of our experience with the type of electrodes available. The electrode that was considered most suitable for this population was chosen by assessing: the need of preparing the scalp, speed in positioning the electrodes, if the application was invasive or not, the possibility of repositioning, risk of skin injuries, sterility of the technique, and durability. The electrode chosen was used for continuous electroencephalographic monitoring started in the first 24h of life, and maintained until at least 72h of life. ResultsThe electrodes evaluated were: subdermal needles, silver cups, and 2 types of self-adhesive electrodes (solid hydrogel and wet gel). The wet gel electrodes were chosen. They were used on 41 neonates with a mean gestational age of 25.8±1.1 weeks. Good stable impedance was rapidly obtained, without the need of excessive manipulations, and no skin injuries were observed. The satisfaction of the staff involved in positioning them was very high. ConclusionThe self-adhesive disposable electrodes with wet gel and integrated cable enabled the electrodes to be positioned rapidly and provided continuous non-invasive and good quality aEEG/cEEG monitoring in the extremely premature infant.

The King Of Mysore Tipu Sultan and His Religious Legacy”

Tipu cherished the welfare of both the Muslims and the Hindus in his state. He had a yearning love for freedom from the British yoke. Tipu Sultan was radical in more than one sense. He was the first to ban consumption of alcohol in the entire state, not on religious grounds. He didn't worry about the decline in income due to it. He was praised for this act by Gandhi. He was the father of missile technology. He was the first to introduce sericulture in the Mysore state.As a Muslim ruler in a largely Hindu domain, Tipu Sultan faced problems in establishing the legitimacy of his rule and in reconciling his desire to be seen as a devout Islamic ruler with the need to be pragmatic to avoid antagonizing the majority of his subjects.During his period 90% alms was given to the Hindus. When the Marathas plundered Sirungeri Mutt, killed the Brahmins and took the golden statue of Sarathadevi, Tipu Sultan gave donations to renovate it and sent his general SeyadMohmad to give protection to the Sankarachariyar of Sringeri.The temple at Melkote still has gold and silver vessels with inscriptions indicating that they were presented by the Sultan. Tipu Sultan also presented four silver cups to the Lakshmi Kanta temple at Kalale.

Oxidized silver cups can skew oxygen isotope results of small samples

AbstractOne of the commonly used analytical approaches for measuring oxygen isotope ratios δ18O of solids (organic and inorganic) is to pyrolyze the samples to gaseous phases and then send the gas into an isotope ratio mass spectrometer system. Solid samples for δ18O measurements are usually stored in silver cups because of its low reactivity towards oxygen and other oxidants. Samples in silver cups can be dropped directly into the carbon column of the pyrolysis furnace. However, the silver cups can tarnish and then be oxidized over a prolonged storage period. We find that while a small amount of silver oxides does not affect measurements with appreciable sample sizes, it can skew isotope results of small samples. We thus recommend careful storage of samples in silver cups to minimize oxidation, such as under an air-isolated condition, and avoiding prolonged storage for accurate δ18O measurements.

Tournaments of the Michigan State Band Association: 1877–1884

This study examined the history of band tournaments governed by the Michigan State Band Association (MSBA), beginning with the first competition in 1877 and ending with the disbandment of the Association and tournaments in 1884. The research focused specifically on the (a) organization, rules, and procedures of the tournaments; (b) details surrounding the individual competitions held throughout the state; and (c) influence of the tournaments on local culture, participating ensembles, and future band activities in Michigan. The first Michigan State Band Tournament met in Port Huron in June 1877. Festivities included parades, massed performances, and competitions for prizes consisting of silver cups, cash, and new instruments. To ensure equal opportunity among the ensembles, bands were divided into classifications based at first on size and instrumentation and then on ability. Officials added a solo cornet contest in 1878 and expanded this event to other instruments the following year. In 1879, bandmasters met at Lansing to organize the MSBA to standardize rules, select the location of the annual competition, and ensure fairness among participants. The Association and tournaments ended six years later, probably because of the failure of the competitions to generate a profit for the sponsors.

The Quintessential Features of Iranian Art in Saljuq Period

The reign of Saljuqian in Iran is considered as a flourishing era of Islamic-Iranian culture. In the Saljuq period, Iran art has experienced and underwent some changes as long as the presence of these evolutions as keystone in Iranian traditional arts have played a significant role in arts such as architecture, painting, pottery and etc. Since the effect of the Saljuq art has been so impressive, even it is not considered as a renaissance period, it can be accounted as one of the significant period in Iranian art. The purpose of this study is to point out some features of the Saljuq art through using descriptive-analytical approach, and to examine some aspects of arts including architecture, pottery, and textile in this period. What is more, the outcomes of the present paper reveal that with regard to the Saljuq architecture, mosques have been formed by nave, dome, and four-porch courtyard derived from Khorasan architecture art. The eminent buildings of this period are Jameh Mosque of Isfahan, Jam Minareh, Sanjar monument in Marv city. Successes have been also achieved in pottery art such as making pottery dishes with over glaze, and under glaze painting and red dishes with white cover. In the field of discovered metal works, there is a variety of bowls, vases and golden, silver and bronze cups which have been carved, embossed and inlayed by picture of animals and plants as well as Kufic script. Moreover, the silk textile known as Ordaki has been one of the brilliant samples of textiles art in this period, decorated with blue Kufic script. In overall, Saljuq arts have paved the way for more development of arts in the subsequent years.

Herbata na warszawskim stole XIX wieku. Zwyczaje i akcesoria

Brak streszczenia w języku polskim.

‘Silver Cups Versus Ice Creams’: Parental Involvement With the Construction of Gender in the Field of Their Son’s Soccer

This study explores parents’ gendered meanings in their involvement with their son’s soccer participation. We use Bourdieu’s (1985; 1990; 2012) theoretical perspective of fields, positions, habitus and taking positions to examine the way in which parents in two Dutch soccer clubs reconstruct and negotiate gendered meanings through expressions, positioning and power relations within the field of their son’s soccer. The findings suggest that, within this field, a subdivision exists between the ‘main’ field, represented by masculine meanings, and the subordinated ‘serving-the-main’ field, represented by feminine values. The study contributes to a better understanding of the processes involved in the construction of gender in both subfields and highlights the way in which women who enter the ‘main’ field can be theorized as ‘space invaders’.

From Silver Cups to Garden Gnomes: Toward a Contextual Reception of Standardized Images

Roman domestic art in elite and non-elite houses follows the same iconographic patterns. This high degree of standardization has led to the widespread assumption that art use lower down the social scale was a matter of elite imitation. But as this paper argues, canonical images were not exclusively popular because they copied upper-class fashions. Instead, standardized imagery was popular because it could impart a whole variety of meanings. And indeed, non-elite art buyers often tweaked canonical images to suit highly idiosyncratic representational interests. This non-elite art use is explored through a comparison with the cultural transformations of the modern garden gnome.

Don't Sing, Little Bird

Don't Sing, Little Bird Beth Dwoskin (bio) Feygele was a little girl.She sang of the gentle dusk,Like drizzle in autumn trees."Feygele, hush, don't sing little bird," said her mother."The baby is sleeping.He cries day and night.Please be quiet, for silence is golden." Feygele was a good daughter.She sang of praise and glory,Like a cantor, making cold stone wallsEcho with joy,An exaltation, to honor God."Feygele, hush, don't sing little bird," said her father."We're praying.It is the male bird that sings.You must be still, for silence is holy." [End Page 42] Feygele was a young maiden.She sang of sorrow and yearning,Sitting with the women in the balcony,Chanting prayers of entreatyIn dusty, shadowy corners."Feygele, hush, don't sing little bird," said her grandmother."We're gossiping—we cannot sing.Learn to be mute, for silence is a virtue." Feygele was a new bride.She sang a heavenly songTo the angels welcoming the Sabbath twilightOn a winter night, as the candles gleamedAnd the ruby wine sparkled in silver cups."Feygele, hush, don't sing little bird," said her husband."We're studying Torah, my friends and I.Do not make a sound, for silence is perfect." Feygele was a mother bird,She sang like the thrush in the silver birch,The warbler on the cattail,She cried like the owl in bleak moonlight,As she flew above the fogOver the marsh to her babies in their nest."Mamele, sing," said the babies."We beg you to sing, for we sleep,We pray, we study and learnAt the sound of your voice.Music is life." [End Page 43] Beth Dwoskin Beth Dwoskin is a catalog librarian, wife of a scientist, and mother of three grown children. She lives and works in Ann Arbor, MI. She has written book and CD reviews for the newsletter of the Association of Jewish Libraries and the online journal, Women in Judaism: a multidisciplinary journal. She also wrote the Guide to the Jewish sheet music collection from the National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg. She is doing independent research on the role of women in Jewish vocal music. Copyright © 2009 Bridges Association

Femtoliter silver cups as surface enhanced Raman scattering active containers

Femtoliter capacity Ag cups formed by the pulsed laser ablation of an Ag foil have beentried out as substrates for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements. Thecups are formed as the impinging droplets from the laser plume undergo a flowpattern before freezing into cup-like structures, resulting in a surface roughness(∼35 nm) that makes them ideal for SERS studies. The internal volume of the cups is in the femtoliter(10−15 l) range, well suited for small-scale reactions, particularly in biologicalstudies. The cups exhibit enhancement factors of the order of106 with the analyte molecule thiophenol. Individual cups have been dosed attoliter quantities(10−18 l) of the analyte and detected.

Effects of acidification in multiple stable isotope analyses

The effect of in situ acidification on the stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen was tested in several invertebrates living in an eelgrass system. Dried and ground samples of individuals were weighted in silver cups and treated in situ with 10% HCl. Control samples were measured without acidification. This treatment to remove inorganic carbon significantly decreased the δ13C values. The δ15N values were not affected by this method of acidification. In contrast to the acid‐washing method the tested procedure seems suitable to remove inorganic carbon in small invertebrate species.

Scientific Analysis of Metal Objects and Metallurgical Remains from Kastri, Kythera

Scientific analysis of samples takes from metal objects and metallurgical products excavated during the 1960s at Kastri on Kythera provide new evidence concerning, variously, the Aegean metals trade and metallurgy on Kythera. The samples date to the Second Palace (Neopalatial), Classical and Late Roman periods. The Bronze Age material comprises fragments of copper ingots and silver cups, neither of which metal is locally available in Kythera, and the later material relates largely to local smelting and possibly smithing of iron, whose origin is uncertain. These activities are related to preliminary information concerning the distribution at each period of metallurgical activity across the island that has been generated by the intensive surface survey of the Kythera Island Project.

Isotopic (13C) analysis of dissolved organic carbon in stream water using an elemental analyzer coupled to a stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer

A technique for measurement of the stable isotope composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in stream water, using an elemental analyzer (EA) coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS), is described. Stream water samples were concentrated by rotary evaporation, acidified to remove dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and dried in silver cups prior to analysis. Precision was evaluated with standards (alanine and humic acid), and with stream water samples with varying (13)C enrichment. Standards and samples were also prepared in sealed quartz tubes for high-temperature combustion (HTC) and analyzed by dual inlet for comparison. The delta(13)C values of natural abundance standards and samples measured by the two techniques differed by <or=0.3 per thousand. Isotopically enriched stream water samples analyzed using the EA and HTC methods had comparable delta(13)C and atom % values (differed by <or=6%). Expensive quartz vessels and the extensive time required for sample lyophilization, combustion and cryogenic separation of combustion products before isotopic analysis for the HTC method are eliminated with the EA method. Overall, the EA method is simpler, faster, and more economical than the HTC method, and it can be used for (13)C-enriched as well as natural abundance samples.

La casa de Bernat de Sarrià, canonge de la Seu de Barcelona, vers 1300

This article studies the will and inventory of goods left by a rich canon, named Bernat of Sarria, who belonged to a noble family from the surroundings of Barcelona, where his house was built. The canon had a cousin —also named Bernat—, who was a king's counsellor and a very influential person at the court. The inventory is dated the day after the canon was dead, on the 26th July 1302. It contains a large number of clothes, furniture and coins, but neither books nor weapons. The canon also possessed several servants and three slaves, fourteen decorated silver cups, twelve rings and some landed properties in Premia and Alella (villages not far from Barcelona), that produced crops of wheat, barley, wine and oil. A benefice in memory of the date of his death was constituted, with his fortune, at Saint Michael's chapel of Barcelona cathedral. This benefice was devoted to the poor and especially to nourish, for ever, a poor person who was dependent of the cathedral's Almoina. The canon destined for these two pious institutions the amount he obtained of selling his slaves.

A Note on the Anatolian Connections of the Tôd Treasure

Since the detailed study by Edith Porada of the cylinder seals and small objects from the celebrated treasure found in the temple of Mont at Tôd in Upper Egypt, questions concerning its origin and date still remain unanswered. Porada suggested that in addition to seals from Eastern Iran and possibly Afghanistan, a North Syrian origin for two of the cylinders seems a distinct possibility. Two other cylinder seals were carved in Mesopotamian style, one of them being datable to the period of the Third Dynasty of Ur. She also showed conclusively that there are no cylinders which can be dated later than 1800 B.C. (Middle Chronology) and that the latest cylinders belonged to the Isin-Larsa period. Her conclusions concerning the origin of the treasure and the importance of parallels for the amulets and other small objects with material from Mari and Ebla are entirely convincing. A recent study by Christine Lilyquist stresses the evidence for a date within the reign of Amenemhet II for the deposition of the treasure which was found in four metal boxes inscribed with the king's name. While in studies concerning the 153 silver vessels Cretan and Mycenaean prototypes have been cited, Anatolia has not received so much attention. Here it will be suggested that there is considerable recently published evidence from Anatolia and Syria which is relevant to the Tôd silver cups, and that a consideration of recently published textual material from Mari, Ebla, Rimah and Brak may also be useful.