Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Strength-Plasticity Relationship and Intragranular Nanophase Distribution of Hybrid (GNS + SiCnp)/Al Composites Based on Heat Treatment.

The distribution of reinforcements and interfacial bonding state with the metal matrix are crucial factors in achieving excellent comprehensive mechanical properties for aluminum (Al) matrix composites. Normally, after heat treatment, graphene nanosheets (GNSs)/Al composites experience a significant loss of strength. Here, better performance of GNS/Al was explored with a hybrid strategy by introducing 0.9 vol.% silicon carbide nanoparticles (SiCnp) into the composite. Pre-ball milling of Al powders and 0.9 vol.% SiCnp gained Al flakes that provided a large dispersion area for 3.0 vol.% GNS during the shift speed ball milling process, leading to uniformly dispersed GNS for both as-sintered and as-extruded (0.9 vol.% SiCnp + 3.0 vol.% GNS)/Al. High-temperature heat treatment at 600 °C for 60 min was performed on the as-extruded composite, giving rise to intragranular distribution of SiCnp due to recrystallization and grain growth of the Al matrix. Meanwhile, nanoscale Al4C3, which can act as an additional reinforcing nanoparticle, was generated because of an appropriate interfacial reaction between GNS and Al. The intragranular distribution of both nanoparticles improves the Al matrix continuity of composites and plays a key role in ensuring the plasticity of composites. As a result, the work hardening ability of the heat-treated hybrid (0.9 vol.% SiCnp + 3.0 vol.% GNS)/Al composite was well improved, and the tensile elongation increased by 42.7% with little loss of the strength. The present work provides a new strategy in achieving coordination on strength-plasticity of Al matrix composites.

Fabrication of nano SiC and BF-bonded magnesium alloy (AZ80) hybrid nanocomposite via liquid state stir casting process: characteristics study

ABSTRACT Concerning various materials in the engineering domain, magnesium alloy-based composites are found to have specific properties. They are prepared with ceramic particles via a liquid stirring process, and oxidation results in porousness. Due to this, this research aims to develop cast magnesium alloy (AZ80), nanocomposite and hybrid nanocomposites via a liquid state stir casting process with an argon atmosphere. It contains 0, 2, 4 and 6 wt% of silicon carbide nanoparticles (SiC) and 6 wt% SiC with 3, 6 and 9 wt% of basalt fibre. The developed cast AZ80 alloy, nano and hybrid nanocomposites are subjected to physical, mechanical and wear behaviour studies, and their results are compared. The composite contained 6 wt% SiC, and 9 wt% BF showed low porosity (1.03%), superior tensile strength (359 ± 7 MPa), elastic modulus (23044.58 ± 230 MPa), strain (2.114 ± 0.01 mm), hardness (121 ± 1.02 HV), coefficient of friction (0.421 ± 0.02) and low impact strength (18.25 ± 0.34 J/mm2) and volumetric wear rate (5.36 ± 0.4 mm3/m) compared to others.

Revolutionizing hardness via nanoparticle flux in welding of high-hardness armor steel

Given the direct correlation between the hardness of high-hardness armor (HHA) steel and its ballistic performance, mitigating softening in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) becomes essential. In this study, welding was performed using a nanoparticle flux composed of Tungsten Carbide (WC), Titanium Carbide (TiC), Silicon Carbide (SiC) nanoparticles, and ethanol. Subsequently, the shape and hardness distribution of each weld bead were comprehensively analyzed. The analysis revealed an increase in penetration depth in the order of 0.37 mm for WC 8 %, 0.31 mm for SiC 8 %, and 0.12 mm for TiC 2 %. Furthermore, the hardness evaluation results demonstrated a significant improvement at the fusion line (FL) when nanoparticle flux was utilized. Specifically, hardness values of 654.0 HV and 590.4 HV were observed at 8 % WC and 8 % SiC, respectively, representing increases of 16.6 % and 5.28 % compared to the absence of nanoparticle flux. Additionally, further investigations were conducted to elucidate the mechanism behind the improvement in hardness. This experimental evidence confirms the effectiveness of incorporating WC 8 % and SiC 8 % nanoparticles into the welding process of ARMOX 500 T in preventing hardness degradation due to softening.

Flax/ramie hybrid fibers enhanced with SiC nanoparticles

To create a hybrid material of ramie and flax fibers with silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles, it should have better thermal and mechanical properties. Across industries, sustainable materials are growing in demand for high performance, which is the impetus behind this study. A sustainable future is more about contributing to sustainable alternatives like ramie and flax fibers made from traditional synthetic materials. A key area focused on increasing strength, temperature resistance, and stiffness will be the addition of SiC nanoparticles to hybrid fibers. The research process carefully mixes the ramie and flax fibers with SiC nanoparticles to achieve optimal flexibility, thermal stability, and balance of strength. Hybrid material is examined using characterization techniques such as mechanical testing and scanning electron microscopy to determine the functioning of the microstructure. The possibility of composite material recycling, the impact of hybrid fibers, and accounting for natural fibers for sustainability are considered possible in this research. It should be innovative material development that has significant implications from the findings that meet environmental sustainability goals and satisfy performance requirements.

Influences of silicon carbide nanoparticles on graphite reinforced sisal (agave sisalana) fiber hybrid composite: behaviour study

Influences of silicon carbide nanoparticles on graphite reinforced sisal (agave sisalana) fiber hybrid composite: behaviour study

Investigating the valence balance of adding Nano SiC and MWCNTs on the improvement properties of copper composite using mechanical alloying and SPS techniques

This study presents a comprehensive investigation of copper-based nanocomposites reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The manufacturing procedure involved powder metallurgy techniques followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Microstructural analysis revealed a notable reduction in particle size (from 23.72 μm to 18.31 μm) and crystallite size (from 104.32 nm to 87.36 nm) with the addition of reinforcements. The bulk microstructure exhibited a reduction in grain size by approximately 13.1 %. XRD analysis confirmed the absence of new phases. Evaluation of SPS parameters demonstrated varying density and porosity, with the highest relative density of 99.96 % observed in pure copper composites. Hardness measurements indicated that surface hardness surpassed cross-sectional values, with the lowest recorded value being 64.79 HV for composite Cu-5%SiC-1%MWCNTs (S4). Wear rate analysis revealed an increase, with pure copper composites exhibiting a wear rate of 1.78 × 10^-4 mm3/m, while composite S4 displayed a rate of 3.25 × 10^-4 mm3/m under a load of 5 N. Coefficient of Friction (COF) exhibited significant fluctuations, influenced by the applied load and composite composition. Thermal conductivity decreased with higher SiC and MWCNT content, with sample S1 exhibiting the highest thermal conductivity among reinforced composites. Electrical conductivity trends were influenced by the type and concentration of reinforcing particles, resulting in an increase of approximately six times in composite S4 compared to the pure sample.

Influence of SiC and ZnO Doping on the Electrical Performance of Polylactic Acid-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators.

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used materials for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. It is a biodegradable thermoplastic polyester, derived from natural resources such as corn starch or sugarcane, with low environmental impact and good mechanical properties. One important feature of PLA is that its properties can be modulated by the inclusion of nanofillers. In this work, we investigate the influence of SiC and ZnO doping of PLA on the triboelectric performance of PLA-based tribogenerators. Our results show that the triboelectric signal in ZnO-doped PLA composites increases as the concentration of ZnO in PLA increases, with an enhancement in the output power of 741% when the ZnO concentration in PLA is 3 wt%. SiC-doped PLA behaves in a different manner. Initially the triboelectric signal increases, reaching a peak value with enhanced output power by 284% compared to undoped PLA, when the concentration of SiC in PLA is 1.5 wt%. As the concentration increases to 3 wt%, the triboelectric signal reduces significantly and is comparable to or less than that of the undoped PLA. Our results are consistent with recent data for PVDF doped with silicon carbide nanoparticles and are attributed to the reduction in the contact area between the triboelectric surfaces.

Sandwich-structured nano-adhesive based on the synergistic action of two nanoparticles (SiC and MWCNTs)

This study encompasses the development of sandwich-structured adhesive reporting the synergism in the functioning of two kinds of nanoparticles (NPs)-SiC (Silicon carbide) and MWCNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotubes). Two adhesives using MWCNTs and NPs of SiC in selected amounts were developed using Polyaryletherketone (PAEK) thermoplastic polymer as a base matrix. Fabricated joints using these adhesives were characterized for degglomeration and dispersion of NPs, lap shear strength (LSS), and failure modes. Based on the data on the LSS, the advantages and disadvantages of using individual NPs were analyzed, and the third adhesive was designed in a sandwich manner, where positive points of both the NPs were expected to work synergistically. The sandwich adhesive showed higher LSS than the individual ones, i.e., an 8.6% and 26% improvement to SiC-based and MWCNT-based adhesives, respectively. It was concluded that the strengthening mechanism of MWCNTs of bulk polymer in the central portion was beneficial. The two outer layers of SiC NPs in PAEK interacting with the two steel surfaces of coupons proved helpful in increasing friction and, hence, synergistically increasing the LSS of sandwich adhesive.

Electromagnetic and Darcy-Forchheimer porous model effects on hybrid nanofluid flow in conical zone of rotatable cone and expandable disc

Primary objective of this examination is to discover hybridized nanofluid flowing and heat transport that flows between a rotatable cone positioned above an expandable disc. Hybridized nanofluid contains Cadmium telluride (CdTe) as first nanoparticle and Silicon carbide (SiC) as second nanoparticle in ethylene glycol as base fluid. Electromagnetic impact and Darcy-Forchheimer model are considered with thermal radiative fluxing. By using appropriate similarity transformation, physical phenomena may be illustrated by a collection of nondimensional equations. An in-depth analysis is conducted to examine how the expansion of the surface affects the motion and temperature layers, as well as the swirl angle from the disc surface, and heat transfers from the cone and disc walls. Results demonstrate that expanding the wall varies flowing and heat dynamics within the conical gap. Boost CdTe nanoparticles without SiC nanoparticles lower disc Nusselt numbers while increasing it in a cone. In absence of CdTe nanoparticles, SiC nanoparticles increase Nusselt numbers in disc and cone. Nusselt numbers peak for rotating cone and expanded disk at φ1=φ2=0.04. When gap angles are modest, faster wall expansion rate cools disk surface and heats cone surface. These findings have important medical and pharmacological implications in blood component separation and drilling machine cooling.

Evaluating the influence of various friction stir processing strategies on surface integrity of hybrid nanocomposite Al6061

To fundamentally investigate the influence of different friction stir processing (FSP) strategies, namely raster, spiral, and parallel in various passes on the surface integrity of hybrid aluminum nanocomposites reinforced by titanium oxide (TiO2), silicon carbide (SiC), and zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles, various examinations were conducted. The surface integrity, comprising microstructural characterization, elemental composition, surface topography, roughness, waviness, and microhardness was studied by different analyses, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), optical microscopy (OM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Vickers microhardness machine in different zones. Results demonstrated that surface integrity and quality are dependent on the type of FSP strategy. SEM images revealed that a homogeneous distribution of the nanoparticles in the matrix is obtainable by the parallel and raster FSP strategies. Roughness and waviness measurements illustrated that the surface topography of the hybrid nanocomposite was symmetrical and improved by raster strategy and TiO2 + ZrO2 nanoparticle reinforcement. Furthermore, the two-pass FSP improved the arithmetic average surface value (Ra) such that the Ra of two passes decreased by 32.5% compared to a single one. The mean microhardness in the spiral, raster, and parallel pass strategies increased by ~ 45%, 37%, and 31%, respectively.

In-situ polymerization of polythiophene/silicon carbide nanocomposites for gas sensing and optoelectronic devices

Silicon carbide (SiC)-reinforced polythiophene (PTh) nanocomposites were synthesized by oxidative in-situ polymerization. The successful inclusion of SiC nanoparticles into the PTh was confirmed by the characteristic peak of Si–C bond around 865 cm−1 in the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns demonstrate that the amorphous nature of PTh reduces with the addition of SiC. The intensity of UV–Vis absorbance increased proportionally with filler loading, indicating improved optical properties for PThSiC7 (polythiophene/silicon carbide 7 wt%) nanocomposite compared to pristine PTh. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images illustrate the changes in surface morphology of PTh with the addition of SiC and uniform dispersion was observed in PThSiC7. The formation of spherical-shaped moieties was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The shifts in degradation and glass transition temperatures towards higher values were attributed to the enhanced thermal properties of the nanocomposites. Temperature-dependent studies on the electrical and dielectric properties of the samples underscored the excellent conductivity exhibited by PThSiC7 (7 × 10−3 S/cm) with a low activation energy of 0.058 eV. In response to the growing demand for gas sensors, samples were tested to sense ammonia gas, demonstrating that PThSiC nanocomposites were more sensitive than PTh. The controllable optical properties, thermal stability, electrical characteristics, and gas sensing performance of the PThSiC nanocomposites suggest their potential as a promising material for the development of advanced energy storage systems, sensors, and optoelectronic devices.

Wear Behavior of Epoxy Resin Reinforced with Ceramic Nano- and Microparticles.

Cavitation erosion poses a significant challenge in fluid systems like hydraulic turbines and ship propellers due to pulsed pressure from collapsing vapor bubbles. To combat this, various materials and surface engineering methods are employed. In this study, nano and micro scale particles of silicon carbide (SiC) or boron carbide (B4C) were incorporated as reinforcement at 6% and 12% ratios, owing to their exceptional resistance to abrasive wear and high hardness. Microparticles were incorporated to assess the damage incurred during the tests in comparison to nanoparticles. Wear tests were conducted on both bulk samples and coated aluminum sheets with a 1mm of composite. Additionally, cavitation tests were performed on coated aluminum tips until stability of mass loss was achieved. The results indicated a distinct wear behavior between the coatings and the bulk samples. Overall, wear tended to be higher for the coated samples with nanocomposites than bulk, except for the nano-composite material containing 12% SiC and pure resin. With the coatings, higher percentages of nanometric particles correlated with increased wear. The coefficient of friction remained within the range of 0.4 to 0.5 for the coatings. Regarding the accumulated erosion in the cavitation tests for 100 min, it was observed that for all nanocomposite materials, it was lower than in pure resin. Particularly, the composite with 6% B4C was slightly lower than the rest. In addition, the erosion rate was also lower for the composites.

Optimizing the structural, thermal, gas sensing and electrical properties of in-situ polymerized poly(thiophene-co-indole)/silicon carbide nanocomposites for energy storage applications

Conducting copolymer nanocomposites of thiophene and indole incorporated with silicon carbide nanoparticles [poly (thiophene-co-indole-SiC) (PPSiC)] has been developed by in-situ copolymerization and these nanocomposites were characterized by different analytical techniques. The FTIR peak at 865 cm−1 signifies the successful incorporation of SiC nanoparticles in the copolymer matrix. The intensity of the UV-Vis absorbance of the copolymer nanocomposites increased with the nanoparticle concentrations, and PPSiC7 showed the highest intensity. This was in correlation with its low optical bandgap energy (3.032 eV) and high refractive index (2.388) value. XRD revealed the consistent positioning of sharp and distinct crystalline peaks of SiC in the copolymer. SEM revealed the effective dispersion of nanoparticles throughout the matrix and uniform dispersion was obtained for PPSiC7 nanocomposite. HR-TEM images validated the presence of spherical-shaped particles in the nanocomposite with the nano-size distribution of SiC. The surface roughness of the copolymer nanocomposite was evident from AFM analysis. TGA and DSC revealed that PPSiC nanocomposites have better thermal properties than the copolymer. AC conductivity increased with frequency and temperature. The PPSiC7 exhibits a maximum conductivity of 1.5×10−2 S/cm at 106 Hz and an activation energy of 0.064 eV. PPSiC nanocomposites demonstrated excellent results in degrading dye and detecting ammonia gas at ambient temperature. All analyses showed that the PPSiC7 nanocomposite exhibited superior properties than the copolymer. These admirable properties can be exploited in developing optoelectronic devices, energy storage devices and gas sensors.

Investigation of numerical phase transition of nano-enhanced SiC/paraffin wax PCM in solar-assisted water desalination system

Adding nanoparticles in phase change material (PCM) is a new trend for enhancing their thermal energy-storing ability as well as thermal conductivity. From this point of view, a numerical study is carried out to examine the addition of silicon carbide nanoparticles in paraffin wax PCM, used as heat energy storing material in a semi-cylindrical solar water desalination system. The PCM temperature is maintained at 52 °C and the semi-cylindrical tubular section has a wall temperature of 85 °C. The top plane section of the tubular solar collector is made up of graphite material. A semi-circular cross-section is selected for numerical analysis. A finite volume solver is used for solving thermal and fluid flow governing equations. A pressure staggering option algorithm is applied for pressure–velocity coupling. The temporal parameters like temperature, velocity contours, melting fraction, enthalpy, and entropy of nano silicon embedded paraffin wax PCM are widely discussed. The results clearly show that the phase transition of solid PCM to fluid PCM is greatly influenced by nanoparticle addition and enhances the rate of heat transfer. Initially for the first 60 min the melting fraction and temperature of PCM remain uniform as the time step increases above 60 min the behavior of PCM changes abruptly which clearly indicates the random distribution of nanoparticles within the PCM. A critical time and temperature limit exists for nanoparticles-based PCM beyond which, the thermal efficiency of the solar water desalination system gets influenced.

Semisolid stir processing of AZ91/TiO2 nanocomposite analysis with SiC exposure: behaviour measures

ABSTRACT This research affair to synthesize the magnesium alloy (AZ91) hybrid nanocomposites with 0.5wt% titanium dioxide (TiO2) and 2.5, 5, and 7.5wt% of silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles through a semisolid stir cast route under argon (inert) nature and its particle distribution enhanced with uniform stir speed of 400rpm as well as the casting defects reduced by using nature of inert. The excellence of semisolid stir processing with SiC exposure on AZ91/TiO2 composite is analyzed with physical, surface morphological and mechanical exploits. Compared to aluminium-based composites, this composite weight is less, with an acceptable level of voids (less than 1.5%). An effort of processing, the microstructure proved their SiC and TiO2 appearance as uniform. The AZ91/0.5wt%TiO2/7.5wt% SiC exploited maximum hardness of (84±0.8HV), impact toughness of (16.3±0.3J/mm2), and excellent strength (251±5MPa) with reduced elongation percentages of (4.5%). This optimum property sample will be planned for automotive roof frame applications.

Modification and Development of the Structural, Morphological and Dielectric Characteristics of Polyvinyl Alcohol Incorporated with Cerium Dioxide / Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles for Nanodielectric and Nanoelectronic Applications

Modification and Development of the Structural, Morphological and Dielectric Characteristics of Polyvinyl Alcohol Incorporated with Cerium Dioxide / Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles for Nanodielectric and Nanoelectronic Applications

Silicon carbide nanoparticles featured AZ63/BN alloy nanocomposite made by using liquid stir vacuum die cast: characteristics study

ABSTRACT With the unique class, the reinforcements play a precious role during the composite fabrication, expanding the specific properties. The novel research intensively enhances the micro-structural and mechanical behaviour of magnesium alloy (AZ63/3 wt% boron nitride) nanocomposite featured 2, 4, and 6 wt% of nano-size silicon carbide (SiC) particles via liquid state vacuum stir cast route. The exposure of SiC and BN on composite density, voids contribution, changes in AZ91D microstructure, impact toughness, hardness, and stress-strain individuality of AZ63 alloy nanocomposite is evaluated with ASTM policy. The composite composed with 3 wt% BN and 6 wt% SiC proved their identity. It showed the lower contribution of voids-free homogenous dispersion particle results in a maximum impact strength of 14.7J/mm2, hardness of 74HV, and superb tensile strength of 247MPa. This optimum behaviour will be recommended for automotive roof frame applications.

Evaluating structural strength and vibrational characteristics of silicon carbide incorporated adhesively bonded single lap joints

The adhesive bonding approach is widely used in assembling of spars, stringers, ailerons, flaps, and rudders in aircraft. The present research investigated the impact of silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticle inclusion on the shear and free vibrational behaviour of adhesively bonded single lap joints (SLJ). The shear test results showed that the inclusion of 1.5 wt.% SiC in the epoxy resin enhanced the shear behaviour of adhesively bonded SLJ. Furthermore, the failure surfaces of adhesively bonded SiC-reinforced SLJ were examined using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The microstructural investigation of the failure surface demonstrated that the development of rougher surfaces, plastic void enlargement, and formation of shear bands in the joint region had improved adhesion among GFRP adherends. Thus, the SiC-incorporated adhesively bonded SLJ had predominant cohesive failures. Meanwhile, the SiC-free lap joint had an adhesive failure due to lower adhesion. The vibrational results avowed that 1.5 wt.% SiC-incorporated adhesively bonded SLJ has higher natural frequencies. Results also affirmed that higher wt.% SiC-incorporated joint had better modal damping values due to nanoparticle accumulation, which increased the interaction between glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) adherends.

Investigation of the microstructure and mechanical properties of an Al/SiC/ZrO2 hybrid composite by spark plasma sintering technique

The quantum of work with silicon carbide (SiC) and zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) in the aluminum hybrid composite material has increased due to the growing demand for lightweight materials for various industrial applications. The aluminum hybrid composite with the wt% of primary reinforcement particles of SiC was kept constant at 5%, and the secondary reinforcement particles of ZrO2 were taken by 5%, 10%, and 15%. The sintering parameters were used as the temperature at 600°C, holding time of 35 minutes, and pressure at 30MPa. In this work, the aluminum composite material reinforced with 5%wt of SiC particles compared the test results with aluminum hybrid composite reinforcement of SiC and ZrO2 nanoparticles. Adding ZrO2 reinforcements enhances the aluminum hybrid composite material's better microstructure, microhardness, tensile strength, compression, and yield strength.

High-pressure torsion effect on microstructural and hardness properties of Magnesium with Silicon Carbide nanoparticles

Without a doubt, lightweight materials of high strength are in high demand in the automotive, aerospace, biomedical, and other industries that require such materials. Processing or manufacturing such materials has been a vital topic in contemporary research, as well as material development in the industry. A possible solution for the processing of lightweight materials of high strength is to target lightweight materials by nature such as magnesium and improve their mechanical properties such as stiffness, strength, and hardness. The aforementioned properties are sometimes achieved by processing soft and light materials through High-Pressure Torsion. In this work, Magnesium with Silicon Carbide nanoparticles (Mg-SiC) was strengthened and hardened through the High-Pressure Torsion (HPT) processing technique. The samples were compressed with a pressure of 6.0 GPa and twisted at the rotating speed of 1 rpm with varying numbers of turns N = 0, N = 1, N = 5 and N = 10 at a temperature of 23°C. The processed samples were prepared for the experimental investigation of microstructural characterization and hardness test examinations. Microstructural results showed that grain refinements of material can be achieved through HPT processing methods, which reduced the average grain sizes of unprocessed (N = 0) Mg alloy samples from 149.9 µm to 27.1 µm after processing ten turns. However, hardness test results do not indicate any significant improvement after one HPT processing turn although homogeneity is attained at five processing turns within the nanocomposites.